ALCOHOLISM AND SMOKING

CHAPTER 14

Introduction Alcoholism is a disease or

disorder of behavior characterized by repeated

drinking of alcoholic beverages. It is also defined generally as the

habitual drinking of alcoholic liquor to excess, or a diseased

conditioned caused by alcoholic liquors.

An alcoholic is a person who indulges in heavy uncontrolled

drinking to the detriment of the person’s health and personality.

Alcoholic Beverages

Wine – contains 10-20% alcohol.

Beer lower alcoholic content – contains 3-

5% alcohol. Whisky, brandy, gin,

rum, vodka and liquors have a much higher

alcoholic content, usually 40-55% alcohol.

Effects of Alcohol in Blood

0.1% - noticeable breath odor 0.2% - clumsy movement

0.3% - staggering gait 0.4% - helplessness

Reasons Why People become Alcoholic according to Primary Health Care Teaching Manual (1987)

Feeling lonely or depressed To forget his/her problems To be accepted by his peer

group As an outlet for anger,

anxiety, boredom For macho image For many, it starts as

recreation then becomes a habit until it becomes a vice or addiction to alcohol

Different ailments caused by heavy drinking

Liver Cirrhosis

Lung Cancer

Ulcers/cancer of the

intestines

Disadvantages and Advantages of Alcohol/alcoholic

DISADVANTAGES: He has less interest in his life and no more ambition. He has slower reaction. He is pessimistic. He has less capacity for creative work and thought. He is no longer aware of what is happening in his surroundings.

ADVANTAGES:

A person can have a good appetite. He can have a sound sleep at night. He can have more energy for creative work.

Alcohol in Body and the Diet

In Body - The alcohol once taken into the body is circulated to the veins and mixes with the blood. The rate of absorption speeds up greatly as alcohol enters the intestine at the lower end of the stomach. The blood delivers alcohol to the brain, liver, muscles and other body tissues.

The Diet - The alcoholic person has no appetite, since the alcohol irritates the lining of the stomach and upsets its normal activities, hence ulcer may result.

The brain is the primary target of alcohol and the alcoholic may have the following symptoms: severe headache, inability to sleep and irritability.

Another target of alcohol is the digestive system. A person may have a complain of inflammation of the esophagus, stomach or chronic diarrhea.

Smoking and Health

There are 500 chemical compound contained in tobacco smoke, many of which are known as carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents. The smoke is made up of gases, organic vapors, and particulate matters, which include tar and nicotine.

Considering the chemical composition of tobacco smoke, the physical effects of smoking in the body are not surprising such as lung cancer, development of coronary diseases such as heart disease, a number of respiratory disorders, peptic ulcers, and cardiovascular illness.

Because of the ill effects of smoking on our health, Republic Act 9211 and its implementing rules and regulations on the Smoke-Free School Program was enacted.

SMOKING (according to Dr. Limpin of the Philippine Heart Center)

Already kills one in every 10 adults worldwide

By 2030, the proportion will be one in six, or 10 million deaths per year.

By 2020, seven of every 10 people killed by smoking will be in low-and middle-income nations (Worldbank, 1999)

Kills nearly 5 million people each year. Approximately 27,000 Filipinos die every year

due to tobacco-related disease.

Major Health Consequences of Smoking

Lung Mouth, larynx, throat, etc. Cervix Bladder Pancreas

Coronary Heart Disease Peripheral Vascular Disease Cerebrovascular Diseases Pregnancy and Birth Control

Cancer Lung cancer is the number one

cause of cancer deaths. Smoking as the major factor. Passive smoking plays an important

role among non-smokers.Among 10 leading cancer deaths, 7

of theses are strongly associated withsmoking which includes Lung,

Esophageal, Phrayngeal California,Leukemia, Gastric and Bladder

Cancer.

Mainstream Smoke is smoke that is inhaled through a smokers mouth.

Sidestream smoke is a smoke that drifts off at the end of cigarettes.

A secondhand smoke or passive smoker is one who inhales sidestream smoke.

Passive SmokingIt is an involuntary exposure of nonsmokers

to the combination of tobacco combustion products which is released by the burning cigarettes with smoke components exhaled by the active smoker.

Sidestream Smoke is Dangerous because it produces 6 times the pollution of a busy highway in a c crowded restaurant

- It has higher levels of many poisons than smoke breathed directly through the cigarette.

Passive evidence of second-hand smoke on non-smokers who live with smokers are:

A 20-30% increased risk of developing cancer, particulary lung cancer.

A 20-30% increased risk of developing heart disease.

Health Consequences of Smoking are Two-Fold

Addiction – The addictive properties of nicotine are well—documented but often underestimated by the consumer.

Fatal and disabling disease.The disease associated with smoking are well documented and include:

Cancers of the lungs and other organs Ischemic heart disease Strokes Respiratory diseases such as

emphysema, frequent asthma attacks. Hair loss, wrinkling, discolored fingers and bad breath is just some of the side effects of smoking.

There are 4,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke-60 of which are cancer inducing substances, such as:

Nicotine-ant intake off 60mg can kill; - each stick has 15-20 mg Tar-an irritating and cancer-causing substance Ammonia-makes smokers addicted Carbon monoxide-also found in car smoke Cadmium-highly toxic, found in car - batteries that causes liver kidney and brain damage Lead-stunts growth and causes brain damage Arsenic-a well-known poison.

Smoking makes bones brittle, making you prone to injuries.

Smoking for more than 20 years will reduce your lifespan by 20-25 years.

Other Risks Caused by Smoking Smokers look older than their age.

They have paler skin and more wrinkles. Smoking reduces the blood supply to the skin and lowers levels of Vitamin A.

Smoke can easily damage our eyes since we have sensitive blood vessels.

Tobacco Regulation Act (RA 9211)protects the people from the hazardous effects of tobacco use-directuse and indirect use (passive smoking)

There is an absolute prohibition of smokinginpublic places Schools Centers of activity of the youths-including playgrounds Medical buildings Stairwells and elevators Private and public buildings except when there is a

designated smoking area.

In the schools…

It includes ban of smokingwithin the perimeter of the school. Perimeter: as the area that

pertains to the boundary of land titles

Ban of selling cigarettes within 100 meters radius from school. It is in the hands of the DepEd, CHED, together with the DOH to disseminates the information on the hazards of smoking.

PREPARED BY

MARY JOY ANNE M. MALINISDANILYN M. OCAMPO

BSBA – 1A

CWTS REPORT (CHAPTER 14)MRS. VIDA JIMENEZ

Alcoholism and Smoking