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ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet) 1 www.khaiyashua.com English Alphabet Hebrew Alphabet 1. English is read and written from left to right. 1. Hebrew is read and written from right to left. 2. In the English alphabet, there are 26 letters: some are vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and some are consonants (b, c, d, g, etc.) 2. In the Hebrew alphabet, there are 22 letters, all of which are consonants. Vowels are dots and dashes added below and beside the consonants. 3. Letters in the English alphabet may be capital or lowercase. 3. Letters in the Hebrew alphabet have only one form. 4. English letters are not written differently when they appear at the end of a word. 4. Five Hebrew letters have a different form when they appear at the end of a word. 5. It is impossible to learn to read English without knowing the meaning of words, because letters and letter combinations can be pronounced in many ways. Example: the letter c in the words cat and circle. 5. Hebrew consonants and vowels are nearly always pronounced the same. Therefore, it is possible to learn to read Hebrew without knowing the meaning of words. 6. English is pronounced differently in various countries, such as England, Australia, and the United States. 6. Hebrew also has various pronunciations . This book uses the Sephardic, or Middle Eastern, pronunciation.* *Jdg 12:5 And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay; Jdg 12:6 Then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he could not frame to pronounce it right . Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand.

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ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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English Alphabet Hebrew Alphabet 1. English is read and written

from left to right.

1. Hebrew is read and written from right to left.

2. In the English alphabet, there

are 26 letters: some are vowels

(a, e, i, o, u), and some are

consonants (b, c, d, g, etc.)

2. In the Hebrew alphabet, there are 22 letters, all of which are

consonants. Vowels are dots and dashes added below and

beside the consonants.

3. Letters in the English

alphabet may be capital or

lowercase.

3. Letters in the Hebrew alphabet have only one form.

4. English letters are not written

differently when they appear at

the end of a word.

4. Five Hebrew letters have a different form when they appear

at the end of a word.

5. It is impossible to learn to

read English without knowing

the meaning of words, because

letters and letter combinations

can be pronounced in many

ways. Example: the letter c in

the words cat and circle.

5. Hebrew consonants and vowels are nearly always

pronounced the same. Therefore, it is possible to learn to read

Hebrew without knowing the meaning of words.

6. English is pronounced

differently in various countries,

such as England, Australia, and

the United States.

6. Hebrew also has various pronunciations. This book uses

the Sephardic, or Middle Eastern, pronunciation.*

*Jdg 12:5 And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay;

Jdg 12:6 Then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he

could not frame to pronounce it right. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages

of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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Hebrew Aleph – Bet Chart

Pronunciation

Book

Print

Final

Form

Letter Names

in English Block Script Numbers

Silent letter א Aleph 1

B as in Boy

(At the

beginning of

word/syllable)

V as in Vine

(At the

middle or end

of

word/syllable)

ב

ב

Bet 2

G as in Girl ג Gimmel 3

D as in Door ד Dalet 4

H as in House ה Hey 5

W as in Wine

O as in Oak

Oo as in Pool

(At the middle

or end of

ו

ו

ו

Waw

6

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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word/syllable)

*vowel

indicator

Z as in Zebra ז Zayin 7

KH as in

KHai ח

Khet 8

T as in Tall ט Tet 9

Y as in Yes

Y as in Try

Y as in Pray

Y as in Key

(At the middle

or end of

word/syllable)

*vowel

indicator

י

י

י

י

Yod 10

K as in

Kitchen Kaf 20 ך כ

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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כ

L as in Look ל Lamed 30

M as in Moon ם מ Mem 40

N as in Now ן נ Nun 50

S as in Sun ס Samech 60

Silent letter

(Guttural) adjective

1. 1. (of a speech sound) produced in the throat; harsh-sounding.

ע Ayin 70

P as in Park

F as in Food

פ

פ

Pey 80 ף

TS as in

NuTS Tsade 90 ץ צ

Q as in Quiet ק Qof 100

R as in Read ר Resh 200

SH as in

SHine ש

Sheen

Seen 300

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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S as in Sun ש

T as in Tall

(TH as in

BeTH)

ת Tau 400

Hebrew Vowels 1. Hebrew Vowels are shown as dots or dashes that appear below or above Hebrew letters.

2. A vowel is a sound that originates from the throat (ex. A, E, I, O, U). A consonant is a sound that

originates from the lips (ex. B, C, D, F, G).

3. Originally, Hebrew vowels were not written. Vowels were verbally spoken and understood by

everyone.

4. As Israelites scattered across the 4 corners of the earth, the Hebrew language became obsolete.

Masorites developed a system of preserving the pronunciation of the Hebrew language by

adding dots and dashes underneath the Hebrew text as vowel symbols. If vowels were made

into Hebrew letters (instead of dots or dashes) then the Scribes would have to add new letters

inside of each Hebrew word. To do this would have been a violation of YHWH’S Commandment:

Deu 4:2 YE SHALL NOT ADD UNTO THE WORD which I command you, neither

shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of YHWH your

GOD which I command you.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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Two Hebrew Vowel Sounds

Vowels are shown by adding dots and dashes below or beside consonants. Two

vowels are shown below. Both are added below consonants, and both are

pronounced in the same way.1 The represents any Hebrew consonant.

English Hebrew

1. A as in Father 2. A as in Father

When a vowel is written below a consonant, pronounce the consonant first and

then the vowel. When a vowel appears below an א, pronounce the vowel only.

= ב * ב +

Remember that

Hebrew reads from

right to left. א = א +

1

1 Sometimes the vowel will sound like the o in row. Without a complete understanding of Hebrew

stress, syllabification, and vowel length, it is difficult to know when a sounds like the a in yacht, and

when it sounds like the o in row. Unless we instruct you otherwise, we suggest that you pronounce

every like the a in yacht, even though this will not always be correct.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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Reading Practice

א 1.* א א א ב ב ב ג ג א ב ג ב א

א ב ב א ד ד ד 2.* א ב ג א ב ג ד

ג ה א ה ה ד ג ב ה א ב ד 3.* ה ד

ג ד ו א ב ב ו ג ד 4.* ו ו ב ה ד

ב ב א א ו ה א ב ו ב ג א ד 5.* ד

ב ו ה ב ג ג ה ו ד 6.* א ב ב ג ד

2

Two More Hebrew Vowels

2Simon, E., Resnikoff, I., & Motzkin, L. 1992. The first Hebrew primer : The adult beginner's path to

Biblical Hebrew. Completely rev. version of The First Hebrew primer for adults.; Text in English and

Hebrew. (3rd ed., completely rev.) . EKS pub.: Oakland, Calif.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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English Hebrew

3. I as in Sit 4. Y as in Key י

2. Read aloud the following letter and vowel combinations.

ז ז י ז ז ז ו ב ב ז ז י א ז ג .1

ה .2 י ב ח ז ח ז י ח י ה א י ח ה ח ח

י ב ט .3 י ח ז י א ו ה ז ט ד ט ט ט

י י י ו ו ז י ג י י ו ב ב י ד .4

י .5 י כ כ ב ב ו כ ב י ו כ ט כ י ב א

י כ כ ב ב ו ג י ד כ ח ב כ .6 י כ כ

ט .7 י ב ב א י ה ד ד ג י ד ו ו י ה ה

ז .8 ו ה ד ג ב א כ י ט ח ז ב

י .9 י י ה כ א ט י ו א ז י ח ה ה י ג ה ד י ב א

יט ה ט אב ג ד .10 זכ ט ה ו ו ז א אח כ 3

3Simon, E., Resnikoff, I., & Motzkin, L. 1992. The first Hebrew primer : The adult beginner's path to

Biblical Hebrew. Completely rev. version of The First Hebrew primer for adults.; Text in English and

Hebrew. (3rd ed., completely rev.) . EKS pub.: Oakland, Calif.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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Homework

1. Spell the following English words with Hebrew letters and vowels. Do these words as many

different ways as you can.

1. heave 4. Viva! 7. dot 10. got 13. yacht 16. cog

2. beet 5. cot 8. heat 11. deed 14. eat 17. tot

3. hot 6. ease 9. Oz 12. Bach 15. tea 18. bead 4

2. Read the following real Hebrew words. Spell the following Hebrew words with English

letters.

ד ח בא בא ה יבא ב דא ב א י ב זא חא א

*.1

א זב ח דא כ בא הא ב א ה ז חב ט הב א ב

*.2

ד ד דב ד אב ד דב דב ז זב ב ה א טב ה ב

*.3

4Simon, E., Resnikoff, I., & Motzkin, L. 1992. The first Hebrew primer : The adult beginner's path to

Biblical Hebrew. Completely rev. version of The First Hebrew primer for adults.; Text in English and

Hebrew. (3rd ed., completely rev.) . EKS pub.: Oakland, Calif.

ALEPH-TAU Hebrew School Biblical Hebrew Lesson 201 (Aleph-Bet)

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ב בג א הג א יג זב ז הב ז ב ד ד הג ב ג

*.4

ה ז הג ז הג ה הג ד יג ד דג ג ז ז דג ג ה

*.5

יד הג ב בד ב הד א גד א ד ה ד גד י הד ג ד

*.6

יג ג הה ח הד ו ידד ו דד ו ד יא הה ד הה ג ה

*.7

5

5Simon, E., Resnikoff, I., & Motzkin, L. 1992. The first Hebrew primer : The adult beginner's path to

Biblical Hebrew. Completely rev. version of The First Hebrew primer for adults.; Text in English and

Hebrew. (3rd ed., completely rev.) . EKS pub.: Oakland, Calif.