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Page 1: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered
Page 2: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Alexander the Great

356-323 B.C.E.

Alexander the Great

356-323 B.C.E.

Page 3: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War.

• Most Greeks considered Macedonians backward

– Lived in villages, not cities

– Spoke form of Greek unintelligible to other Greeks

• 359 BC, Macedonia’s fortune changed when Philip II took throne

The Rise of Macedonia• One of Philip’s first actions as

king

• Adopted phalanx system, but gave soldiers longer spears

• Included larger bodies of cavalry and more archers

• Set out to conquer Greece– Faced little opposition

– Quickly crushed armies

– Conquered all but Sparta

Army Reorganization

Alexander the Great

Page 4: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Alexander’s Conquests

• Alexander faced almost immediately with revolts in Greece

• Set out to reestablish control

• Used harsh measures to show rebellion not tolerated

• Crushed Theban army and sold people into slavery, burned city

Alexander Becomes King

• Philip’s conquests might have continued, but he was assassinated

• Title, plans for conquests fell to son, Alexander the Great

• Alexander only 20, but had been trained to rule almost from birth

• Learned warfare and politics from father, mother, and Aristotle

Page 5: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire

Page 6: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

Page 7: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Building Greek Cities in the East

Building Greek Cities in the East

Page 8: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Pergamum:

A New “Hellenis

tic”City

Pergamum:

A New “Hellenis

tic”City

CosmopolitCosmopolitanan

CultureCulture

Page 9: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Trade in the Hellenistic World

Trade in the Hellenistic World

Page 10: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

Page 11: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

• Generals fought each other for power

• In the end, the empire was divided among three most powerful generals

• Called themselves kings– Antigonus became king of

Macedonia and Greece– Seleucus ruled Persian

Empire – Ptolemy ruled Egypt

Power Struggle

• Alexander’s empire largest world had ever seen

• Did not rule very long

• 323 BC, Alexander fell ill while in Babylon

• Died a few days later at age 33

• Alexander died without naming heir

Death at Early Age

End of the Empire

Page 12: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

Page 13: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions & avoid

luxuries.

citizens of the world.

live a humble, simple life.

$ Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure.

all excess leads to pain!

politics should be avoided.

Page 14: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of

divine will.

concept of natural law.

get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.

true happiness is found in great achievements.

Page 15: Alexander the Great 356-323 B.C.E. Macedonia rose to power and took control of Greece in the years that followed the Peloponnesian War. Most Greeks considered

Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /

Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric

theory.

Euclid geometry.

Archimedes pulley.

Ptolemy geocentric theory.


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