alexander the great and hellenistic greece. after the peloponnesian war there was no city-state...
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Alexander the Great
And Hellenistic Greece
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After the Peloponnesian War
• There was no city-state strong enough to rule over all of Greece
• Invaders were constantly entering Greece and causing more disruption
• Nobody from within Greece could gain enough power to rule over the entire empire
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Phillip II of Macedon
• King of Macedon ( a region north of Greece), considered a backwards society by the Greeks
• Phillip reorganized the Macedonian army and made it really powerful
• He then attacked and conquered Greece and united the Greek city-states (except Sparta)
• Started a quest to expand his empire and crush his enemies
• Assassinated
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Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
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Alexander’s Rise to Power
• Became king after his father’s death, was only 20
• Highly educated and well-trained in the military, had been groomed to take over as king
• As soon as he took power people started to revolt around Greece
• He treated rebels harshly – when Thebes rebelled, Alexander Destroyed their army, sold the people into slavery, and burned the city to the ground
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Building an Empire
• Was a unique leader, did not follow tradition
• Fought alongside his troops during battle, earned their trust and loyalty
• Led very smart military campaigns, crushed his enemies easily, even when greatly outnumbered
• Greatly expanded the Greek empire
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Alexander’s Empire
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How did He Create Such a Huge Empire?
• First he attacked the Persians, who had a very unorganized military
• He then liberated Egypt from Persian control (Egyptians loved him)
• He destroyed the Persian army and took over their entire empire
• He continued to conquer territory farther east to India
• Alexander built the largest empire the world had ever seen – it only took him 13 years
• He died without naming an heir
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Alexander and the Hellenistic World
• Hellenic - Greek• Hellenistic - Greeklike• Alexander’s empire brought together
many diverse societies and changing the empire’s culture
• His empire was no longer Hellenic• Alexander purposely blended Greek,
Persian, Egyptian, and Asian cultures to unite his empire
• Built cities across Middle East and Africa, and Asia and encouraged Greeks to settle there
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Building Greek Cities in the EastBuilding Greek Cities in the East
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Where is This
City?
Where is This
City?
CosmopolitCosmopolitanan
CultureCulture
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Trade in the Empire
• Much of the empire was along the Silk Road
• Directly connected to Asia
• Made Hellenistic Greece incredibly powerful
• Also made it an easy target for invasion
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Daily Life in Hellenistic Greece
• Government changed from a democracy to a monarchy
• Women gained more rights, could own property and receive an education
• People were exposed to more ideas than ever before
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Hellenistic Achievements
• New types of philosophy were created
• Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism
• Art became more feminine and flowing
• Major improvements in science
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Advancements in Science
• Euclid – formulated ideas about geometry• Eratosthenes – calculated circumference of
the Earth• Archimedes – used math and physics to
create devices that make life easier (compound pulley)
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Library at Alexandria
• Largest library in the ancient world
• Contained some of the most important works in the world
• Reflects emphasis on knowledge
• Most of it was destroyed in multiple fires, which were common in libraries at the time
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After Alexander’s death
• There was no clear leader so military generals split the empire into 5 parts: Egypt, Greece, Macedonia, Central Asia, and Persia
• Never as strong as it was when Alexander was alive
• New rulers were not powerful and each new territory eventually was invaded
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The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire