alexandria digital earth prototype (adept) digital library services in support of learning

Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype(ADEPT)

CDL NPACI

InterLib

ADEPT

ADL

digital library services in support of learningdigital library services in support of learning

Alexandria Digital Library

2Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999

Outline

Introduction & overview a motivating example

The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT

geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation

Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables



Who we are

UCSB Alexandria Digital Library Davidson Library and Map & Imagery Laboratory Computer Science, Electrical & Computer Engineering,

Geography, and Psychology departments Instructional Development

UCLA University of Georgia CDL & SDSC (NPACI partners) InterLib and other university partners Public sector (federal & state government) and

private sector partners



Summary overview Two phases in ADL’s development:

DLI-1: access to libraries of useful collections DLI-2: integration & use of accessible information

– beyond the library metaphor

Operational ADL: a necessary basis for information use Initial applications of ADEPT services:

undergraduate learning in classrooms/studies/libraries emergency response, virtual museums & stores, digital

government Internet-accessible information as models of the world

Digital Earth metaphor for access and presentation Iscape concept for organization and use of information



Example: a class on flood management Instructor prepares class material

discovers relevant information constructs meta-information for joint resource use

– compatibility of datasets and simulation models integrates information into Iscapes (virtual DLs)

Instructor & students interact using Iscapes request simulations with different datasets/parameters

Students use ADEPT in group & private study situations group discovery, access, organization, use support of information life cycle

ADEPT in a learning environment

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Outline Introduction & overview

a motivating example The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT





The Digital Earth metaphor

Learning about the Earth information processes scenarios

The organizational metaphor desktop, office, workbench Earth itself

– immersion– dynamics



Digital Earth background

The Gore speech exploring the Earth’s environments physical and social

NASA the sunlit Earth immersive environment workshops

Organizing information by place what do you have about there? USGS Gateway to the Earth NRC Distributed Geolibraries


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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999


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ADEPT and simulation

Understanding Earth processes social and physical ADL data are static

– boundary conditions for simulation– exploration of dynamic scenarios

GIS technology is static– links to the Utrecht group, Peter Burrough

two short demonstrations– diffusion– tectonic


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Three probabilities for dispersion

Probability of individual reaching a given distance from the parent

Probability that habitat permits individual to establish

Probability that individual produces new offspring


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Simple dispersion functions

Probability of establishment


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diffusion

Example of diffusion modeling

Dispersion of individuals over a space in which the resistance to movement is variable individuals need to work together to colonize new areas


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Modeling uplift in Sabah, Malaysia (1/3)


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Faults

RelativeRelative vertical vertical displacementdisplacement

SedimentSediment

Over a period of several million years, movement along the faults has created long, sediment-filled valleys


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tectonics


The demo illustrates: a simplified model of normal faults and landform before

uplift reaction of landform to gradual vertical displacement along

the parallel normal faults erosion and deposition as a result of vertical movements

(red is erosion, blue is deposition) emergent behaviour of rivers leading to development of

braided streams


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ADL overview Operational digital library

located within UCSB’s Map and Imagery Laboratory– staff of “digital librarians” and systems personnel

three-tier architecture– Java client– Java middleware– heterogeneous databases

under continuous development– separately funded– interfaces, workspaces, collections, catalogs, gazetteers

planned incorporation into CDL Research testbed

advanced interface, geospatial processing & database services


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ADL user interface


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ADL architecture


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ADL: new and ongoing activities

CDL NPACI D-Lib Test Suite GeoWorlds NASA/ESDIS Prototyping Program University of Aberdeen, Scotland Digital Gazetteer Information Exchange (DGIE) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Neural network analysis of user/use data Utrecht University GIS group New interactions being developed


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ADEPT services

discovery

collection building

search

collaborativeinteraction

information use andprocedure application

geo-information

Iscape construction


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ADEPT geo-information services (1/2)

Symbolic & textual information gazetteer (named places geographic coordinates)

– mappings between representations– reasoning about relations between representations

geo-ontology (vocabularies)– domain-specific (e.g., geospatial)– domain-independent (e.g., syntax)

thesaurus (hierarchical vocabularies & synonyms)– geographic terms and feature types– visual synonyms (e.g., texture and color)


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ADEPT geo-information services (2/2)

Visual information indexing the surface of the Earth

– smooth zoom from 10km to 1m integration and conflation

– merge, overlay, analyze multiple datasets datum and projection

– everything referenced to curved (not flat) Earth surface level-of-detail

– varies with focus and resolution of field-of-view

Integration of symbolic, textual & visual information


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ADEPT Iscapes

Distributed information resources

Information landscapes (Iscapes)

Visualization of Iscapes and resources

Distributed meta-information resources


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ADEPT Iscapes: construction & use (1/4)

Distributed, heterogeneous information resources

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Discovery of relevant information

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search & collect


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Extraction of meta-information enabling joint use

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extract & organize


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Visualization & use of information in Iscapes

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visualize & use


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ADEPT Iscapes: creation

Extraction of metadata from multi-modal information– segmentation and classification methods for search and retrieval

Models for describing heterogeneous repositories– semantic interoperability– procedures

Resource discovery using a multi-level approach– classification-based, multi-modal data

Distributed collaboration for building Iscapes– process coordination– cooperative workspaces


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ADEPT Iscapes: use

Dynamic generation of query plans– supporting meta-information schema evolution

Incremental query support– non-traditional data types and investigating Iscape consistency

Supporting flexible method application– geographically distributed servers– framework for transparent distributed access to objects

Visualizing Iscapes using the Digital Earth metaphor– supporting collaborative interactions


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ADEPT architecture

Holding Holding Holding Holding

VCAT CAT CAT GAZ

ClientRequestBroker

CoreGeo

Services

Catalogand

CollectionBuildingServices

SearchServices

DiscoveryServices

Procedures CollaborationServices

Visualize


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ADEPT scalability

Active Disks: scalable architecture for large datasets– processor and memory integrated into disk unit

Coordinated server clusters– strategies to minimize response time and maximize reliability

Market mechanisms– controlling scheduling and load balancing with market-place model

Efficient access and index structures– scalable techniques for improved spatial, image and text indexing

Archiving and preservation– symmetric multi-level storage & caching in heterogeneous systems

Secure areas of computation– smart-card authentication to control user access and privileges


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ADEPT application to learning

Initial application & evaluation of ADEPT undergraduate settings integrated with instructional development in science &

humanities classrooms at UCSB & UCLA extension to other environments (e.g., K–12)

Investigate: mental models (longitudinal studies)

– changes in users’ mental models of the system– do successful users develop different mental models

from unsuccessful users? performance with different interfaces (instructional studies)

– effect of the Digital Earth metaphor on users’ mental models?

outcomes in entire, real classrooms


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ADEPT evaluation approach

Assess: before/after mental models

– students will be asked to, e.g.: solve benchmark problem tasks predict results of sequence of user commands

student perceptions of how system functions Identify:

common misconceptions of the system systemic changes in users’ mental models while using

ADEPT design principles for improving interface metaphors ADEPT features that do/do not work in real classrooms


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Outline

Introduction & overview a motivating example

The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT




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Project organization

ADEPT

CDL

UCB

Stanford

SDSC

ADL Research Project Staffand Executive Committee

ADL Funded

Larry CarverMike FreestonNathan Freitas

Jim FrewMike Goodchild

Linda HillGreg Janee

Kevin LovetteMelissa Mullen

Terry SmithQi Zheng

ADL Operational LibraryU.C. Funded

Personnel

Administration (2 FTE)Systems - Networking (2)Database Maintence (1)Data Prep & Loading (2)

Cataloging (3)Patron Service (3)

Terry Smith - UCSBMike Goodchild - UCSB

A. Achrya - UCSBD. Agrawal - UCSBC. Borgman - UCLAL. Carver - UCSBJ. Frew - UCSB

R. Moore - UCSDR. Nideffer - UCI

A. Sheth - U of Georgia

Executive Committee

To be selected

Advisory Board

Greg JanéeQi ZhengLinda Hill

Kevin LovetteNathan FreitasMike Freeston

Prototype Team

Core geo-services - M. GoodchildIscape development - D. AgrawalSemantic interoperability & collaboration - A. ShethPresentation services development - R. NidefferSystems development - A. AgrawalPrototype development - J. FrewCollections development - L. CarverEvaluation & usability - C. BorgmanInterLib coordination - G. Janée

Research & Development Team Leaders

Research and Implementation Team


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Research plan (1/2)

Area Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year VGeospatial

informationservices

Indexing &gazetteer

Open GISintegration

Data conflationDatum & projection

Conflation &integration

Level-of-detailOntology services

User-centeredlevel-of-detail

Intellectual property& privacy

Evaluation andintegration

Iscapeconstructionservices

Language modelSystem modelPrototype supportVisual thesauriResource discovery

Domain-specificontologies

Languageimplementation

Semanticinteroperability

Multimediametadataextraction

Database supportIscape manipulationCollaboration

models

Multidimensionaldata models

Pattern discovery

Final prototypeEvaluation

Iscape use &visualization

Desktop UIResult visualizationCollaborative

explorationMobile objects

Handheld UIPersonalized

visualizationDistributed

collaboration

Immersive UI2

nd prototype

Platforminteroperability

Query plansIncremental queries

Distributedclassrooms

Applications outsideADEPT

Publish APIs3

rd prototype

Systemsscalability

Active Disks (AD)Server architectureBidding designSAC designScalable indexing

AD performanceDynamic serversStorage designDistance-metric

indicesSAC

implementation

AD safetySMP clustersBidding

implementationSAC evaluationSimilarity joins

AD integrationCaching & fault

toleranceTraffic monitoringContent-based

attributes

AD evolutionWAN task

schedulingIntegration and

evaluation

Learningevaluation

Needs analysisUsability study

designWorking prototype

test

Usability & learning evaluationInstruction & learning outcomes in geography, humanities &

social sciencesMajor design revisionsUsability & evaluation studies

Cumulativeevaluation

Analysis & writing


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Research plan (2/2)

Iterative development sequence of prototypes iterative incorporation of learning evaluation results

First year activity initial prototype within 9 months DL interface to Utrecht models incorporation into UCSB Geography courses

– virtual field course designing for courses in other departments


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InterLib research foci

InstitutionsThrust TopicUCB UCSB Stanford SDSC CDL

Access x xCollaboration x x

User

Presentation x x xAnalysis for access x x xCollection development x x

Collections

Collection management x xInteroperability protocols xArchitecture x x xPerformance x x x

Systems

Security x x xCommunication models x xPricing models x x

Social,economic

Educational strategies x x xFor education x xOf user services x

Evaluationmethodology

Situated understanding xInteroperability x x x x xEvaluation x x x x x

Testbed

Management x x


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Budget reduction scenarios

10% option 1: reduce activity in 5th year option 2: scale back all aspects of project

20% option 1: delete 5th year & reschedule goals option 2: curtail InterLib technology transfer component;

reduce activity of university partners; scale back various aspects of project

40% reduce/eliminate major dimensions of the project original project goals will be impossible to achieve


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Review issues & responses (1/2)

Project goal issues overly ambitious?

– ADL was ambitious, but achieved more than proposed Iscapes too complex?

– University of Georgia has developed basis undergraduate education only?

– extension to K–12 (SUNDIAL)

Conceptual issues Digital Earth metaphor?

– explained above clientele’s geographic ignorance?

– this is a continuing research area separability from InterLib?

– ADEPT is standalone, but stronger with InterLib


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Review issues & responses (2/2)

Team and experience issues GIS processing experience?

– NCGIA, DLI-1, Dutch GIS group archival experience?

– SDSC, UCLA interactions with Microsoft?

– past successful partnership

System issues collection building?

– underway in DLI-1; will extend single system?

– set of integrable tools construction strategy?

– iterative development, as in DLI-1


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Deliverables

Research results papers & presentations research testbed

– available to other researchers as well

Sequence of prototype systems tools for discovery, access, organization, visualization, use integrated, running systems at UCSB, UCLA, CDL, SDSC,… application & evaluation in classroom settings extensive collections

Software available for distribution (as is ADL under DLI-1)

Educational infrastructure

alexandria digital earth prototype (adept) digital library services in support of learning

Documents