algal blooms. water pollutant types of water pollution-chemicals etc. water borne diseases...
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Algal blooms
WATER POLLUTANT
• TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC.• WATER BORNE DISEASES• EUTROPHICATION• SEWAGE TREATMENT• OXYGEN SAG CURVE• BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION• SOLUTIONS
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Figure 12.3 Lake Chad 1973-2001
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Figure 12.5 Water BudgetATMOSPHERE
Contains 12,600 km3 of water
Evaporation
271 km3/dayAbout 1/4 of total globalprecipitation falls on land
Precipitation
989 km3/day
Most water flux occurs between theoceans and the atmosphere
888 km3/day
Precipitation
OCEANSContain 1,230,000,000 km3 of water
170 km3/dayMost of the rain that falls on land
evaporates back to the atmospherefrom land surfaces and plant leaves
(evapotranspiration).
LANDStreams, lakes, andgroundwater contain
4,124,200 km3of water
101 km3/day
Runoff andgroundwater
Disease organisms
• Typhoid-bacteria• Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba• Schistosomiasis worm• Polio-virus• Cholera-bacteria
WATER POLLUTION
• POLLUTANTS• DISEASE ORGANISMS• SEWAGE TREATMENT• OXYGEN SAG CURVE• EUTROPHICATION
BOD-BIOLOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
• EXPRESSED IN mgO2 per liter of H2O• Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up
organic chemical• Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of
295mgO2/l-influent• Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent
SEWAGE TREATMENT
• PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS
• SECONDARY TREATMENT• a. activated sludge• b. trickling filter• c. oxidation ponds
eutrophication
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGqZsSuG7ao
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&NR=1&v=XUCTif22IwQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arPqPoFOQUM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx6aj3U5Hp0
Algal blooms
Runoff from land
BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION
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DDT concentration: increaseof 10 million times
DDT in fish-eatingbirds 25 ppm
DDT in large fish2 ppm
DDT in small fish0.5 ppm
DDT in zooplankton0.04 ppm
DDT in water0.000003 ppm
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
DDT in large fish2 ppm
DDT in small fish0.5 ppm
DDT in zooplankton0.04 ppm
DDT in water0.000003 ppm