algal turf controller
TRANSCRIPT
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Heading
A L G A L T U R F S C R U B B E R
S Y S T E M S F O R
P O L L U T I O N
C O N T R O L
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SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION
HOW THE ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER SYSTEM WORKS
The ATS consists of a suitably
sloped substrate, typically plastic
geomembrane, overlain with an
at tachment grid , upon which
pollutan t- laden waters are discharged
and an algal turf is cultured.
W a v e s u r g e m o t i o n i s
incorporated into the headwaters of
the ATS to enhance the exchange
of metabolites between algal cells
and the water medium. Pulsed flow
is provided via a self-siphoning
surger.
The algal turf consists of dense
mats of small anatomically simple
algae less than several centimeters in
height.
As water travels down the
ATS, pollutants are recovered
through both biological and physical
processes.
Ca r b o n d i o x i d e , n i t r o g e n ,
phosphor us an d othe r el em en ts
necessary for metabolic growth are
rapidly removed from the water
column through biological uptake.
Removal of these compounds results
in water quality changes within the
ATS, including elevation of pH
concentrations.
E m p l o y i n g a p a t e n t e d
prec ipitat ion process, ATS sys tems
offer the benefit of low-cost
chemical precipitation of pollutants.
Through control of operating
parameters such as flow ra tes, micr o
and macro nutrients concentrations
and b iomass recovery ra t es ,
pollutan ts suc h as phosphorus are
prec ip itated on to the algal ce ll walls,
then recovered along with harvested
biomass, thereby fu rther enhanc ing
phosphorus trea tment capaci ty and
reducing system treatment costs.
Physical removal also occurs on
the ATS through particulate
trapping or filtration within the web
of algal filaments.
Critical to performance of the
ATS system, cultured algal
biomass is rout inely harves ted.
Routine recovery serves to optimize
pollutan t recovery, avoid succession
to macroalgae and macrophytes and
e l imina te long- t e rm l i ab i l i t i es
associated with on-site storage of
pollutan ts typica l of conven tiona l
treatment wetland systems.
PUMP STATION
BIOMASS PROCESSING AREA
EFFLUENT FLUME
INFLUENT FLUME
ATS SURGERS (TYP)
BIOMASS RECOVERY
STATION
SOURCE WATER
EFFLUENTRETURNLINE
ATS SURGER AND DISTRIBUTION
ATS surger and distribution systems provides
flow at linear hydraulic loading rates of 10
to20 gal lf-1 min-1
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BENEFITS OF THE ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER SYSTEM
HydroMent i a s Alga l Turf
Scrubber (ATS) technology was
developed by Dr. Walter Adey,
Director of Marine Laboratories at
the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Adey
d e v e l o p e d t h e A T S w h i l e
researching low nutrient ecological
systems at the Smithsonian.
Optimized for nutrient uptake and
pollutan t prec ip ita tion, the ATS
can reduce nitrogen and phosphorus
concentrations and loads while
requiring 90% to 99% less land than
comparab le t rea tmen t wet l and
systems.
Due to its small footprint and
s i m p l e a n d c o s t - e f f e c t i v e
construction, the ATS offers a
lower-cost alternative for nutrient
pol lu t ion control than e i ther
treatment wetlands or chemical
treatment.
In addition to recovery of excess
nitrogen and phosphorus, ATS
systems offer treatment for a wide
variety of toxic compounds including
metals and chlorinated compounds.
H y d r o M e n t i a s p r o p r i e t a r y
bi om as s ma na ge me nt te ch niqu es
allow cost-effective and efficient
recovery and management of the
algal biomass. Recovered biomass
can be readily processed into high
quality compost, organic fertilizer or
livestock feed, and in the future
biofuel.
T h r o u g h r e c o v e r y a n d
management of the biomass, the
ATS eliminates potential long-
term liabilities commonly associated
with systems that store captured
pollutan ts .
With over two decades of
research and commercial application,
the ATS offers proven and
sustainable treatment performance.
REDUCED LONG-TERM LIABILTIIES
MARKETABLE END PRODUCTS
PROVEN PERFORMANCE
LOW TREATMENT COSTS
REDUCED LAND REQUIREMENTS
A 2.5 acre ATS can provide nutrient control
for over 10 million gallons per day.
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0.01
0.10
1.00
0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
P Areal Removal Rate (g m-2
yr-1
)
TPOut(mgl-1)
S154 Second Stage (WHS Pretreatment, ATS-300', Ci=330-50 ppb)
EAA-Everglades (ATS-50', Ci=80-30 ppb)
S154 S ingle Stage (ATS-300', HLR=100 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
S154 S ingle Stage (ATS-300', HLR=200 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
S154 S ingle Stage (ATS-300', HLR=450 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0
P Loading Rate (g m-2
yr-1
)
PArealR
emovalRate(gm-2yr-
1)
S154 Second Stage (WHS Pretreatment, ATS-300', Ci=330-50 ppb)
EAA-Everglades (ATS -50', Ci=80-30 ppb)
S154 Single Stage (ATS-300', HLR=100 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
S154 Single Stage (ATS-300', HLR=200 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
S154 Single Stage (ATS-300', HLR=450 cm/d, Ci=300-80 ppb)
The Algal Turf Scrubber can be
designed and constructed to meet a
wide range of phosphorus control
objectives.
ATS units have been applied to
surface water runoff, agricultural and
municipal effluents with total
phospho rus concen trat ions ranging
from 80 to 8000 parts per billion
(ppb).
Whether your treatment objective
is reducing total phosphorus loads or
achieving a specif ic outf low
phosphorus concentrat ion, the ATS
system can be optimized to meet
your needs.
Capable of consistently and
r e l i a b l y r e d u c i n g p h o s p h o r u s
concentrations to below the most
stringent TMDL objectives, the
ATS is the ideal surface water
treatment technology.
Recen t advancement s have
resulted in significant increases in
areal removal rates even at relatively
l o w i n f l o w p h o s p h o r u s
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . C a p a b l e o f
recovering phosphorus at rates
greater than 1,000 lbs/acre-ATS/
yr, these advancements allow for
s ignif icant reduct ions in the
treatment facility footprint. The net
results are both lower capital and
operating costs for the ATS.
ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER PHOSPHORUS CONTROL
DESIGN ADVANCEMENTS
FLEXIBLE DESIGN
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0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
TNIN (ppb)
N
ArealRemovalRate(lbsacre1y
r1)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
N
ArealRemovalRate(gm-2y
r-1)
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - South(HLR =100 cm/day or 365 m/yr)
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - Central(HLR =450 cm/day or 1642 m/yr))
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - North(HLR =200 cm/day or 730 m/yr)
Total Nitrogen Inflow Concentrations Range from 1.1 to 2.7 mg/l
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
N Loading Rate (g m-2
yr-1
)
NA
realRemovalRate(lbsacre-1y
r-1)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
N
ArealRemovalRate(gm-2y
r-1)
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - South(HLR =100 cm/day or 365 m/yr)
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - North(HLR =200 cm/day or 730 m/yr)
S154 ATS Single Stage Floway - Central(HLR =450 cm/day or 1642 m/yr))
Total Nitrogen Inflow Concentrations Range from 1.1 to 2.7 mg/l
As with phosphorus, the Algal
Turf Scrubber can be designed and
constructed to meet a wide range of
nitrogen control objectives.
ATS units have been applied to
surface water runoff, agricultural and
municipal effluents with total
nitrogen concentrations ranging from
1 to 18 parts per million (ppm).
Whether your treatment objective
is to reduce your AWT effluent to
allow discharges to local source
waters or load reduction to meet the
new TMDL requirements, the ATS
system can be optimized to meet
your needs.
ATS systems are capable of
prov iding consis tent , cost -e ffec tive
nitrogen reduction, even with the
lower nitrogen concentrations often
present in su rface water runoff .
Designed to operate at high
Linear Hydraulic Loading Rates
(LHLR), high nitrogen areal removal
rates can be achieved for a wide
range of point and nonpoint source
a p p l i c a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g l a k e
restoration projects.
The result is that the ATS
offers the lowest cost treatment
technology for nitrogen control.
ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER NITROGEN CONTROL
LOAD VERSUS CONCENTRATION
LOW-LEVEL TREATMENT
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4.9 6.0 10.7
152.7
223.0
419.3
820.7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
PRemovalRate(lbs/acre-yr)
NaturalWetlands-WCA-2A
ConstructedWetlands-OrlandoEasterly
ConstructedWetlands-EvergladesSTAs
HMI-Two-StageWHS-ATS
HMI-SingleStageATS-HLR92cm/day
HMI-Single-StageATS-HLR157cm/day
HMI-Single-StageATS-HLR368cm/day
TREATMENT FACILITY LAND REQUIREMENTS
Biological treatment systems including
treatment wetlands and Managed Aquatic
Plant Systems (MAPS) have been
repeatedly shown to offer the lowest cost
alternatives for nonpoint source pollution
control. However, with these systems, land
requirements become a critical selection
factor, both in terms of overall costs and
land availability. For many of todays
applications, sufficient land simply is not
available for construction of a treatment
wetland system.
It is here that ATS system benefits
prov ide a dist inct advantage over trea tmen t
wetland systems. Operated at significantly
higher hydraulic loading rates, ATS
systems offer equivalent treatment
performance while requir ing a frac tion of
the land area.
Recent advancement have demonstrated
the versatility of the ATS system.
Operational data have shown that increases
in hydraulic loading rates of over 400%,
have resulted in minimal loss in percent
removal of priority pollutants.
Dependen t on p ro jec t spec i f i c
objectives, HydroMentias engineers can
design an ATS system to optimize
po l lu tant remova l whil e achi evi ng
d e s i g n a t e d o u t f l o w p o l l u t a n t
concentrations.
POLLUTANT AREAL REMOVAL RATES
COST-EFFECTIVE POLLUTANT RECOVERY
Comparative phosphorus areal removal rates
for ATS and treatment wetland systems
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COMPARATIVE TREATMENT COSTS
Pollutant control strategies for point
and nonpoint source pollution include a
wide variety of approaches including on-
site best management practices, chemical
treatment, fi l tration and biological
treatment. Selection of the best approach is
often determined based on treatment costs.
Treatment costs are reduced through
numerous benefits of the Algal Turf
Scrubber, including:
Small footprint
Reduced design costs
Fast construction
Simplified operation
Marketable by-products
Assessing phosphorus and nitrogen
control options using a 50-yr present worth
cost shows the clear cost savings that can
be achieved when using the ATS system.
With both lower initial capital costs and
long-term present worth costs, the ATS
technology saves money, both short and
long-term.
Not include d in re fe renced costs are
the potential revenues generated by the
sale of the high quality organic fertilizer/
compost product produced from the ATS
operation. Bulk sales of high-quality
organic fertilizers can exceed $50/ton. A
typical ATS operation produces 50 to
100 tons of organic fertilizer per ton of
pho sphorus recovere d. In the futu re,
bio fuel production may of fe r even grea ter
revenue generation potential.
LOW COST POLLUTANT CONTROL
BY-PRODUCT VALUES
$62.00
$28.68
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
$60.00
$70.00
50-yrPresentW
orthCost($/lbP-Removed)
Treatment Wetland Algal Turf Scrubber
[1] HydroMentia. April 2005. Single Stage Algal Turf Scrubber Present Worth Cost & By-Product Market
Analysis. (TP IN=200 ppb, TPOUT=146ppb, 27.0% Removal, 56,000 AF/yr, P umping Costs Included)
[2] USACE, SFWMD, HDR. October 2003. Lake Okeechobee Watershed Project Draft PIR, Water Quality
Treatment Ranking (TPIN=261 ppb, TPOUT=100 ppb, 61.6% Removal, 97,500 AF/yr)
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BIOMASS MANAGEMENT AND PROCESSING
T o r e d u c e o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ,
HydroMentia developed a proprietary
technique for recovering algal biomass in
which process water conveys severed
biomass to a centra l harvesting stat ion .
A four-wheel all terrain vehicle or
tractor with attached implement is used to
sever algal biomass from the growing
matrix. The severed material is then
conveyed via process water to a receiving
flume, where it is recovered by an
automatic rake at a centralized harvesting
station.
These design efficiencies allow a
single operator to recover biomass from
approximately one acre of ATS in less
than one hour. With algal biomass
recovery scheduled once every 7 to 14
days, minimal labor is required to maintain
the ATS at optimal performance.
Recovered material is conveyed to a
bunker or transpor t trai ler, where it is
available for further processing.
High in nutrient content, algal biomass
can be processed into a high-grade organic
fertilizer/compost, livestock feed or
biofuel.
Organic fertilizer produced within
ATS systems are suitable for a broad
range of fertilizer markets. As a livestock
feed, processed algae is typically 20 to
30% crude protein, offering a protein-rich
high quality feed ingredient for the
massive U.S. agricultural market
Currently in development are systems
for processing the conversion of algal
biomass to energy products , including
biodiesel and ethanol .
EFFICIENT BIOMASS RECOVERY
COST- EFFECTIVE PROCESSING
MAPSoil Typical Analysis
Nitrogen (N) 2.0Phosphorus (P2O5) 1.0Potassium(K2O) 0.5Sulfur (S) 0.2%Calcium (Ca) 1.5%Magnesium (Mg) 0.25%Moisture 40%
End products made from the harvested algae include compost (above),
livestock feed and biofuel (below).
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Serving as an artificial kidney,
ATS units can be designed to
recover incoming pollutant loads to
meet TMDL mandates while reducing
nutrient pollutants stored within lake
sediments.
The net result is a reduction of
in-lake nutrient concentrations,
improved water clarity, and enhanced
li t toral zone communities and
fisheries.
Short start-up periods allow the
ATS to operate on a seasonal basis
for reduced operational costs, or for
application in northern climates.
nutrient discharges. As the lowest-
cost al ternat ives for nutr ient
recovery, ATS systems are well
suited for agricultural applications.
Due to the rapid rate of algae
production and recovery wi thin the
ATS unit, trace metals present in
source waters may be incorporated
into recovered biomass. Many of
these trace metals serve as necessary
and valuable micronutrients for algal
g rowth . Recovered f rom the
treatment system and processed as an
organic fertilizer/compost, these
trace elements become a beneficial
resource.
Applied to industrial wastes, a
high-production, high-pH scrubber
unit can effectively recover, through
algal uptake and precipitation, a wide
variety of organic and inorganic
compounds.
ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER APPLICATIONS
ATS APPLICATIONS
Stormwater TreatmentPhosphorus
Nitrogen
Tertiary TreatmentNutrients
AgriculturalCAFO
Runoff
IndustrialNutrients
MetalsLake Restoration
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF METALS
BROAD RANGE OF APPLICATIONS
ATS offers cost savings for a
broad range of water trea tmen t
applications.
Nonpo in t source appl icat ions that
involve nutrient pollutants are
especially well-suited for the ATS
with the systems capacity to treat
large volumes of water contaminated
with relatively low concentrations of
pol lutants. ATS systems can be
designed to meet the most stringent
of TMDL objectives.
ATS offers an exci t ingopportunity for advanced treatment
of domestic wastewaters. Since
water i s a l imi ted resource
throughout the country, secondary or
tertiary treated wastewater can be
polished with an ATS unit , making
the water clean enough to be
discharged to local surface waters.
This eliminates the need for disposal
via deep well injection and spray
irrigation.
ATS serves as an agricultural
solution to an agricultural problem
STORMWATER RUNOFF
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
AGRICULTURAL
LAKE RESTORATION
30 MGD Aquaculture Facility located in
Okeechobee, Florida
GEOGRAPHIC OPPORTUNITIES
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HYDROMENTIA, INC.
Post Office Box 367
Ocala, Florida 34478
352.237.6762 telephone
352.237.0944 facsimile
www.hydromentia.com
A L G A L T U R F S C R U B B E R
S Y S T E M S F O R
P O L L U T I O N
C O N T R O L
U S Patent Nos 4 333 263 ; 4 966 096 ; 5 097 795 ; 5 715 774 ; 5 778 823 ; 5 851 398 ; 6 572 770