algeria vs. kenya - decolonization
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DECOLONIZATION
Algeria vs. Kenya
Algeria: Before Colonization
Part of Roman Empire300 years under Ottoman
Rule Berber people
indigenous people Spread of Islam and the coming
of the Arab
•North Africa•Large Arab population
Algeria
Algeria: Colonization
1830-19621830 – French army
invaded AlgeriaIncrease tradeSpread French culture
and religion Exploited agricultural
resources“Settler Colony”
Algeria: Decolonization
Influential leader: Ahmed Ben Bella assumed power
Non – Aligned Movement Single Party State(FLN)Independence: Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)Protracted negotiations led to a cease-fire
signed by France and FNL: March 8,1962
Gained its independence July 3,1962
Kenya: Before Colonization
1st century AD Arab traders Arab and Persian colonies established
Portuguese arrived in 1498 Islamic control under the Imam of Omam in 1600
Berlin Conference 1885Bristish Government founded:
East African Protectorate in 1895
Kenya
Borders the Indian Ocean in East Africa
Port City Links with
Middle East and Asia
Kenya:Colonization
Under Bristish control for sixty-eight year
Bristish colony in 1920-1963 Production of tea and
coffe Built homes and
large plantations “Settler Colony”
Kenya:Decolonization
Influential leader Jomo Kyenatta
Mau Mau resistance against British colonial power Lasted for 7 years Assassinated government supporters
British government detained more than a 100,000 Kikuyu British was successful in ending the conflict
Negotiated independence Ensuring a close relationship Political settlement
Gained its independence December 12,1963
Similarities: violent resistance
Kenya Mau Mau Resistance (1952-
1960) against Bristish power 11,000 Africans dead Cause a split between
European Colonias in KenyaAlgeria
Resistance Movements: FLN (National Liberation Front)
Battle of Algeriers Terrorist tactics
ALN (National Liberation Army) Guerrilla warfare
Battle of Algiers
World System’s Theory
Algeria vs. Kenya: World System’s Theory
Both semi-periphery Sub-imperial Kenya
Capitalist regimes in Africa Dependent development to integrate into the world
economy Algeria dependent development on Britain
Springhall
Metropolitan Nationalist Internationalist
Explanations for decolonization in Africa
Algeria Kenya
Nationalist Decolonization in Algeria was a result of nationalist Resistance Movements:-FLN-ALN
Decolonization was achieved through Mau Mau revolt, in which was accomplished by Kenyans population National movements.
Metropolitan World War I - Forced colonizers to fight World War II -Government moved to Algeria
WWI-Kenya was military base for Britain-British negotiated with Jomo Kenyatta to make Kenya one of the most stable countries, also establishing close relationship.
Internationalist Cold War USA did not support French power over Algeria, was focusing in USSR spread of Communism
Due to the context of the Cold War made difficult for British maintain its colonies since the main objective was to avoid the spread of communism, and not preserve an empires.
Algeria KenyaGayatri Spivak: “The subaltern has no voice”.
PROVED WORGThe subaltern has voiceNationalist movements successful Non-Aligned
PROVED WRONGThe subaltern has voiceRise above British colonizers
Benedict Anderson: “Imagined communities” – Nationalism based on language
PROVED WRONG Based on religion FNL in AlgeriaBattle of Algiers (1956-1957) -
PROVED WRONGBased on ethic lines/ tribes- Kiyuku
Fanon: “Nationalism is a paradoxical to liberation”.
Supported Algerian violence-FNL
Mau Mau Revolt – Kiyuku population started-British government was successful in the conflict
Elie Kedourie:“Nationalism was essentially a European phenomenon, carried around the world by colonial circumstances
PROVED RIGHTNationalism was propagate in Algeria due to French influences
PROVED RIGHTNationalism was a result of western influences in Kenya - British
A.G Hopkins: “Decolonization must be understood broadly as a process of globalization”.
PROVED RIGHTThe conjecture of events of WWI,WWII, Cold War, and the creation of UN – led to parallel national movements in Algeria that led to decolonization.
PROVED RIGHTThe conjecture of events of WWI,WWII, Cold War, and the creation of UN – led to parallel national movements in Kenya that led to decolonization.
Post Colonialism: Algeria and Kenya
Algeria Boumédienne assumed power Authoritarian government Non-Aligned
Kenya Jomo Kenyatta → Prime
Minister Totalitarian leader