alina alvarez ieee uruguay section
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- TEP - St Petersburg. 2 October, 2009. Alina Alvarez IEEE Uruguay Section. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Alina AlvarezIEEE Uruguay Section
- TEP - St Petersburg 2 October, 2009
METHODOLOGIES THAT WORKED
1. BEFORE THE 1960`s Behaviorism
2. AFTER THE 1960´s
3. KEY ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TEP PROGRAM FOR NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
4. METHODOLOGY AND CULTURE
• LANGUAGE IS TREATED AT SENTENCE LEVEL
• KEY SKILLS ARE READING AND GRAMMAR
• STUDENTS BUILD ON TRANSLATION SKILLS
• ALMOST ALL THE TEACHING OCCURS IN L1
• THERE IS LITTLE OR NON-SPOKEN COMMUNICATION IN L2
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD
DIRECT METHOD ( end of XIX century)
• FAVORED TEACHER AND STUDENTS SPEAKING TOGETHER • RELATED GRAMMATICAL FORMS TO OBJECTS AND PICTURES • ONLY L2 WAS USED IN THE CLASSROOM
• INPUT STUDENTS RECEIVE = INTAKE THEY ABSORB
READING APROACH (1920-1940)
• EMPHASIS WAS PUT ON: READING SKILLS
•READING COMPREHENSION IS THE ONLY LANGUAGE SKILL EMPHASIZED
•TRANSLATION IS RESPECTABLE CLASSROOM PROCEDURE
AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD (1940,1950, 1960)
LANGUAGE LEARNING IS GOVERNED BY:
- HABIT FORMATION
- CONSTANT REPETITION OF CORRECT UTTERANCES SUPPORTED BY REINFORCEMENT.
- MEMORIZATION
Presentation
Practice
Production
COGNITIVE APPROACH - LANGUAGE IS VIEWED AS RULE ACQUISITION
- I WANT TO MAKE MY OWN DECISIONS- I WANT TO EXPLORE AND DISCOVER
HUMANISTIC APPROACH- MY FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS ARE SO IMPORTANT!- I WANT TO GROW IN SELF-AWARENESS AND IN UNDERSTANDING OTHERS - I WANT TO BE AN ACTIVE LEARNER
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH- COMMUNICATE TO OTHERS WHAT YOU THINK AND FEEL- ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN SOCIAL AND WORKING RELATIONSHIPS- MAKE SUGGESTIONS TO OTHERS AND EVALUATE OTHERS´ IDEAS
2- AFTER 1960
CONSCIOUS LEARNING
SUBCONSCIOUS LEARNING
VS
KRASHEN AND TERREL (1983)
ADULTS DEVELOP COMPETENCE IN A SECOND LANGUAGE THROUGH:
ACQUISITION which is a subconscious process
LANGUAGE LEARNING conscious knowledge of the second language
SUBCONSCIOUS ACQUISITION
Motivation
Self- confidence Anxiety
Low affective filter
THE AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS
input + 1
THE INPUT HYPOTHESIS
For acquisition to occur, the acquirer must understand the meaning of the message (not concentrate on the form) by relying on their
knowledge of the world and the context situation.
THE MONITOR HYPOTHESIS
Acquisition initiates our utterances and is responsible for our fluency.Learning has the function of "monitor" or "editor“. It requires time , focus on form, and knowing the rule.
Language acquisition of grammatical structures has a certain predictable order
NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS
LEARNING IS MEDIATED BY SOCIAL INTERACTION EACH INDIVIDUAL LEARNS DISTINCTIVELY PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND PAST EXPERIENCES ARE IMPORTANT TO MAKE SENSE OF NEW SITUATIONS LANGUAGE PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS MUST BE PROMOTED LANGUAGE SKILLS ARE CRITICAL IN THE CREATION OF MEANING ZPD
LEV VYGOTSKI(1896 – 1934)
3. KEY ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TEP PROGRAM FOR NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
ON-GOING NEEDS ANALYSIS TO ASSESS PRESENT SITUATION
STATE COURSE OBJECTIVES CLEARLY
ON-GOING ASSESSMENT TO DESIGN A ROUTE MAP TO REACH THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES
STATE PREFERRED METHODOLOGIES
DETERMINE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
DETERMINE TOOLS OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
WHAT DETERMINES THE SUCCESS OF A TEP?
STEP 1
Who are your learners?
Which are thespecific
objectives of the course?
What is the teachers´
profile needed for
this program?
Which other professional
should be part of the TEP team?
Who are your learners ?
Which are their strengths and areas of improvement in English ?
Which are their background experiences ?
What interests do they have ?
Which are their talents and their passions , and values ?
“ A thought which has not penetrated to other minds, will die unfruitful”
Quoted in Steve Aaronson “Style in Scientific Writing”
Which are the specific objectives of the course?Implement a needs analysis
Skills-basedLanguage-basedContent-based
Competency-basedProficiency based
Through observation, interviews, questionnaires, content analysis, job description, role plays, tests, etc.
Determine in which settings the learners will use the language.
“The 21st century skill is to be able to follow one´s own passion (s) as one´s own ability allows”
Marc Prensky
“A scientist can not go voyaging through strange seas of thought alone”
John R. Platt
The teaching team should work together to nurture their potentials towards the achievement of a common goal.
Team up efficiently to reach a consensus on:
The teaching approach, The curriculum development The syllabus designThe assessment measures and tests Resources available to expand students potentialsTime for preparation, peer teacher, peer observation
Which other professionals should be part of the TEP team? •Administrative Coordinator
•Possibly a Section volunteer •A Teacher of English
•Possibly as the TEP Educational Coordinator
•Professors of Electrical and Computer Engineering
•For topical lectures and exercises in their fields of interest
METHODOLOGICAL CULTURE
Alina [email protected]
THANK YOU !