alkali metals
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Different information on Alkali MetalsTRANSCRIPT
Alkali Metals
By: Andrea Foster, Blessed Seneh, Damien Fralin
Alkali Metals Group 1 elements of Alkali Metals are:
Symbol Electron Configuration
lithium Li [He]2s1
sodium Na [Ne]3s1
potassium K [Ar]4s1
rubidium Rb [Kr]5s1
cesium Cs [Xe]6s1
francium Fr [Rn]7s1
Lithium
State of matter- Solid
Protons-3
Electrons-3
Neutrons-4
Melting point: 180.54 C
Boiling point: 1342 C
Atomic mass: 6.941
Atomic structure:
Atomic radii: 145
Ionic radii: 2+ ion
Electronegativity: 0.98
Ionization energy: 8.64
Valence electrons: 1
Lewis Structure:
Lithium is a metal and a solid, it turns into a liquid at
453.69 K
Sodium
State of matter: Solid Metal
Protons: 11
Electrons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Atomic mass: 22.989768
Melting point: 97.81 C
Boiling point: 882.9 C
Atomic structure:
Atomic radii: 186 pm
Ionic radii: 2+ ion
Electronegativity: 0.93
Ionization energy: 495.8 kJ mol-1
Valence electrons: 1
Lewis structure:
Solid at room temperature, melts around 157 degrees F.
Flammable and highly reactive.
Potassium
State of matter: Solid metal
Protons:19
Electrons:19
Neutrons:20
Atomic Mass: 39.0983
Melting Point: 63.65 C
Boiling Point: 774.0 C
Atomic Structure:
Atomic Radii: 0.227
Ionic Radii: 0.133
Electronegativity: 0.82
Ionization Energy 1st- 419 kJ mol-1
Valence Electrons: 1
Lewis Structure:
Potassium is solid at room temperature (20
degrees C). It melts (turns to liquid) at 63 degrees
and boils (turns to gas) at 760 degrees.
Rubidium
State of matter: Solid Metal
Protons: 37
Electrons: 37
Neutrons: 48
Atomic mass: 85.4675
Melting Point: 38.89 C
Boiling Point: 688.0 C
Atomic Structure:
Atomic Radii :24
Ionic Radii: (1+ion) 166
Electronegativity: 0.82
Ionization Energy 1st: 403 kJ mol-1
Valence Electrons: 1
Lewis Structure:
Rb•
Rubidium is a solid in room temperature. It melting
point is 39 degrees C. This is a little hotter than 102
degrees F.
Francium
State of matter: solid metal
Protons: 87
Electrons: 87
Neutrons: 136
Atomic Mass: 223.0 amu
Melting Point: 27.0 C
Boiling Point: 677.0 C
Atomic Structure:
Atomic radii: 250 pm
Ionic radii: 194 pm
Electronegativity: 0.7 (Pauling)
Ionization energy 1st: 384 KJ mol -1
Valence electrons: 1
Lewis structure:
Francium is a solid at 22-25 degrees C and turns into a
liquid at 50 degrees C.
Cesium
State of Matter: Solid Metal
Protons: 55
Electrons: 55
Neutrons: 78
Atomic Mass: 132.90546 amu
Melting Point: 28.5 C
Boiling Point: 678.4 C
Atomic Structure:
Atomic Radius: 260 pm
Ionic Radius: 181 pm (1+ion)
Electronegativity: 0.79
Ionization energy: 375.7 kJ mol -1
Valence electrons: 1
Lewis structure: Cesium as one electron on the top of it
Cesium is a metal that turns into a liquid in room temp.
Trends The word “Alkali” comes from comes from the Arabic word
meaning “Ashes”
As we move down the group Lithium from Francium we find the following
trends:
All melting points decrease
The density increases
The atomic radius increases
The ionization energy decreases
All have single electrons in an “s” valence orbital
The alkali metals are very reactive, readily losing 1 electron to form an ion with a 1+ charge.
The alkali metals are found in nature only as compounds. The alkali metals combine directly with most nonmetals:
They react with hydrogen to form solid hydrides:
2M(s) + H2(g) -> 2MH(s)
React with chlorine to form solid chlorides:
2M(s) + Cl2(g) -> 2MCl(s)
React with sulfur to form solid sulfides:
2M(s) + S(s) -> M2S(s)
Alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen gas and alkali metal
hydroxides (very exothermic)
Credits
www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cs.html
www.chemicol.com/elements/cesium.html
www.webelements.com>caesium
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