all about sentence parts (and why you care) take notes on this: define “clause” define...
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All About Sentence Parts (and why you care)
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Take Notes on this:
•Define “clause”
•Define “phrase”
•Define and differentiate 2 types of clauses
•Identify and give examples of 2 types of conjunctions
•Define and write examples of 3 sentence types
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Clauses and Phrases
both are groups of words
A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb
A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb
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Clauses and Phrases
A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb
A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb
Americans must be on time for everything
on time
for everything
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Clause or Phrase?
walking on the shore
Loudly called his name
With yellow and red polka dots
It was
Americans with power
They care too much
P
P
P
P
C
C
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Clauses
Clauses are the essential building blocks of sentences
The number of clauses in a sentence determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence.
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ClausesThe number of clauses in a sentences determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence
1 clause
= Simple sentence
=American must be on time for everything
0 clause
must be on time for everything
Fragment==
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Types of Clauses
independent dependent
Can stand alone as a sentence
Cannot stand alone as a sentence
Ex: Americans love their freedom.
Ex: because Americans love their freedom.
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Dependent Clauses
Subordinate clauses
Start with a subordinating conjunction
EX: because, while, although, as,
so that,
Relative Clauses
Start with a relative pronoun
Ex: that, which, who
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Dependent or Independent ?
Americans value material goods
that in some countries, tradition is more important than it is in America
who consider hard work more valuable than inheritance
Time matters
independent
dependent
dependent
independent
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Conjunctions
Connect sentence parts
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so
Although, because, so that, if,
since
Connect equal parts Connect unequal parts
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Compare Subordination and Coordination
Coordination
We care about our country, but we care more about individual rights
Subordination
Although we care about our country, we care more about individual rights Two INDEPENDENT
clauses carry equal grammatical weight
Subordinate clause carries LESS grammatical weight
than independent clause
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Sentence types
Simple Sentence
One independent
clauseAmericans value work.Generally,
hard
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Sentence types
Compoun
d
Sentence
Two (or more) independent
clauses
Americans value work, and they value its rewards.
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Sentence types
Complex
Sentence
One (or more) independent
clause(s) and one (or more) dependent
clause(s)
Since Americans value hard work,
they also value its rewards.
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Finding the Subject
•The subject of the sentence is in the INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
•The subject of the sentence cannot be in a prepositional phrase
•A compound sentence will have more than one subject.
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Finding the Subject
•Around my house my mother is the Queen.S
,
•When it snows we warm up her car and
we scrape all the snow off of it. S
S ,,
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Punctuating Using Clauses
I C +, + I C = Comma Splice
I C = I ndependent ClauseSimple Sentence (SS)
I C + I C = Run On (BAD)
(BAD)
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Punctuating Using Clauses
IC +, FB + IC CS = Compound SentenceGood!
IC + ; IC CS = Compound Sentence
Good!
My mother loves us, and we love her.
My mother loves us; we love her.
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Punctuating Using Clauses
SC = subordinate clause
SC+, + ICComplex Sentence
CXGOOD!
IC + SCComplex Sentence
CXGOOD!
Although she is young, she is wise.
She is wise although she is young
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Punctuating Using Clauses
I C+RC+SC = Complex Sentence(CX)
SC+, I C+ RC = Complex
Sentence (CX)
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Punctuating Using Clauses
Words or phrases before the subject that are not PART of the subject are separated from the subject with a comma
Even though she is working a lot, at
8:00 am she will arrive on time and ready for her class.
,
,
On Labor Day we will not have class.S
S