QuestionAnswer

Trapezius: Origin  External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes  

Upper Trapezius: Insertion   Lateral third of clavicle, acromion  

Middle Trapezius: Insertion   Spine of scapula  

Lower Trapezius: Insertion   Root of spine of scapula  

Upper Trapezius: Action   Elevation, Upward Rotation  

Middle Trapezius: Action   Retraction  

Lower Trapezius: Action   Depression, Upward Rotation  

Trapezius: Nerve   Cranial XI and branches of C3, 4 via Accessory Nerve  

Latissimus Dorsi: Origin  Thoracolumbar aponeurosis; lower 6 thoracic spinous processes; Sacrum and iliac crest; Lower 3-4 ribs; Inferior angle of scapula  

Latissimus Dorsi: Insertion   Bicipetal groove of humerus  

Latissimus Dorsi: Action   Extension, adduction, medial rotation of humerus  

Latissimus Dorsi: Nerve   C 6, 7, 8 via Thoracodorsal Nerve  

Teres Major: Origin   Inferior angle of scapula; Lower third of axillary border of scapula  

Teres Major: Insertion   Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus  

Teres Major: Action   Extension, adduction, medial rotation of humerus  

Teres Major: Nerve   C5, 6 via lower Subscapular Nerve  

Teres Minor: Origin   Upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula  

Teres Minor: Insertion   Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)  

Teres Minor: Action   Extension, lateral rotation of humerus  

Teres Minor: Nerve   C5, 6 via Axillary Nerve  

Levator Scapula: Origin   C1-4 transverse processes  

Levator Scapula: Insertion   Vertebral border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine  

Levator Scapula: Action   Elevation, downward rotation of scapula  

Levator Scapula: Nerve   C5 and branches of C3, 4 via Dorsal Scapular Nerve  

Rhomboid Minor: Origin   C7 and T1 spinous processes  

Rhomboid Minor: Insertion   Root of spine of scapula  

Rhomboids: Action   Retraction, downward rotation of scapula  

Rhomboids: Nerve   C5 via Dorsal Scapular Nerve  

Rhomboid Major: Origin   T2-T5 spinous processes  

Rhomboid Major: Insertion   Vertebral border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle  

Supraspinatus: Orignin   Supraspinous fossa of scapula  

Supraspinatus: Insertion   Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)  

Supraspinatus: Action   Abduction of humerus; stabilization of head of humerus  

Supraspinatus: Nerve   C5, 6 via Suprascapular Nerve  

Infraspinatus: Origin   Infraspinous fossa of scapula  

Infraspinatus: Insertion   Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)  

Infraspinatus: Action   Extension, lateral rotation of humerus  

Subscapularis: Origin   Subscapular fossa of scapula  

Subscapularis: Insertion   Lesser tubercle of humerus  

Subscapularis: Action   Adduction, medial rotation of humerus  

Subscapularis: Nerve   C5, 6 via Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve  

Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Origin  

Medial half of clavicle  

Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Origin  

Sternum, cartilages of upper 6 ribs  

Pectoralis Major: Insertion   Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus  

Pectoralis Major (both heads): Action Adduction, horizontal adduction, medial roation of humerus  

Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Action  

Flexion of humerus  

Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Action  

Extension of humerus from a flexed position  

Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Nerve  

C5, 6, 7 via Lateral Pectoral Nerve  

Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Nerve  

C8, T1 via Medial Pectoral Nerve  

Pectoralis Minor: Origin   Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5 near costal cartilages  

Pectoralis Minor: Insertion   Coracoid process of scapula (on medial border of superior surface)  

Pectoralis Minor: Action   Protraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula  

Pectoralis Minor: Nerve   C8, T1 via Medial Pectoral Nerve  

Serratus Anterior: Origin   Outer surface of upper 8 ribs (by finger like strips)  

Serratus Anterior: Insertion   Vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface)  

Serratus Anterior: Action   Proraction, upward rotation of scapula; stabilizes scapula against chest wall  

Serratus Anterior: Nerve   C5, 6, 7 via Long Thoracic Nerve  

Deltoids (Anterior): Origin   Lateral third of clavicle  

Deltoids (Middle): Origin   Lateral acromion  

Deltoids (Posterior): Origin   Spine of scapula  

Deltoids: Insertion   Deltoid tuberosity of humerus  

Deltoids (Anterior): Action   Flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus  

Deltoids (Middle): Action   Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees  

Deltoids (Posterior): Action   Extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation of humerus  

Deltoids: Nerve   C5, 6 via Axillary Nerve  

Triceps Brachii (Long Head): Origin   Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula  

Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head): Origin  

Posterious humerus above spiral groove  

Triceps Brachii (Medial Head): Origin  

Posterior humerus below spiral groove  

Triceps Brachii: Insertion   Olecranon process of ulna  

Triceps Brachii: Action   Extension of elbow; Long Head: Extension of humerus  

Triceps Brachii: Nerve   C7, 8 via Radial Nerve  

Biceps Brachii (Short Head): Origin   Corocoid process of scapula  

Biceps Brachii (Long Head): Origin   Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula  

Biceps Brachii: Insertion   Tuberosity of radius; bicipital aponeurosis  

Biceps Brachii: Action   Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm; Short Head: flexion of humerus  

Gluteus Maximus: Origin  Posterior sacrum; Ilium (via ligamentous sheath); Superior gluteal line of Ilium  

Gluteus Maxiumus: Insertion   Gluteal tuberosity of femur; Iliotibial tract (continues to lateral condyle of

tibia)  

Gluteus Maximus: Action  Extension of femur at hip; Lateral rotation of hip; (primary anti-gravity muscle)  

Gluteus Maximus: Nerve   L5, S1, 2 via Inferior Gluteal Nerve  

Gluteus Medius: Origin   Iliac crest, ilium between superior and middle gluteal lines  

Gluteus Medius: Insertion   Greater trochanter of femur  

Gluteus Medius: Action   Abduction of femur at hip; Anterior Fibers: medial rotation of femur at hip  

Gluteus Medius: Nerve   L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve  

Gluteus Minimus: Origin   Posterior Ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines  

Gluteus Minimus: Insertion   Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur  

Gluteus Minimus: Action   Abduction, medial rotation of femur at hip  

Gluteus Minimus: Nerve   L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve  

Tensor Fasciae Latae: Origin   Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS)  

Tensor Fasciae Latae: Insertion   Iliotibial tract (which continues to attach to lateral condyle of tibia)  

Tensor Fascia Latae: Action  Assists abduction, medial rotation, flexion of femur at hip and extension of knee; Prevents collaps of extended knee in amulation  

Tensor Fasciae Latae: Nerve   L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve  

Sartorius: Origin   Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)  

Sartorius: Insertion   Upper medial shaft of tibia  

Sartorius: Action  Assists flexion, aduction, lateral rotation of femur at hip; Assists flexion, medial rotation of knee ("tailor position")  

Longest muscle in body?   Sartorius  

Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris): Origin Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine  

Quadriceps (all): Insertion   Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament  

Quadriceps (all): Action   Extension of knee; Rectus Femoris: Assists flexion of femur at hip  

Quadriceps (all): Nerve   L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve  

Quadriceps (Vastus Medialis): Origin Linea aspera on posterior femur  

Quadriceps (Vastus Lateralis): Origin Linea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femur  

Quadriceps (Vastus Intermedius): Origin  

Anterior and lateral femoral shaft  

Pectineus: Origin   Anterior pubis  

Pectineus: Insertion   Posterior femur between lesser trochanter and linea asperea  

Pectineus: Action   Flexion of femur at hip; assists in adduction of femur at hip  

Pectineus: Nerve   L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve  

Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Origin  

Anterior pubis  

Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Insertion  

Linea aspera on posterior femur  

Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Action  

Adduction of femur at hip; Assists in flexion of hip  

Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Nerve L3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve  

Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Origin  

Inferior ramus of pubis  

Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Origin  

Ischial tuberosity and ramus of ischium  

Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Linea aspera of femur  

Insertion  

Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Insertion  

Adductor tubercle of femur  

Adductor Magnus (both heads): Action  

Adduction of femur at hip  

Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Action  

Assists flexion and medial rotation of femur at hip  

Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Action  

Assists extension and lateral rotation of femur at hip  

Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Nerve  

L2, 3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve  

Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Nerve  

L4, 5, S1, 2, 3 via Sciatic Nerve  

Most superficial and medial hip adductor?  

Gracilis  

Gracilis: Origin   Inferior ramus of anterior pubis  

Gracilis: Insertion   Medial proximal tibia  

Gracilis: Action  Adduction of femur at hip; Assists flexion and medial rotation of flexed knee  

Gracilis: Nerve   L2, 3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve  

Muscles of hamstrings?   Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembanosus  

Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Origin Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera  

Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Insertion  

Head of fibula (lateral aspect)  

Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Action Both heads: Flexion of knee, latereral rotation of flexed knee; Long Head: Extension of hip  

Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Nerve  Long Head: S1, 2, 3 via Sciatic Nerve (tibial division); Short Head: L5, S1, 2 via Sciatic Nerve (peroneal division)  

Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Origin  

Ischial tuberosity  

Hamstrings (Semitendinosis): Insertion  

Anterior proximal tibial shaft  

Hamstrings (Semimembranosis): Insertion  

Posterior medial tibial condyle  

Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Action  

Extension of hip; flexion of knee; medial rotation of flexed knee  

Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Nerve  

L5, S1, 2 via Sciatic Nerve  

Gastrocnemius: Origin  Medial Head: medial epicondyle of femur; Lateral Head: lateral epicondyle of femur  

Gastrocnemius: Insertion   Calcaneus via tendo Achilles  

Gastrocnemius: Action   Plantarflexion of ankle *or* Assists flexion of knee  

Gastrocnemius: Nerve   S1, 2 via Tibial Nerve  

Soleus: Origin   Soleal line of tibia, posterior and upper shaft of fibula  

Soleus: Insertion   Calcaneus via tendo Achilles  

Soleus: Action   Plantarflextion of ankle  

Soleus: Nerve   S1, 2 via Tibial Nerve  

Muscles of triceps surae?   Gastrocnemius (both heads) and Soleus  

Plantaris: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of femur  

Plantaris: Insertion   Calcaneus via tendo Achilles  

Plantaris: Action   Assists plantarflexion of ankle; Assists flexion of knee  

Plantaris: Nerve   L4, 5, S1 via Tibial Nerve  

Most superficial muscle on back?   Trapezius  

Widest muscle on back?   Latissimus Dorsi  

Synergistic w/Latissimus Dorsi?   Teres Major  

Synergistic w/Teres Major?   Latissimus Dorsi  

Powerful extensor of humerus active in swimming or chopping w/axe?  

Latissimus Dorsi  

Muscles of rotatator cuff?   Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis  

With trapezius, shrugs shoulders?   Levator Scapula  

When paired, form "Christmas tree" shape due to oblique downward fibers?  

Rhomboids  

Forms anterior wall of axilla?   Pectoralis Major  

Strongest protractor of scapula (upper cut punch in boxing)?  

Serratus Anterior  

Only muscle on posterior arm?   Triceps brachii  

Primary anti-gravity muscle; used in rising from seated and climbing stairs?  

Gluteus Maximus  

Membrane surrounding thigh?   Fasciae Latae  

Thickening of lateral aspect of fasciae latae?  

Iliotibial tract (band)  

Four large anterior muscles that extend knee?  

Quadriceps  

Largest, deepest hip adductor?   Adductor Magnus  

Sternocleidomastoid: Origin   Sternal Head: manubrium of sternum; Clavicular Head: medial clavicle  

Sternocleidomastoid: Insertion   Mastoid process of temporal bone  

Sternocleidomastoid: Action  Bilateral: Flexion of neck; Unilateral: flexion of neck to same side and rotation of head to opposite side  

Sternocleidomastoid: Nerve   Cranial Nerve XI, C2, 3 via Accessory Nerve  

Scalenes: Origin   C2-7 transverse processes of cervical vertibrae  

Scalenes: Insertion   First 2 ribs  

Scalenes: Action  Bilateral: Flexion of necs *or* assist in forced inspiration; Unilaterally: Assist in lateral flexion of neck to same side  

Scalenes: Nerve   Ventral Rami of Cervical nerves C3 - 8 (Ventral Rami)  

How many scalenes are there?   3: Anterior, Medius and Posterior  

Rectus Abdominus: Origin   Pubic symphesis and crest  

Rectus Abdominus: Insertion   Costal cartilages of ribs 5, 6, 7; Xiphoid process  

Rectus Abdominus: Action   Flexion of trunk; supports compression of abdominal contents  

Rectus Abdominus: Nerve   Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7 - T12  

Ventral midline fibrous band from xiphoid process to pubis?  

Linea alba  

Contracts strongly when doing situps Rectus Abdominus  

or leg lifts?  

External Oblique: Origin   Lower 8 ribs  

External Oblique: Insertion   Linea alba, pubis, anterior iliac crest  

External Oblique: Action  Bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally: Lateral flexion, roation of trunk to opposite side  

External Oblique: Nerve  Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve)  

Internal Oblique: Origin   Inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis  

Internal Oblique: Insertion   Costal cartilages of lower 4 ribs  

Internal Oblique: Action  Bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally: lateral flexion, rotation of trunk to same side  

Internal Oblique: Nerve  Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T8-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve)  

Transverse Abdominis: Origin  Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12  

Transverse Abdominis: Insertion   Abodominal aponeurosis and linea alba, pubis  

Transverse Abdominis: Action   Compression of abdominal contents  

Transverse Abdominis: Nerve  Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T8-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve)  

Abdominal muscles, deep to superficial?  

Transverse abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, rectus abdominus  

Ligament forming inferior boder of abdominal cavity?  

Inguinal Ligament  

Structures passing through Inguinal canal?  

Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, spermatic cord, iliopsois muscle  

Infraspinatus: Nerve   C5, 6 via Suprascapular Nerve  

Sartorius: Nerve   L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve  

Biceps Brachii: Nerve   C5, 6 via Musculocutaneous Nerve  

Anconeus: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of Humerus  

Anconeus: Insertion   Olecranon Process and upper posterior surface of Ulna  

Anconeus: Action   Assists flexion of elbow  

Anconeus: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Brachialis: Origin   Lower half of anterior shaft of Humerus  

Brachialis: Insertion   Tuberosity of Ulna; coronoid process of Ulna  

Brachialis: Action   Flexion of elbow  

Brachialis: Nerve   Musculocutaneous Nerve  

What is strongest flexor of elbow?   Brachialis  

Brachioradialis: Origin   Lateral supracondylar ridge of Humerus  

Brachioradialis: Insertion   Syloid Process of Radius  

Brachioradialis: Action   Flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral postion  

Brachioradialis: Nerve   Radial Nerve  

Pronator Teres: Origin  Humeral Head - Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head- Coronoid process of Ulna  

Ponator Teres: Insertion   Middle of lateral shaft of Radius  

Pronator Teres: Action   Pronation of forearm; assists flexion of elbow  

Pronator Teres: Nerve   Median Nerve  

Pronator Quadratus: Origin   Distal fourth of anterior ulna  

Pronator Quadratus: Insertion   Distal fourth of anterior radius  

Pronator Quadratus: Action   Pronaton of forearm  

Pronator Quadratus: Nerve   Median nerve  

Supinator: Origin  Lateral epicondyle of Humerus; Annular and readial collateral ligaments; Proximal Ulna at supinator crest  

Supinator: Insertion  Lateral surface of procimal 1/3 of Radius between anterior and posterior oblique lines  

Supinator: Action   Supination of forearm  

Supinator: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Radial nerve passes between superficial and deep layers of this muscle?  

Supinator  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Origin  

Lateral supercondylar ridge, lateral epicondyle of Humerus  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Insertion  

Base of 2nd metacarpal  

Extensor Radialis Longus: Action   Extension of wrist w/radial deviation  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Nerve  

Radial nerve  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Origin  

Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon)  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Insertion  

Base of 3rd metacarpal  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Action  

Extension of writs  

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Nerve  

Radial nerve  

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin  Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon); posterior proximal Ulna  

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion   Base of 5th metacarpal  

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Action   Extension of wrist w/ulnar deviation  

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin  Humeral head- Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head-Proximal posterior ulna and olecranon process of Ulna  

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion   Pisiform, Hamate, Base of 5th metacarpal  

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Action   Flexion of wrist w/ulnar deviation  

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Nerve   Ulnar nerve  

Palmaris Longus: Origin   Medial epicondyle of Humerus  

Palmaris Longus: Insertion   Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum  

Palmaris Longus: Action   Assists flexion of wrist  

Palmaris Longus: Nerve   Median nerve  

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Origin   Medial epicondyle of Humerus  

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Insertion   Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals  

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Action   Flexion of wrist w/radial deviation  

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Nerve   Median nerve  

Extensor Digitorum: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon)  

Extensor Digitorum: Insertion   Extensor expansion of 4 fingers  

Extensor Digitorum: Action  Extension of proximal phalanges of 4 fingers at MP joint; assists flexion of wrist  

Extensor Digitorum: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Extensor Digiti Minimi: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon)  

Extensor Digiti Minimi: Insertion   Extensor expansion of little finger  

Extensor Digiti Minimi: Action   Extenion of 5th proximal phalanx at its MP joint; assists flexion of wrist  

Extensor Digiti Minimi: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Extensor Indicis: Origin   Posterior Ulna and Interosseus Membrane  

Extensor Indicis: Insertion   Extensor expansion of index finger  

Extensor Indicis: Action   Extension of 2nd proximal phalanx at its MP joint; assists in flexion of wrist

Extensor Indicis: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Origin  

Humeral Head-Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head-Coronoid process of Ulna; Radial Head- Anterior oblique line of Radius  

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Insertion  

Both sides of shafts of middle phalanges of 4 fingers  

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Action  

Flexion of 2-4 middle phalanges at PIP joints; assists flexion of wrist  

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Nerve Median nerve  

Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Origin   Middle of anterior Ulna and Interosseus Membrane  

Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Insertion  

Bases of distal phalanges of 4 fingers  

Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Action   Flexion of 2-4 distal phalanges at DIP joints; assists flexion of wrist  

Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Nerve   Median Nerve - radial 2 fingers; Ulnar nerve-ulnar 2 fingers  

Flexor Pollicis Longus: Origin   Middle of anterior Radius, Interosseus Membrane  

Flexor Pollicis Longus: Insertion   Distal phalanx of thumb  

Flexor Pollicis Longus: Action   Flexion of 1st distal phalanx at IP joint  

Flexor Pollicis Longus: Nerve   Median nerve  

Extensor Pollicis Longus: Origin   Posterior Ulna and middle 1/3 of Interosseus Membrane  

Extensor Pollicis Longus: Insertion   Base of distal phalanx of thumb  

Extensor Pollicis Longus: Action   Extension of 1st distal phalanx at IP joint; assists with wrist ABduction  

Extensor Pollicis Longus: Nerve   Radial nerve  

Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Origin   Posterior Radius, Interosseus Membrane  

Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanx of thumb  

Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Action   Extenson of 1st proximal phalanx at MP joint; assists wrist ABduction  

Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve   Radial nerve  

ABductor Pollicis Longus: Origin   Posterior Radius, posterior Ulna, Interosseus Membrane  

ABductor Pollicis Longus: Insesrtion Base of 1st metacarpal  

ABductor Pollicis Longus: Action   ABduction of 1st metacarpal at CM joint; assists wrist ABduction  

ABductor Pollicis Longus: Nerve   Radial nerve  

ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Origin   Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium, Scaphoid  

ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanx of thumb  

ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Action   ABduction of 1st metacarpal at CM joint  

ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve   Median nerve  

Adductor Pollicis: Origin  Transv Hd- ant shaft of 3d MC; Oblique Hd-base of 2d & 3d MCs, capitate, trapezoin, trapezium  

Adductor Pollicis: Insertion   Base of prox phalanx of thumb; medial side  

Adductor Pollicis: Action   Adduction of 1st MC at CM joint  

Adductor Pollicis: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Origin  Superf Hd-Flexor Retinaculum and trapezium; Deep Hd-Trapezoid and Capitate  

Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion   Base of 1st Prox Phalanx, radial side  

Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Action   Flexion of 1st Prox Phalanx at MP joint  

Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve   Superf Hd-Median Nerve; Deep Hd-Ulnar Nerve  

Opponens Pollicis: Origin   Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium  

Opponens Pollicis: Insertion   Lateral shaft of 1st MC  

Opponens Pollicis: Action   Opposition of thumb at CM joint  

Opponens Pollicis: Nerve   Median nerve  

Flexor Digiti Minimi: Origin   Flexor retinaculum, hook of Hamate  

Flexor Digiti Minimi: Insertion   Base of 5th Prox Phalanx  

Flexor Digiti Minimi: Action   Flexion of 5th Prox Phalan at MP joint  

Flexor Digiti Minimi: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

Opponens Digit Minimi: Origin   Flexor retinaculum, hook of Hamate  

Opponens Digit Minimi: Insertion   Ulnar border of 5th MC  

Opponens Digit Minimi: Action   Opposition of Digiti Mini at CM joint  

Opponens Digit Minimi: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Origin   Pisiform  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Insertion   Base of 5th Prox Phalanx, ulnar side  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Action   ABduction of 5th Prox Phalanx at MP joint  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

Dorsal Interossei: Origin   2 heads arising from adjacent dorsal surfaces of MCs  

Dorsal Interossei: Insertion   Base of 2d, 3d, 4th Prox Phalanges to Extensor Expansion  

Dorsal Interossei: Action  ABduction of 2d, 3d, 4th fingers away from midline of 3d Ray; Flexion at MP joints, Extension at IP joints  

Dorsal Interossei: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

Palmar Interossei: Origin   Shaft of 2nd, 4th, 5th MCs, palmar surface  

Palmar Interossei: Insertion   Base of 2d, 4th, 5th Prox Phalanes to extensor expansion  

Palmar Interossei: Action  ADduction of 2nd, 4th, 5th fingers at MP joint; Flexion of MPs, Extension of IPs  

Palmar Interossei: Nerve   Ulnar Nerve  

Lumbricals (hand): Origin   Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendons  

Lumbricals (hand): Insertion   Extensor expansion of 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th fingers at prox phalax-Radial side  

Lumbricals (hand): Action   Flexion of MPs, extension of IPs  

Lumbricals (hand): Nerve   Radial 2 fingers-Median Nerve; Ulnar 2 fingers- Ulnar Nerve  

6 Deep rotators of the hip:  Piriformi, Gemelius Superior, Obdurator Internus, Gemelius Inferior, Obdurator Externus: Quadratus Femoris  

6 Deep rotators of the hip: Origin   Anterior sacrum, Ischium, Obdurator foramen  

6 Deep rotators of the hip: Insertion   Greater trochanter of Femur  

6 Deep rotators of the hip: Action   Lateral rotaion of Femur at hip  

6 Deep rotators of the hip: Nerve   branches from Sacral Plexus; Obdurator Externus-Obdurator Nerve  

Three *deep* posterior calf muscles (Tom, Dick, Harry) plantar flexors?  

Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucus Longus  

3 Anterior leg muscles (Tom, Dick, Harry) dorsi flexors?  

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus  

Iliopsoas: Origin  Psoas Major - lumbar vertibrae T12-L5; Iliacus - Inner surface of ilium (iliac fossa)  

Iliopsoas: Insertion   Lesser trochanger of femur  

Iliopsoas: Action   Flexion of femur at hip; if thigh is fixed, flexion of trunk at hip  

Iliopsoas: Nerve   Posoas major - L2, 3 directly; Iliacus - femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)  

Strongest hip flexor?   Iliopsoas  

This muscle braces knee in gait?   Tensor Fasciae Latae  

Plantaris: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of femur  

Plantaris: Insertion   Calcaneus via Achilles tendon  

Plantaris: Action   Assists plantarflexion of ankle; assists flexion of knee  

Plantaris: Nerve   Tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Popliteus: Origin   Lateral epicondyle of femur  

Popliteus: Insertion   Posterior proximal tibial shaft  

Popliteus: Action  Initiates knee flexion by medial rotation of tibia to "unlock" the extended knee  

Popliteus: Nerve   Tibial nerve (L5, S1)  

Key that unlocks the knee?   Popliteus  

Tibialis Posterior: Origin   Posterior tibia, posterior fibula, interosseus membrane  

Tibialis Posterior: Insertion   Navicular and adjacent tarsals and metatarsals on plantar surface  

Tibialis Posterior: Action   Inversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle  

Tibialis Posterior: Nerve   Tibial nerve (L5, S1)  

Flexor Digitorum Longus: Origin   Posterior tibia  

Flexor Digitorum Longus: Insertion   Distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes on plantar surface  

Flexor Digitorum Longus: Action   Flexion of 4 lateral toes at DIP joints  

Flexor Digitorum Longus: Nerve   Tibial nerve (L5, S1)  

Flexor Hallucis Longus: Origin   Posterior tibia  

Flexor Hallucis Longus: Insertion   Distal phalanx of hallox (plantar surface)  

Flexor Hallucis Longus: Action   Flexion of hallox at IP joint; assists plantarflexion of ankle  

Flexor Hallucis Longus: Nerve   Tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)  

Tibialis Anterior: Origin   Lateral condyle and lateral shaft of tibia, interosseus membrane  

Tibialis Anterior: Insertion  Base of 1st metatarsal, planar surface; first (medial) cuneiform, plantar surface  

Tibialis Anterior: Action   Dorsiflexion of ankle, Inversion of foot  

Tibialis Anterior: Nerve   Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop?  

Tibialis Anterior  

Extensor Hallucis Longus: Origin   Anterior sharft of fibula, interosseus membrane  

Extensor Hallucis Longus: Insertion   Base of distal phalanx of hallox  

Extensor Hallucis Longus: Action   Extension of hallox at IP joint; assists dorsiflexion of ankle  

Extensor Hallucis Longus: Nerve   Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Extensor Digitorum Longus: Origin   Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal 2/3 of antior shaft of fibula  

Extensor Digitorum Longus: Insertion Middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes  

Extensor Digitorum Longus: Action   Extension of 4 lateral toes at MP joints; assists dorsiflexion of ankle  

Extensor Digitorum Longus: Nerve   Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Origin   Anterior calcaneus  

Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Insertion Extensor expansion of 4 medial toes  

Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Action   Assists extension of 4 medial toes at MP joints  

Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Nerve   Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Portion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis to great toe?  

Extensor Hallucis Brevis  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Origin   Head and lateral shaft of fibula (upper 2/3)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Insertion  

Base of firs metatarsal; first (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Action   Eversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Nerve   Supericial peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Origin   Lateral shaft of fibula (lower 2/3)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Insertion Base of 5th metatarsal  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Action   Eversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Nerve   Superficial peroneal nerve (L4, 5 S1)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Origin   Anterior distal fibula (with extensor digitorum longus)  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Insertion Base of 5th metatarsal  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Action   Eversion of foot; assists dorsiflexion of ankle  

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Nerve   Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

Muscles of foot layer 1?   ABductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, ABductor digiti minimi  

ABductor Hallucis: Origin   Calcaneus  

ABductor Hallucis: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanx of hallox  

ABductor Hallucis: Action   Flexion, ABduction of hallox at MP joint  

ABductor Hallucis: Nerve   Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5)  

Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Origin   Calcaneus  

Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Insertion   Middle phalanges of 4 lateral toes  

Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Action   Flexion of 4 lateral toes at PIP joints  

Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Nerve   Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5)  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Origin   Calcaneus  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanxe of little toe  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Action   Flexion, ABduction of little toe at MP joint  

ABductor Digiti Minimi: Nerve   Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)  

Muscles of foot, Layer 2?   Lumbricals, Quadatus Plantae  

Lumbricals (foot): Origin   Tendons of flexor digitorum longus  

Lumbricals (foot): Insertion   Extensor expansion of 4 lateral toes  

Lumbricals (foot): Action   Flexion of MP, extension of IP joints of 4 lateral toes  

Lumbricals (foot): Nerve   1st: Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5); 2nd, 3rd, 4th: Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)

Muscles of foot - Layer 3?   Flexor hallucis brevis, ADductor hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis  

Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Origin   Base of metatarsal of hallox  

Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanx of hallox (sesamoids)  

Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Action   Flexion of hallox at MP joint  

Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Nerve   Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5, S1)  

ADductor Hallucis: Origin  Oblique: Base of 2nd, 3rd metatarsals; Transvers: 3rd, 4th, 5th MP joint capsule  

ADductor Hallucis: Insertion   Base of proximal phalanx of hallox (sesamoids)  

ADductor Hallucis: Action   ADduction and flexion of hallox at MP joint  

ADductor Hallucis: Nerve   Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)  

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Origin   Cuboid and base of 5th metatarsal  

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Insertion  

Base of proximal phalanx of little toe  

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Action   Flexion of little toe at MP joint  

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Nerve   Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)  

Muscles of foot - Layer 4?   (4) Dorsal and (3) plantar interosseis  

Dorsal Interossei (foot): Origin   Adjacent metatarsals  

Dorsal Interossei (foot): Insertion   Extensor expansion of 2nd, 3rd, 4th toes  

Dorsal Interossei (foot): Acton  ABducion relative to 2nd ray; Flexion at MP, extion at IP joints of toes 2, 3, 4  

Dorsal Interossei (foot): Nerve   Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)  

Plantar Interossei: Origin   Medial side of 3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsals  

Plantar Interossei: Insertion   Extensor expansion to 3 lateral toes  

Plantar Interossei: Action  ADduction relative to 2nd ray; Flexion at MP, extension at IP joints of 3 lateral toes  

Plantar Interossei: Nerve   Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2)  

Elevators of Scapula?   Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula  

Depressors of Scapula?   Pectoralis minor, Lower Trapezius  

Protractors of Scapula?   Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior  

Retractors of Scapula?   Middle Trapezius, Rhomboids  

Upward Rotators of Scapula?   Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, Serratus Anterior  

Downward Rotators of Scapula?   Levator Scapula, Rhomboids, Pectoralis Minor  

Medial Rotators of Humerus?  Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi  

Lateral Rotators of Humerus?   Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Posterior Deltoid  

Flexors of Humerus?  Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major (clavicuar head), Coricobrachialis, Biceps Brachii (short head)  

Extensors of Humerus?  Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Triceps Brachii (long head), Pectoralis Major (sternal head)  

ABductors of Humerus?   Supraspinatus, Middle Deltoid  

ADductors of Humerus?  Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Supscapularis  

Horizontal ABductors of Humerus?   Posterior Deltoid  

Horizontal ADductors of Humerus?   Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major (both heads)  

Flexors of the Elbow?   Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, *Pronator Teres*  

Extensors of the Elbow?   Triceps Brachii, *Anconeus*  

Supinators of Forearm?   Biceps Brachii, Supinator  

Pronators of Forearm?   Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus  

Flexors of wrist?   Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, *Palmaris Longus*  

Extensors of wrist?  Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris  

ADductors of wrist?   Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris  

ABductors of wrist?   Flexor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus  

Axillary Nerve Roots?   C5, 6  

Axillary Nerve muscles?   Deltoid, Teres Minor  

Musculocutaneous Nerve roots?   C5, 6, 7  

Musculocutaneous Nerve muscles?   Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, Brachialis  

Radial Nerve roots?   C5, 6, 7, 8 (T1)  

Radial Nerve muscles?  

Triceps (Long, Lat, Med heads), Brachioradialis, Ext Carpi Radialis Longus, Anconeus, Ext Carpi Radialis Brv, Supinator, Ext Digitorum, Ext Digiti Minimi, Ext Carpi Ulnaris, ABductor Pollicis Longus, Ext Pollicis Brv, Ext Pollicis Longus, Ext Indicis  

Median Nerve roots?   (C5) , 6, 7, 8, T1  

Median Nerve muscles?  

Pronator teres, Flex Carpi Radialis, Palmaris longus, Flex digitorum supf, Flex digitorum prof, Flex pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus, ABductor pollicis brev, Opponens pollicis, Flex pollicis brev (supf hd), 1st, 2nd lumbricals  

Ulnar Nerve roots?   C8, T1  

Ulnar Nerve muscles?  

Flex Carpi Ulnaris, Flex Digitorum Prof (med 2), ADductor Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brev (deep hd), Palmar Interossei, ABductor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi, Flex Digiti Minimi, Dorsal Interossei, 3rd & 4th Lumbricals  

Lateral Rotators of Hip?  Piriformis, Gemellus Sup., Obturator Int., Gemellus Inf., Obturator Ext., Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Max., Sartorius  

Medial Rotators of Hip?  Gluteus Med., Gluteus Min., Tensor Fasciae Latae, Adductor Magnus (ant. hd.)  

Extensors of Hip?  Gluteus Max., Biceps Femoris (long hd.), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosis, Adductor Magnus (post. hd.)  

Flexors of Hip?  Psoas Maj & Iliacus, Pectineus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Adductor Brevis, Addustor Longus, Adductor Magnus (ant. hd.), Rectus Femoris, Sartorius  

ABductors of Hip?   Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Sartorius  

ADductors of Hip?   Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Pectineus  

Lateral rotators of Knee?   Biceps Femoris  

Medial Rotators of Knee?   Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gracilis, Sartorius  

Extensors of Knee?  Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae  

Flexors of Knee?  Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembransosus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus  

Dorsiflexors of Ankle?  Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Peroneus (fibularis) Tertius  

Plantarflexors of Ankle?  Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Perroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Halluci Longus  

Invertors of Foot?   Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior  

Evertors of Foot?   Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Peroneus Tertius  

Obturator Nerve roots?   L2, 3, 4  

Obturator Nerve muscles?  Obturator externus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus (ant. hd.), Adductor longus, Gracilis  

Femoral Nerve roots?   L2, 3, 4  

Femoral Nerve muscles?  Psoas, Iliacus, Pectineus, Sartorius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus Intermedius  

Sciatic Nerve roots?   L4, 5, S1, 2, 3  

Sciatic Nerve/Tibial Div muscles?  Biceps femoris (long hd.), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Adductor Magnus (post. hd.)  

Sciatic Nerve/Peroneal Div. muscles? Biceps femoris (short hd.)  

Superfical Peroneal Nerve muscles?   Peroneus longus, Peronus brevis  

Deep Peroneal Nerve muscles?  Tibialis Ant., Extensor Digitorum Longus, Ext. Hallucsi Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Ext. Hallucis Brev, Ext. Digitorum Brev  

Tibial Nerve roots?   L4, 5, S1, 2, 3  

Tibial Nerve muscles?  Plantaris, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Flex Digitorum Longus, Flex Hallucis Longus, Tibialis Posterior  

Tibial-->Medial Plantar Nerve muscles?  

Flexor Digitorum Brevis, ABductor Hallucis, Flex Hallucis Brevis, 1st Lumbrical  

Tibial-->Lateral Plantar Nerve muscles?  

ADductor hallucis, Quadratus plantae, ABductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, Plantar Interossei, Dorsal Interossei, Lumbricals (lateral 3)  

Erector Spinae muscles?   Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis  

Transversospinalis muscles?   Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores, Interspinales, Intertransversarii