5.0 1After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by: ABile acid deficiency BIncreased lipase secretion CDisturbed tripsin synthesis DAmylase deficiency EDisturbed phospholipase synthesis

2Galactosemia is revealed in the child. Concentration of glucose in the blood is not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?AGalactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferaseBAmylo-1,6-glucosidaseCPhosphoglucomutase DGalactokinase EHexokinase

3Fatty of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of the liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?AMethionine BAscorbic acid CGlucose DGlycerin ECitrate

4Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme: AGlycogen phosphorylase BGlucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase CAlpha amylase DGamma amylase ELysosomal glycosidase

5An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case? AMetabolic acidosis BMetabolic alkalosis CRespiratory acidosis DRespiratory alkalosis ENo disorders of acid-base balance will be observed

6Methotrexate (structural analogue of the folic acid which is competitive inhibitor of the dihydrofolatreductase) is prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour.On which level does methotrexate inhibit synthesis of the nucleic acids? AMononucleotide synthesis BReplication CTranscriptionDReparation EProcessing

7RNA-polymeraseB(II) is blocked due to amanitine poisoning (poison of death-cup). It disturbes:ASynthesis of m-RNA BSynthesis of t-RNA CReverse transcription DPrimers synthesis EMaturation of m-RNA

8Pain along large nervous stems and increased amount of pyruvate in the blood were revealed in the patient. Insufficiency of what vitamin can cause such change?A1 B2C DPantothenic acidEBiotin

9Patient with encephalopathy was admitted to the neurological in-patient department. Correlation of increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream from the intestines was revealed. Whatsubstances that are created in the intestines can cause endotoxemia? AIndoleBButyrateCAcetacetateDBiotinEOrnithine

10Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism: ATryptophan BAlanine CHistidine DMethionine ETyrosine

11A mother consulted a doctor about her 5-year-old child who develops erythemas, vesicular rash and skin itch under the influence of sun. Laboratory studies revealed decreased iron concentration in the blood serum, increased uroporphyrinogen I excretion with the urine. What is the most likely inherited pathology in this child? AErythropoietic porphyria BMethemoglobinemia CHepatic porphyria DCoproporphyria EIntermittent porphyria

12A 3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme: AGlucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase BGlucose 6-phosphatase CGlycogen phosphorylase DGlycerol phosphate dehydrogenase E-glutamiltransferase

13Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme: AXanthine oxidase BArginase CUrease DOrnithine carbamoyltransferase EGlycerylkinase

14Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus. It can be caused by:AIncreased activity of triglyceridelipase adipocytesBStorage of palmitatoil-CoA CActivation of the ketone bodies utilizationDActivation of the synthesis of the apolipoproteinsEDecreased activity of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-acyltransferase blood plasma

15A 46-year-old female patient has a continuous history of progressive muscular (Duchenne's) dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be of diagnostic value in this case? ACreatine phosphokinase BLactate dehydrogenase CPyruvate dehydrogenase DGlutamate dehydrogenase EAdenylate cyclase

16A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over 7,2 millimole/l on an empty stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein allows to estimate the glycemia rate retrospectively (4-8 weeks before examination)? AGlycated hemoglobin BAlbumin CFibrinogen DC-reactive protein ECeruloplasmin

17In case of enterobiasis acrihine - the structural analogue of vitamin $B_2$ - is administered. The synthesis disorder of which enzymes does this medicine cause in microorganisms? AFAD-dependent dehydrogenases BCytochromeoxidases CPeptidases DNAD-dependet dehydrogenases EAminotransferases

18A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple spotty haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin is present at the girl? A B6C1 D E2

19Hydroxylation of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics requires a donor of protons. Which of the following vitamins can play this role?AVitamin CBVitamin PCVitamin B6DVitamin EEVitamin A

20The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane-intracellular mechanism of hormone action. Point out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:AGlycerolBDiacylglycerolCInositol-3,4,5-triphosphateDCAMPECa2+

21A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: growth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause of edemata development: AReduced synthesis of albumins BReduced synthesis of globulins CReduced synthesis of hemoglobin DReduced synthesis of lipoproteins EReduced synthesis of glycoproteins

22Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme? ACatalyzation of the same reaction BThe same molecular weight CThe same physicochemical properties DTissue localization EThe same electrophoretic mobility

23On some diseases it is observed aldosteronism with hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected on aldosteronism?AAdrenal glandsBTesticleCOvariesDPancreasEHypophysis

24An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process? AEndonuclease BRNA ligase CPrimase DDNA polymerase III EDNA gyirase

25A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus? ALice BSpiders CBed-bugs DCockroaches EHouseflies

26A businessman came to India from South America. On examination the physician found that the patient was suffering from sleeping-sickness. What was the way of invasion? AAs a result of bug's bitesBAs a result of mosquito's bitesCWith contaminated fruits and vegetablesDThrough dirty handsEAfter contact with a sick dogs

27Tere is observed inhibited fibrillation in the patients with bile ducts obstruction, bleeding due to low level of absorbtion of some vitamin. What vitamin is in deficit?A B CD D ECarotene

28A 52 year-old patient with bronchial asthma was treated with glucocorticoids. Fever reaction appeared as a result of postinjective abscess. The patient had subfebrile temperature, which didnt correspond to latitude and severity of inflammatory process. Why did patient have low fever reaction?AInhibited endogen pyrogens productionBViolation of heat loss through lungsCInflammatory barrier formation in injection placeDViolation of heat-producing mechanismsEThermoregulation center inhibition

29A 35-year-old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute-onset of right big toe pain, swelling, and low-grade fever. The gouty arthritis was diagnosed and high serum uric acid level was found. Which of the following antituberculosis drugs are known for causing high uric acid levels? APyrazinamide BCycloserine CThiacetazone DRifampicin EAminosalicylic acid

30During metabolic process active forms of the oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. With help of what enzyme is this anion activated?ASuperoxide dismutaseBCatalaseCPeroxidaseDGlutathioneperoxidaseEGlutathionereductase

31A patient presents high activity of LDH1,2, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable? AIn the heart muscle (initial stage of myocardium infarction) BIn skeletal muscles (dystrophy, atrophy) CIn kidneys and adrenals DIn connective tissue EIn liver and kidneys

32Buffer capacity of blood was decreased in the worker due to exhausting muscular work. Entry of what acid substance to the blood can this state be explained?ALactateBPyruvateC1,3-bisphosphoglycerateD-ketoglutarateE3-phosphoglycerate

33While examining the child the doctor revealed symmetric cheeks roughness, diarrhea, disfunction of the nervous system. Lack of what food components caused it?ANicotinic acid, tryptophaneBLysine, ascorbic acidCThreonine, pantothenic acidDMethionine, lipoic acidEPhenylalanine, pangamic acid

34A13-year-old boy complains of general weakness, dizziness, tiredness. He is mentally retarded. Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine. Urine has specific smell. What is the diagnosis?AMaple syrup urine diseaseBAddison's diseaseCTyrosinosisDHistidinemiaEGraves' disease

35Increased breaking of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction in scurvy patients are caused by disorder of collagen maturing. What stage of modification of procollagen is disordered in this avitaminosis?AHydroxylation of prolineBFormation of polypeptide chainsCGlycosylation of hydroxylysine residuesDRemoval of C-ended peptide from procollagen EDetaching of N-ended peptide

36A 62-year-old female patient has developed a cataract (lenticular opacity) secondary to the diabetes mellitus. What type of protein modification is observed in case of diabetic cataract? AGlycosylation BPhosphorylation CADP-ribosylation DMethylation ELimited proteolysis

37Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity. Level of what biological active acids will decrease?AProstaglandinsBLeucotriensCCatecholaminesDBiogenic aminesEIodinethyronyns

38At the aboratory experiment the eukocyte culture was mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophile leukocytes engulfed and digested bacterial cells. This processes are termed: APhagocytosisBPinocytosis CDiffusion DFacilitated diffusion EOsmosis

39Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index: AHydroxyproline BArginine CGlucose DMineral salts EAmmonium salts

40Marked increase of activity of -forms of CPK (creatinephosphokinase) and LDH-1 were revealed on the examination of the patient's blood. What is the most likely pathology? AMiocardial infarctionBHepatitisCRheumatismDPancreatitisECholecystitis

41Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process: AGlycolysis BGluconeogenesis CPentose phosphate pathway DLipogenesis EGlycogenesis

42A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?ANeutrophilsBEosinophilsCBasophilsDLimphocytesEMonocytes

43ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change? AIt will disappear BIt will be slightly increased CIt will be considerably increased DFirst it will increase, then decrease EFirst it will decrease, then increase

44The concentration of albumins in human blood sample is lower than normal. This leads to edema of tissues. What blood function is damaged? AMaintaining the oncotic blood pressure BMaintaining the Ph level CMaintaining the body temperature DMaintaining the blood sedimentation system EAll answers are correct

45Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin: AC BE CK DA ED

46A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by: ASickle-cell anemia BHepatocellular jaundice CAcute intermittent porphyria DObturative jaundice EAddison's disease

47A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of: APurines BCollagen CCholesterol DPyrimidines ECarbohydrates

48A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum? AUnconjugated bilirubin BConjugated bilirubin CMesobilirubin DVerdoglobin EBiliverdin

49A patient has an increased pyruvate concentration in blood. A large amount of it is excreted with the urine. What vitamin is lacking in this patient? AB1 BE CB3 DB6 EB2

50Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxication in brain tissues? AGlutamic acid BLysine CProline DHistidine EAlanine

51A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize: ATryptophan BTyrosine CProline DAlanine EHistidine

52Increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on present on thyrotoxicosis. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?ADisconnect oxidation and oxidated phosphorylationBActivates phosphorylation of substanceCStops phosphorylation of substanceDStops respiratory chainEActivates oxidated phosphorylation

53A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance "fat burning". What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation? ATransport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria BTransport of FFA from fat depots to the tissues CIt takes part in one of reactions of FFA beta-oxidation DFFA activation EActivation of intracellular lipolysis

54An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite: ACholine BDOPA CCholesterol DAcetoacetate ELinoleic acid

55A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident? ANicotinamide BCalciferol CFolic acid DBiotin ETocopherol

56A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became dark-yellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance: AConjugated bilirubinBUnconjugated bilirubin CBiliverdin DMesobilirubin EUrobilinogen

57A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance: AAdenosine monophosphate BCytidine monophosphate CUridine triphosphate DUridine monophosphate EThymidine monophosphate

58A 42-year man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in the blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?AXanthinoxidaseBAdenosinedeaminaseCAdeninephosphoribosiltransferaseDHypoxantinphosphoribosiltransferaseEGuaninedeaminase

59A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology? AC-reactive protein BUric acid CUrea DCreatinine ETransferrin

60Patient experienced increased susceptibility of the skin to the sunlight. His urine after some time became dark-red. What is the most likely cause of this?APorphyriaBHemolytic jaundiceCAlbinism DPellagra EAlkaptonuria

61A patient with serious damage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case? ACreatinine BCommon lipids CGlucose DMineral salts EUric acid

6212 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for? AMyocardium infarction BViral hepatitis CCollagenosis DDiabetes mellitus EDiabetes insipidus

63Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process? AT-lymphocytes BErythrocytes CBasophils DEosinophils EB-lymphocytes

64A 30 y.o. woman had been ill for a year when she felt pain in the area of joints for the first time, they got swollen and skin above them became reddened. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration of a connective tissue protein: ACollagen BMucin CMyosin DOvoalbumin ETroponin

65Autopsy of a 12-year-old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral hemmorhages. Adrenal glands show focal necrosis and massive hemmorhages; kidneys show necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. What is the most probable diagnosis? AMeningococcemia BEpidemic typhus CPeriarteritis nodosa DSystemic lupus erythematosus ERadiation sickness

66Examination of a 27-year-old patient revealed pathological changes in liver and brain. Blood plasma analysis revealed an abrupt decrease in the copper concentration, urine analysis revealed an increased copper concentration. The patient was diagnosed with Wilsons degeneration. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to study the activity of the following enzyme in blood serum: ACeruloplasmin BCarbonic anhydrase CXanthine oxidase DLeucine aminopeptidase EAlcohol dehydrogenase

67A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the zone of gamma-globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the following index in the patients urine: ABence Jones protein BBilirubin CHaemoglobin DCeruloplasmin EAntitrypsin

68As a result of exhausting muscular work a worker has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon? ALactate BPyruvate C1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D3-phosphoglycerate E-

69A 2-year-old child with mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. He presents with frequent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in urine. Which metabolism abnormality is the reason for this pathology? AAmino-acid metabolism BLipidic metabolism CCarbohydrate metabolism DWater-salt metabolism EPhosphoric calcium metabolism

70A patient was delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. Objectively: grave condition, unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sunken, face is cyanotic. There is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose - 20,1 micromole/l (standard is 3,3-5,5 micromole/l), urine glucose - 3,5% (standard is - 0). What is the most probable diagnosis? AHyperglycemic coma BHypoglycemic coma CAcute heart failure DAcute alcoholic intoxication EAnaphylactic shock

71Profuse foam appeared when dentist put hydrogen peroxide on the mucous of the oral cavity. What enzyme caused such activity?ACatalaseBCholinesteraseCAcetyltransferaseDGlucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenaseEMethemoglobinreductase

72A 62 y.o. woman complains of frequent pains in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostical importance? AParaproteinemia BHyperalbuminemia CProteinuria DHypoglobulinemia EHypoproteinemia

73A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme: AGlutamate decarboxylase BPyruvate dehydrostase CNetoglubarate dehydromine DAminolevulinate synthase EGlycogen phosphorylase

74Nappies of a newborn have dark spots that witness of formation of homogentisic acid. Metabolic imbalance of which substance is it connected with? AThyrosine BGalactose CMethionine DCholesterine ETryptophane

75Pathological changes of the liver and brain were revealed in a 27-year-old patient.The copper concentration is abruptly decreased in blood plasma and increased in the urine. Wilson's disease was diagnosed. Activity of what enzyme in the blood serum should be examined to prove diagnisis? ACeruloplasminBCarboanhydrazeCXanthioxidaseDLeucinamineopeptidazeEAlcoholdehydrogenaze

76A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by: AHypokaliemia BHypoproteinemia CHyperkaliemia DHypophosphatemia EHyponatremia

77An 18-year-old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thickened on palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small-sized ulcer with thickened edges and "laquer" bottom of greyish colour. What is the most probable diagnosis?ASyphilis BTuberculosis CLepra DTrophic ulcer EGonorrhea

78Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis is observed in the patient?AAvitaminosis 1BAvitaminosis ECAvitaminosis 3DAvitaminosis B6EAvitaminosis 2

79Carnitine including drug was recomended to the sportsman for improving results. What process is activated most of all with help of carnitine? ATransport of fatty acids to the mitochondriaBSynthesis of steroid hormonesCSynthesis of ketone bodiesDSynthesis of lipidsETissue respiration

80A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be chosen in this case? AAntidiphtheric antitoxic serum BBacteriophage CDiphtheria antitoxin DEubiotic EInterferon

81Patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?A1,5 mmol/L B8,0 mmol/LC10,0 mmol/L D3,3 mmol/LE5,5 mmol/L

82A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease? AThiamine BAscorbic acid CPyridoxine DFolic acid ERiboflavin

83Removal of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process? AD3 BPP CC DB12 EK

84A 63-year-old woman developed signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Increase of which indicated blood values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis?AAdditive glycosaminoglycansBLipoproteidsCAcid phosphataseDGeneral cholesterolER-glycosidase

85A 1,5-year-old child presents with both mental and physical lag, decolorizing of skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine concentration in blood. When a few drops of 5% solution of trichloroacetic iron had been added to the childs urine it turned olive green. Such alteration are typical for the following pathology of the amino acid metabolism: APhenylketonuria BAlkaptonuria CTyrosinosis DAlbinism EXanthinuria

86A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and of body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition? AObturation of biliary tracts BMucous membrane inflammation of small intestine CLack of pancreatic lipase DLack of pancreatic phospholipase EUnbalanced diet

87On the empty stomach in the patients blood glucose level was 5,65 mmol/L, in an hour after usage of sugar it was 8,55 mmol/L, in a 2 hours - 4,95 mmol/L. Such indicators are typical for:AHealthy personBPatient with hidden diabetes mellitusCPatient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus DPatient with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus EPatient with tireotoxicosis

88A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration? ALow (absent) activity of glycogene phosphorylase in liver BLow (absent) activity of hexokinase CHigh activity of glycogen synthetase DLow (absent) activity of glucose 6-phosphatase EDeficit of a gene that is responsible for synthesis of glucose 1-phosphaturidine transferase

89A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance: AUric acid BCholesterol CBilirubin DUrea ECystine

90A 65-year-old suffering from the gout man complains of the pain in the kidney's region. On ultrasonic examination the renal calculi were revealed. As a result of what process were they formed? ADecay of purine nucleotidesBProtein catabolismCOrnithine cycleDHeme decayERestoration of cysteine

91A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case? AExudative-catharral BHemmorhagic CArthritism DLymphohypoplastic EAsthenic

92The greater amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in form of urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and accumulation of ammonia in blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme: ACarbamoyl phosphate synthetase BAspartate aminotransferase CUrease DAmylase EPepsin

93A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with urine of: APotassium BSodium CChlorine DCalcium EPhosphates

94After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is 9,2 micromole/l. This condition was caused by lack of: ABile acids BTriglycerides CFatty acids DPhospholipids EChylomicrons

95Examination of a man who hadn't been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder? ALack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K BLack of palmitic acid CLack of vitamins PP, H DLow caloric value of diet ELack of oleic acid

96A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, considerable increase of body weigt. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP- 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity? AIncreased production of glucocorticoids BDecreased production of thyroidal hormones CIncreased production of insulin DDecreased production of glucagon EIncreased production of mineralocorticoids

97An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon-labeled glucose for a week. What compound can the label be found in? APalmitic acid BMethionine CVitamin A DCholine EArachidonic acid

98After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child? ADisorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithinic cycle BActivated processes of aminoacids decarboxylation CDisorder of biogenic amines neutralization DIncreased purtefaction of proteins in intestines EInhibited activity of transamination enzymes

99Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. What vitamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation? AVitamin C BVitamin K CVitamin A DThiamine EVitamin E

100A 36-year-old female patient has a history of collagen disease. Urine analysis is likely to reveal an increased concentration of the following metabolite: AOxyproline BIndican CCreatinine DUrea EUrobilinogen

101Albinos can't stand sun impact - they don't aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Disturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon? APhenilalanine BMethionine CTryptophan DGlutamic acid EHistidine

102A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didn't give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient? ATimaline BAnalgin CSulfocamphocaine DBenadryl EParacetamol

103A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. Examination of which of the following substances excreted by urine can characterize the state of antitoxic function of liver? AHippuric acid BAmmonium salts CKreatinine DUric acid EAminoacids

104Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A: ATrans-retinoic acid BTrans-retinal CCis-retinal DRetinol ECarotin

105Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Lipotropin, corticotropin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein: AProopiomelanocortin (POMC) BNeuroalbumin CNeurostromin DNeuroglobulin EThyreoglobulin

106In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients have frequent haemorrhages caused by the subnormal assimilation of the following vitamin: AK BA CD DE EC

107The study of the genealogy of a family with hypertrichosis (helix excessive pilosis) has demonstrated that this symptom is manifested in all generations only in men and is inherited by son from his father. What is the type of hypertrichosis inheritance? AY-linked chromosome BAutosome-recessive CAutosome-dominant DX-linked recessive chromosome EX-linked dominant chromosome

108A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins (caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process? ARenin BPepsin CGastrin DSecretin ELipase

109The penetration of the irritable cell membrane for potassium ions has been increased during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur? AHyperpolarization BDepolarization CAction potential DLocal response ENo changes

110A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his results. What process is activated by carnitine the most? AFatty acids transport to mitochondrions BSynthesis of steroid hormones CSynthesis of ketone bodies DSynyhesis of lipids ETissue respiration

111To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6 y.o. child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol: ACarboxylation of glutamin acid BPhosphorylation of serine radicals CPartial proteolysis DPolymerization EGlycosylation

112A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient? ADisturbed neutralization of ammonia in liver BDisturbed neutralization of biogenic amines CIncreased putrefaction of proteins in bowels DActivation of aminoacid decarboxylation EInhibition of transamination enzyms

113During examination of an 11-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the lower extremities and delayed mineralization of cranial bones. Such pathology is usually provoked by the deficit of the following vitamin: ACholecalciferol BThiamin CPantothenic acid DBioflavonoids ERiboflavin

114Examination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. What process will be mainly disturbed in the patients bowels? AFat emulsification BProtein digestion CCarbohydrate digestion DGlycerin absorption EAmino acid absorption

115The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In what position was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange? ASleep BRest CEasy work DNervous exertion ECalmness

116Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it: AGABA BGlutathione CHistamine DSerotonin EAsparagine

117In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it: AHistamine BSerotonin CDioxyphenylalanine DNoradrenalin EDopamine

118Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them: AProstaglandins BThyroxine CBiogenic amins DSomatomedins EInsulin-like growth factors

119After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxia. This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles: ALactate BKetone bodies CAcetyl CoA DGlucose 6-phosphate EOxaloacetate

120Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate: APyruvate BOxaloacetate CGlycerophosphate DGlucose 6-phosphate EFructose 6-phosphate

121Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process? ACyclic adenosine monophosphate BCyclic guanosine monophosphate CAdenosine monophosphate DDiacylglycerol EIons of 2+

122A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose deficiency can be the reason for this pathology: AHomogentisic acid oxidase BPhenylalanine hydroxylase CGlutamate dehydrogenase DPyruvate dehydrogenase EDioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase

123A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process? ADecarboxylation BDesamination CMicrosomal oxydation DTransamination EFormation of paired compounds

124A genetics specialist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children. What is the type of illness inheritance? AAutosomal recessive BAutosomal dominant CX-linked dominant DX-linked recessive EY-linked

125Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells the nuclei of which contain sex chromatin (Barr's body). What can it be evidence of? ADevelopment of female fetus BDevelopment of male fetus CGenetic disorders of fetus development DTrisomy EPolyploidy

126Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of -ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme: AThiamine pyrophosphate BNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) CFlavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) DLipoic acid ECoenzyme A

127A child's blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it? AGalactosemia BDiabetes mellitus CLactosemia DSteroid diabetes EFructosemia

128According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes is this medication intended to correct? ATransamination and decarboxylation of aminoacids BOxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids CDesamination of purine nucleotide DSynthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases EProtein synthesis

129A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing's syndrome - steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated? AGluconeogenesis BGlycogenolysis CGlucose reabsorption DGlucose transport to the cell EGlycolysis

130Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis? ADysentery BCholera CSalmonellosis DYersiniosis ECrohn's disease

131A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place? AReagin reaction BCytotoxic reaction CImmunocomplex reaction DCytolysis determined by lymphocytes EGranulomatosis

132Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol? AAcetaldehyde BEthanol CMalonyl aldehyde DPropionic aldehyde EMethanol

133A 1-year-old child with symptoms of muscle involvement was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. What process disturbance is the biochemical basis of this pathology? ATransporting of fatty acids to mitochodrions BRegulation of Ca2+ level in mitochondrions CSubstrate phosphorylation DLactic acid utilization EActin and myosin synthesis

134The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely? ASteroid diabetesBInsulin-dependent diabetes mellitusCMyxoedemaDType I glycogenosisEAddison's disease

135Index of pH of the blood changed and became 7,3 in the patient with diabetus mellitus. Detecting of the components of what buffer system is used while diagnosing disorder of the acid-base equilibrium?ABicarbonateBPhosphateCHemoglobinDOxyhemoglobinEProtein

136As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process: AK BC CA DB1 EB2

137Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for? ARespiratory BMuscular CDigestive DCerebral EMixed

138A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it? AAtopy BCytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies CImmunocomplex mechanism DCellular cytolysis EGranulomatosis

139Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood? AMetabolic acidosis BMetabolic alcalosis CAny changes woun't happen DRespiratory acidosis ERespiratory alcalosis

140A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman's husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon? ARecessive epistasis BCodominance CPolymery DIncomplete dominance EComplementation

141Depressions and emotional insanities result from the deficit of noradrenalin, serotonin and other biogenic amines in the brain. Their concentration in the synapses can be increased by means of the antidepressants that inhibit the following enzyme: AMonoamine oxidase BDiamine oxidase CL-amino-acid oxidase DD-amino-acid oxidase EPhenylalanine-4-monooxygenase

142A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin: ANiacin BPantothenic acid CVitamin A DCobalamin EBiotin

143During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid: ADecarboxylation BMethylation CPhosphorylation DIsomerization EDeaminization

144A patient with suspected diagnosis "progressing muscular dystrophy" got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine? AKreatine BCollagen CPorphyrin DMyoglobin ECalmodulin

145A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product: AGABA BPyridoxal phosphate CTDP DATP ETHFA

146A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound? AFatty acids transporting BAmino acids transporting CCalcium ions transporting DGlucose transporting EVitamin K transporting

147A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound: A1,25 []-dichydroxycholecalciferol BBiotin CTocopherol DNaphtaquinone ERetinol

148Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme: ADehydrogenase of branched amino acids BAminotransferase CGlucose-6-phosphatase DPhosphofructokinase EPhosphofructomutase

149A 9-month-old infant is fed with artificial formulas with unbalanced vitamin $B_6$ concentration. The infant presents with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, anaemia. Convulsion development might be caused by the disturbed formation of: AGABA BHistamine CSerotonin DDOPA EDopamine

150It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme? ATranscription BProcessing CReplication DTranslation EReparation

151When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process: AAerobic glycolysis BAnaerobic glycolysis CLipolysis DGluconeogenesis EGlycogen biosynthesis

152During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process: AGluconeogenesis in liver BGluconeogenesis in muscles CSynthesis of higher fatty acids DGlycogenolysis EDecarboxylation

153Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin $B_{12}$, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin? AGastromucoprotein BGastrin CHydrochloric acid DPepsin EFolic acid

154A newborn develops dyspepsia after the milk feeding. When the milk is substituted by the glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The newborn has the subnormal activity of the following enzyme: ALactase BInvertase CMaltase DAmylase EIsomaltase

155Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don't receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites: AKetone bodies BFatty acids CUnsaturated fatty acids DTriacylglycerols ECholesterol

156A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development? AImpaired synthesis of calcitriol BIncreased excretion of calcium CHyperfunction of parathyroid glands DHypofunction of parathyroid glands ELack of calcium in food

157A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn't fix his eyes, didn't keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with? ATay-Sachs disease BWilson's syndrome CTurner's syndrome DNiemann-Pick disease EMacArdle disease

158In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation - that is an antivitamin able to penetrate into the tuberculosis bacillus. Tuberculostatic effect is induced by the interference with replication processes and oxidation-reduction reactions due to the buildup of pseudo-coenzyme: ANAD BFAD CFMN DTDP ECoQ

159A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed? AOrnithinic cycle BTricarboxylic acid cycle CGlycolysis DGlyconeogenesis ECori cycle

160A male patient has been diagnosed with acute radiation disease. Laboratory examination revealed a considerable reduction of platelet serotonin level. The likely cause of platelet serotonin reduction is the disturbed metabolism of the following substance: A5-oxytryptofane BTyrosine CHistidine DPhenylalanine ESerine

161Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the following way: ATo increase phosphorus content BTo increase calcium content CTo reduce fluorine content DTo increase iron content ETo reduce iron content

162Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease? ACalcium phosphate BUric acid CCystine DBilirubin ECholesterol

163Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase: ACytochrome -450 BCytochrome B CCytochrome C DCytochrome A ECytochrome oxidase

164A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase: AKallikrein BPepsin CTrypsin DChemotrypsin ECollagenase

165A 49-year-old driver complains about unbearable constricting pain behind the breastbone irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patients condition is grave, he is pale, heart tones are decreased. Laboratory studies revealed high activity of creatine kinase and LDH1. What disease are these symptoms typical for? AAcute myocardial infarction BAcute pancreatitis CStenocardia DCholelithiasis EDiabetes mellitus

166Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of -carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins? AGlutamic BValine CSerine DPhenylalanine EArginine

167Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mitochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process? AMonoamine oxidase BTransaminase CDecarboxylase DPeptidase ELyase

168An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme: ADehydrofolate reductase BThiaminase CDeaminase DFolate oxidase EFolate decarboxylase 1Woman applied to the medico-genetic consulting centre for information about the risk of haemophilia in her son. Her husband has been suffering from this disease since birth. Woman and her parents are healthy (don't have haemophilia). Is the boy likely to have the disease in this family?AAll boys will be healthyBAll boys will be illC50\% of the boys will be illD25\% of the boys will be illE75 \% of the boys will be ill

2A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy woman. They got 5 children, three girls and two boys. All the girls inherited their fathers disease. What is the type of the disease inheritance? ADominant, X-linked BAutosomal recessive CAsutosomal dominant DY-linked ERecessive, X-linked

3Electrocardiogram of a 45-year-old man showed absence of P-wave in all the leads. What part of the conducting system is blocked? ASinu-atrial node BAtrioventricular node CCommon branch of the bundle of His DBranches of the bundle of His EPurkinjes fibres

4When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged? APosterior central gurus BOccipital zone of the cortex CParietal zone of the cortex DFrontal central gurus EFrontal zone

5Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acids radicals. Identify the group that is able to form ester bond: A-OHB-SH C-CONH2 D-CH3 E-NH2

6The conjugated protein necessarily contains special component as a non-protein part. Choose the substance that cant carry out this function: AHNO3BP CThiamine pyrophosphate DAMP EGlucose

7Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically dividing cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?AAnaphaseBMetaphase CTelophaseDProphaseEInterfase

8The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations: AKetone bodiesBAmino acids CMonosaccharides DHigh fatty acids ECholesterol esters

9A 58-year-old female has undergone surgery for necrotic bowel. Despite having been treated with antibiotics, on postoperative day 5, she develops symptoms (fever, hypotension, tachycardia, declining urine output, and confusion) consistent with septic shock. What hemodynamic support would be helpful? AFluids and Dobutamine infusion BDobutamine infusion CAntibiotic administration DFluid administration EAtropine administration

10It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by: AProcessingBInitiationCReparationDMutationEReplication

11Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed? ATranslation BTranscription CReplication DAminoacid activation ETermination

12Patient 54 year-old, 5th day after surgical operation. Blood count: Erythrocytes 3,6*1012/l, Hemoglobin 95 g/l, Erythrocytes hemoglobin content (color index) 0,78; Leukocytes 16*109/l, Platelets 450*109/l Blood picture: anizocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytes- 3,8%. What anemia does this patient have? AAcute posthemorragic anemiaBAcquired hemolytic anemiaCAnemia from iron deficiencyDHypoplastic anemiaEChronic posthemorragic anemia

13The patient with pneumonia was treated with antibiotics for a long period. After treatment patient complains of frequent and watery stool, abdomenal pain. What is the reason of intestine function disorder?AIntestinal disbacteriosis developmentBAntibiotics toxic influence on the GITCAutoimmune reaction developmentDBacteria toxins influenceEHereditary enzyme defect

14A 16 year-old patient got numerous traumas in automobile accident. Now the patient is haning a shock. P - 80/60 mm Hg. daily urine volume 60-80 ml. What pathogenic mechanism leads to kidneys function violation?ADecreased hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillariesBIncreased osmotic pressure in glomerular capillariesCIncreased pressure in Bowmans capsuleDIncreased vasopressin blood concentrationETrauma of the urinary bladder

15A 46 year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main reason of such disproportional enlargement of different parts of the body?ACartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influenceBIncreased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormoneCJoints dystrophy developmentDIncreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulinEJoints chronic inflammation development

16A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of procainamide. What is the reason? AThe anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma BThe local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes CThe hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension DThe local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension EThe cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes

17A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the following drugs is most likely involved? AProcaine BCocaine CLidocaine DBupivacaine EEtidocaine

18The CNS stimulation produced by methylxanthines, such as caffeine, is most likely due to the antagonism of one of the following receptors: AAdenosine receptors BGlycine receptors CGlutamate receptors DGABA receptors ECholinergic muscarinic receptors

19Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weakness, pain in the intestines, disorder of GIT. Examination of the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts should be hospitalized immidiately. For what protozoa are such cysts typical?ADysenteric amoebaBIntestinal amoebaCBalantidiumDTrichomonasELamblia

20According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the areal of the following mosquitoes: AAnopheles BCulex CAedes DMansonia ECuliseta

21Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of labeled aminoacids be observed? ARibosomes BAgranular endoplasmic reticulum CCell centre DLysosomes EGolgi apparatus

22Highly injured person gradually died. Please choose the indicator of biological death:AAutolysis and decay in the cellsBDisarray of chemical processesCLoss of consciousnessDAbsence of palpitationEAbsence of movements

23After breathing with poisonous steams there is an increased quantity of slime in respiratory passages of a chemical production worker. What of respiratory tract epithelial cells participate in mucousa moistening?AGoblet cellsBFibroblastsCEndocrine cellsDLangergans cellsEIntercalated cells

24A patient suffering from thyrotoxicosis symptoms of vegetoasthenic syndrome was revealed. What of the following would show the histological appearance of a thyroid gland being stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? AColumnar-shaped follicular cells BDecreased numbers of follicular cells CIncreased numbers of parafollicular cells DAn abundance of colloid in the lumen of the follicle EDecreased numbers of parafollicular capillaries

25The reason of occurrence of some diseases of an oral cavity is connected with structural peculiarities of its mucous membrane. What morphological attributes characterize these features? ANo muscularis mucosa, stratified squamous epithelium BTransitional epithelium, no submucosa CSimple columnar ciliated epithelium DWell developed muscularis, no submucosa ETransitional epithelium, no muscularis mucosa

26There is the change of teeth at the 6-8-year-old children: deciduous are replaced by permanent. What embrionic tissues are the sources of formation of permanent teeth tissues? AEctodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhimeBEntodermal epithelium of a tooth plate and mesenhimeCMesodermal epithelium and mesenhimeDI, II brachial archesEEntodermal epithelium and mesoderm

27The B cells of endocrine portion of pancreas are selectively damaged by alloxan poisoning. How will it be reflected in blood plasma? AThe content of sugar increases BThe content of fibrinogen decrease CThe level of sugar decreases DThe content of globulins decreases EThe content of albumins decreases

28In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease? AGene mutation BDisturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization CCrossingover DGenomic mutations ETransduction

29A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disorder, extended abdominal pain. Examination revealed drastic decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the anamnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat freshly-salted caviar. Some relatives living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis? ADiphyllobothriasis BEchinococcosis CTeniasis DTrichiniasis EAscaridiasis

30On autopsy of a still-born infant it is revealed heart development abnormalities: ventricles are not separated, originates from the right part single arterial trunk. For what class of vertebrate is such heart construction characteristic?AAmphibianBFishesCReptilesDMammalsEBirds

31If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound, where iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient? AInterchangeable hemotransfusion has to be done BPatient has to be exposed to the fresh air CHe has to be calmed down and put to bed DHe has to be given pure oxygen ERespiratory centers have to be stimulated

32A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritability. Helminthes of white color and 5-10 mm long were found on the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal folds achromic ova of the unsymmetrical form were revealed. Indicate what helminth is parasiting on the child?AEnterobins vermicularisBAscaris lumbricoidesCancylostoma duodenalisDTrichinaETrichuris

33Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?AVisceral leishmaniasis BBalantidiasisCAmebiasisDToxoplasmosisELambliasis

34White-haired, with blue eyes girl was born in healthy parents. Irritability, anxiety, troubled sleep and feeding developed in the first months of life of the infant. What method of genetic investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?ABiochemicalBCytologicalCTwinDGenealogicalEPopulation-statistical

35The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit's heart. What changes in the heart's activity can happen as a result? ADecreased rate and force of heart beat BDecreased heart beat rate CDecreased force of the contraction DHeart stops in systole EHeart stops in diastole

36After the trauma, the patients right n.vagus was damaged. Which violation of the cardiac activity is possible in this case? AViolation of the automatism of a Kiss-Fleck node BViolation of the automatism of a atrio-ventricular node CViolation of a conductivity in the right auricle DBlock of a conductivity in the atrio-ventricular node EArrhythmia

37In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet covering is seen around ovocyte. Name this follicle:APrimaryBPrimordialCSecondaryDMatureEAtretic

38While studing of the family tree with history of hypertrichosis (hyperhirsutism of the ear) this sign was founded only in the men and it was inherited from father to the son. Define the type of hypertrichosis inheritance?AConnected with Y-chromosomeBAutosomal- recessiveCAutosomal-dominantDConnected with -chromosome recessiveEConnected with -chromosome dominant

39In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white "worms" that caused itch and anxiety in the child. The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During examination the physician saw white filiform helminths 0,5-1 cm long, with pointed ends, some helminths had twisted ends. What is the most likely diagnosis? AEnterobiasis BDiphyllobothriasis CTeniasis DAscaridiasis EOpisthorchiasis

40Part of the DNA chain turned about 180 degree due to gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?AInversion BDeletionCDoublingDTranslocationEReplication

4146 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the 15th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair. What type of mutation does this girl have?ATranslocationBDeletionCInversionDInsufficiencyEDuplication

42A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state caused these changes? AExcretory alkalosis BGaseous alkalosis CGaseous acidosis DMetabolic acidosis EExcretory acidosis

43Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-i-RNA according to the schema?AExon-intron-exonBExon-exon-intron CExon-exon DIntron-exonEExon-intron

44Medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office revealed that a 15-year-old boy was high, with eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic hair distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no facial hair, high voice, subnormal intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease? A47, XXY B45, XO C46, XX D46, XY E47, XXX

45RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon: AReverse transcription BOperon repression CReverse translation DOperon depression EConvariant replication

46According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it? ASemiconservative BAnalogous CIdentical DDispersed EConservative

47A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of lymphoid system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible due to the functioning of the following gland: AThymus BThyroid CLiver DPancreas EAdrenal

48It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of: ADNA on the matrix of virus mRNA BVirus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA CDNA on virus ribosomal RNA DViral DNA on DNA matrix EmRNA on the matrix of virus protein

49A patient after pathological process has a thickened alveolar membrane. The direct consequence of the process will be the reduction of:ADiffuse lung capacity BOxygen capacity of blood CMinute respiratory capacity DAlveolar lung ventilation EReserve expiratiory capacity

50Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the description of Patau's syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology? ATrisomy of the 13th chromosome BTrisomy of the 18th chromosome CTrisomy of the 21st chromosome DNondisjunction of sex chromosomes EPartial monosomy

51An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it? APrimary BPrimordial CSecondary DMature EAtretic

52A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear? ATrichomonas vaginalis BTrichomonas hominis CTrichomonas buccalis DTrypanosoma gambiense ELamblia intestinalis

53During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made? AEnterobiasis BAscariasis CAmebiasis DTrichocephalosis EAnkylostomiasis

54A woman delivered a dead child with multiple developmental defects. What protozoan disease might have caused the intrauterine death? AToxoplasmosis BLeishmaniasis CMalaria DAmebiasis ELambliasis

55Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances with different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria? ARifampicin BIsoniazid CStreptomycin DEthionamide EPara-aminosalicylic acid

56A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 39o. After 6 hours the temperature normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature reached 41o, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of temperature profile is it? AIntermitting BRecurrent CHectic DSeptic EContinued

57Larvae were detected occasionally on the microscopic examination of the sputum of the patient with pneumonia. Eosinophiles were detected on the blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?AAscariasisBEnterobiosisCTrichocephaliasisDParagonimiasis EOpistorchis

58You are studying functioning of a bacteria operon. The operator gene has been released from the repressor gene. Immediately after this the following process will start in the cell: ATranscription BTranslation CReplication DProcessing ERepression

59While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:AMetaphaseBProphaseCInterphaseDAnaphaseETelophase

60It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form: ACombinative BMutational CPhenotypic DGenocopy EPhenocopy

61A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish, oval, narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the smallest among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis? AOpisthorchosis BTeniasis CBeef tapeworm infection DEchinococcosis EDiphyllobothriasis

62A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination. Analysis of his urine taken in the daytime revealed eggs with a characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient has recently returned from Australia. What is the most likely diagnosis? AUrogenital schistosomiasis BIntestinal schistosomiasis CJapanese schistosomiasis DOpisthorchiasis EDicroceliasis

63A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the perianal area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is necessary to perform: AScraping from perianal folds BRoentgenoscopy CBiopsy of muscle tissue DImmune diagnostics EDuodenal contents analysis

64The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roentgen rays. As a result albuminous fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization?ALysosomesBGolgi complexCRibosomeDEndoplasmic reticulumECells centre

65In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria? ALisosomes BMytochondrions CGranular endoplasmic reticulum DGolgi apparatus ERibosomes

66A woman with (B), Rh- blood group born a child with (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child's father likely to have? A (A), Rh+ BI (0), Rh+ CIII (B), Rh+ DI (0), Rh- EII (A), Rh-

67Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eye-lid edemata, gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed full-blown eosinophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with? ATrichina BPinworm CAscarid DWhipworm EHookworm

68A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined. Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky's stain) revealed some crescent bodies with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the smears? AToxoplasms BMalarial plasmodiums CDermotropic leishmania DViscerotropic leishmania ETrypanosomes

69The guide of the scientific expedition in India was native who always was with his dog. What invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion? AEchinococcosisBTeniasisCParagonimiasisDDicroceliasisEFascioliasis

70A patient has acne on his face. Microspcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis? ADemodicosis BScabies CMyiasis DPediculosis EPhthiriasis

71A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child's erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child's parents: A B C D E

72Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for? ATay-Sachs disease BGout CPhenylketonuria DWilson disease EGalactosemia

73A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light and optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the orifice of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis? APaget's disease BIntraductal cancer CBasal cell carcinoma DEpidermoid cancer EMelanocarcinoma

74Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?AExocytosisBEndocytosisCActive transportDFacilitated diffusionEAll answers are false

75A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected? ABalantidiasis BAmebiasis CToxoplasmosis DLambliasis ETrichomoniasis

76A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it? AKarakurt spider BScorpion CSolpuga DMite ETarantula

77Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells' chromosomes is typical for G1 period? A46 B48 C47 D45 E23

78A man has worked in an African country for 3 years. A month after his return to Ukraine he consulted an ophthalmologist and complained about eye ache, eyelid edema, lacrimation and temporary visual impairment. Underneath the eye conjunctiva the doctor revealed helminths 30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body. What diagnosis might be suspected? AFilariasis BDiphyllobothriasis CAscaridiasis DEnterobiasis ETrichocephaliasis

79Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?AS BGo CG1DG2 EM

80A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of the sex chromatin revealed 2 Barrs bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is most likely? ATriple X syndrome BEdwards' syndrome CPatau's syndrome DKlinefelter's syndrome ETurner's syndrome

81A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused? APolyploidy BInversion CDeletion DDuplication ETranslocation

82A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of: AImmunosuppressors BChemotherapy CUltrasound DEnzymes EX-ray therapy

83Following exposure to radiation a lot of mutant cells appeared in a patient. Some time later most of them were detected and destroyed by the following cells of the immune system: AT-lymphocytes-killers BPlasmoblasts CT-lymphocytes-supressors DB-lymphocyte EStem cells

84A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected? AUrogenital trichomoniasis BLambliasis CIntestinal trichomoniasis DToxoplasmosis EBalantidiasis

85A boy has I (I^0I^0) blood group and his sister has IV (I^AI^B) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have? AII (II0) and III (II0) BII (II) and III (II0) CI (I0I0) and IV (IAIB) DIII (II0) and IV (IAIB) EI (I0I0) and III (II0)

86For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it? AAutotransplantation BAllotransplantation CXenotransplantation DIsotransplantation EHeterotransplantation

87An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl's state? ATeratogenic BMutagenic CMalignization DCarcinogenic EMechanic

88Sex chromosomes of a woman didn't separate and move to the opposite poles of a cell during gametogenesis (meiosis). The ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon. Which chromosomal disease can be found in her child? ATurner's syndrome BDown's syndrome CPatau's syndrome DEdwards' syndrome ECat cry syndrome

89Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case? APleiotropyBComplementary interactionCPolymeryDCodominanceESemidominance

90Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 Y in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome - 47 Y. Such cell heterogenity is called: AMosaicism BInversion CTransposition DDuplication EMonomorphism

91As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy's parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother's side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?ARecessive, sex-linkedBDominant, sex-linkedCAutosomal recessiveDAutosomal dominantESemidominance

92A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient's scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect: AWohlfahrt fly BKissing bug CStable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) DMalarial mosquito EMosquito

1A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease? ADelayed type hypersensitivityBCytotoxic CImmunocomplex DAnaphylactic EStimulating

2An electronic microphotograph shows a macrophagic cell with erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation located along its processes. This is the cell of the following organ: ARed bone marrow BThymus CSpleen DTonsil ELymph node

3Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?AIntercellular substance BVessels of microcircular streamCNerve elementsDParenchymatous elements of the organELymphatic vessels

4A patient has undergone an amputation of lower extremity. Some time later painful nodules appeared in a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out at the microscopic examination. To what pathological processes do those formations relate?ARegenerationBDystrophyCInflammationDHyperemiaEMetaplasia

5A 22-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of heavy nasal breathing. During the examination of her nasal cavity the doctors found thickened mucous membrane, a lot of mucus and nodular infiltrates without erosions in the nose.The nasal rhinoscleroma was diagnosed. The biopsy was taken. What typical morphological changes may be found?AGranulomas with Mikuliczs cellsBGranulomas with Virchows cellsCGranulomas with Langhans cellsDGranulomas with foreign body cellsEInterstitial inflammation

6Lung of premature infant is presented on electronic photomicrography of biopsy material. Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Disfunction of what cells of the alveolar wall caused it?AAlveocytes type II BAlveocytes type I CAlveolar macrophagesDSecretory cellsEFibroblasts

7During histological examination of the stomach it was found out that glands contain very small amount of pariental cells or they are totally absent. Mucose membrane of what part of the stomach was studied?APyloric partBFundus of stomach CCardiak partDBody of stomach E-

8Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected? APlasmocytes and lymphocytesBMacrophages and fibroblastsCPigmentocytes and pericytesDAdipocytes and adventitious cellsEFibroblasts and labrocytes

9In the blood of a 26-year-old man it was revealed 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical, ball-shaped, flat and thorn-like shape. Other eritrocytes were in the form of the concavo-concave disks. How is such phenomenon called?APhysiological poikilocytosis BPathological poikilocytosis CPhysiological anisocytosis DPathological anisocytosis EErytrocytosis

10When the pH level of the stomach lumen decreases to less than 3, the antrum of the stomach releases peptide that acts in paracrine fashion to inhibit gastrin release. This peptide is: AGIF BAcetylcholine CGastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) DSomatostatin EVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

11A 50-year-old male farm worker has been brought to the emergency room. He was found confused in the orchard and since then has remained unconscious. His heart rate is 45 and his blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. He is sweating and salivating profusely. Which of the following should be prescribed? AAtropine BNorepinephrine CProserine DPhysostigmine EPentamine

12A 13-year-old girl with history of asthma complained of cough, dyspnea and wheezing. Her symptoms became so severe that her parents brought her to the emergency room. Physical examination revealed diaphoresis, dyspnea, tachycardia and tachypnea. Her respiratory rate was 42/min, pulse rate was 110 beats per minute, and blood pressure was 130/70 mm Hg. Choose from the following list the most appropriate drug to reverse the bronchoconstriction rapidly: ASalbutamol BCromolyn CBeclomethasone DMethylprednidsolone EIpratropium

13A doctor administered Allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout. What pharmacological action of Allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect? ABy inhibiting uric acid synthesis BBy increasing uric acid excretion CBy inhibiting leucocyte migration into the joint DBy general anti-inflammatory effect EBy general analgetic effect

14The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40 year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism.AFatBThrombus-embolusCAirDTissueEForeign body

15Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly? A100% B0% C25% D35% E75%

16On autopsy a 35-year-old man the focus of carnification 5 cm in diametre enclosed in a thin capsule was revealed in the second segment of the right lung . The focus consists of a tough dry friable tissue with a dim surface. For what disease are these morphological changes typical? ATuberculoma BLung cancer CChondroma DTumorous form of silicosis EPostinflammatory pneumosclerosis

17In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrated. What type of capillares is it?ASinusoidalBFenestrationalCSomaticalDVisceralELymphatic

18M-r S presents all signs of the hepatic coma: loss of consciousness, absence of reflexes, cramps, convulsion, disorder of heart activity, recurrent (periodical) respiration. What are cerebrotoxical substances which accumulate in blood under hepar insufficiency?AAmmoniaBIL-1CAutoantibody DNecrosogenic substancesEKetonic body

19Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiacvascular collapse revealed "tiger heart". Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, dark-yellow. What process caused this pathology? AFatty parenchymatous degeneration BCarbohydrate degeneration CHyaline degeneration DFatty vascular-stromal degeneration EAmyloidosis

20The low specific gravity of the secondary urine (1002) was found out in the sick person. Wat is the most distant part of nephron where concentration of secondary urine takes place? AIn the collecting duck BIn the nephrons glomerulus CIn proximal tubule of nephron DIn ascending p