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All living things share some basic properties.All living things share some basic properties.

1.1. Cellular OrganizationCellular Organization

2.2. ReproductionReproduction

3.3. Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)

4.4. HomeostasisHomeostasis

5.5. HeredityHeredity

6.6. ResponsivenessResponsiveness

7.7. Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

8.8. Adapt Through EvolutionAdapt Through Evolution

Unicellular OrganismsUnicellular OrganismsEntire organism is Entire organism is made up of one single cellmade up of one single cell

Bacteria and protistsBacteria and protists

Smallest unit capable of all life functionsSmallest unit capable of all life functions

1.

Multicellular OrganismsMulticellular OrganismsThe organism is The organism is made up of many made up of many cellscells

Cells have specialized functions Cells have specialized functions within the organismwithin the organism

Reproduction is the process of producing new Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same typeorganisms of the same type

Asexual ReproductionAsexual ReproductionA single parentA single parent organism reproducing by itself organism reproducing by itself

2.

Sexual ReproductionSexual ReproductionTwo different parentTwo different parent organisms contribute genetic organisms contribute genetic information information

Involves the combination of male and female sex Involves the combination of male and female sex cellscells

Living organisms need energy to Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and grow, develop, repair damage, and reproducereproduce

3.

AnabolismAnabolism

The process of The process of building upbuilding up complex substances complex substances from simpler substancesfrom simpler substances

Building up cells and cellular components

Photosynthesis

CatabolismCatabolism

The process of The process of breaking downbreaking down complex complex substances into simpler substances to release substances into simpler substances to release energyenergy

DigestionDigestion

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

MetabolismMetabolism

The The total of all chemical reactionstotal of all chemical reactions in in an organisman organism Anabolism + Catabolism = MetabolismAnabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism

A A stable statestable state of conditions in the body that of conditions in the body that are necessary for lifeare necessary for life

Body temperatureBody temperature

Blood volumeBlood volume

pH balancepH balance

Water balanceWater balance

4.

Genes carry hereditary information

Genes are composed of DNA

Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents

Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

5.

Organisms react to stimuli:Organisms react to stimuli:

LightLight

TemperatureTemperature

OdourOdour

Sound Sound

GravityGravity

HeatHeat

WaterWater

PressurePressure

An example is a plant’s An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing leaves and stems growing toward lighttoward light

6.

Growth means to get bigger in sizeGrowth means to get bigger in size

7.

Development involves a change in the Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of physical form or physiological make-up of an organisman organism

AdaptationAdaptation

A process that enables A process that enables organisms to become organisms to become better better suited to their environmentsuited to their environment

Species obtain adaptations Species obtain adaptations through through evolutionevolution over great over great periods of timeperiods of time

8.

An Example of AdaptationAn Example of Adaptation

Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water lossstems to store water and reduce water loss

There are 6 kingdoms:

1. Archaebacteria

2. Eubacteria

3. Protista

4. Fungi

5. Plantae

6. Animalia

All living things are classified into groups called “Kingdoms”

Classifying KingdomsNutrition

# of cells

Reproduction

Heterotrophic-consumes living or dead organisms to obtain energy

Asexual-offspring produced from a single parent (genetically identical to parent

Autotrophic-uses sun’s energy-makes own food

Unicellular-one cell

Multicellular-more than one cell

Sexual-production of offspring from fusion of 2 sex cells (offspring differ from parents)

Classifying Kingdoms

Habitat

Cell Type

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

-where does the organism live?

-circular chromosome

-no membrane bound organelles (e.g. no true nucleus)

-very small (less than 2 um)

-reproduce by binary fission

-double stranded chromosomes in nucleus-membrane bound organelles-larger (10-100 um)-reproduce by mitosis or meiosis