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All students are capable of getting a 3 out of a 5 on the thematic and DBQ essay addressing the task and developing a well -organized essay which provides sufficient and/or adequate evidence and descriptive and slightly analytical support. You are better than that!!!! You just need to explore the subject material more and write until you have exhausted all of your knowledge skills and materials ( leave it all out on the field or testing room). The following themes have traditionally been utilized on both DBQ and thematic essays. The graphic organizer will allow you to provide insightful background information to be utilized in the introduction and conclusion and your examples will provide knowledge of theme to be utilized as examples, details, evidence etc. on a thematic or, perhaps, as outside information for the DBQ. Please utilize thematic review sheet, any review sheet ( including MC questions) and your knowledge of global history and geography

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Backgroundexamples The only constant is change. Be the change that you wish to see in the world. Mahatma Gandhi Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. Margaret MeadMargaret Mead Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson MandelNelson Mandel The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking. Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein Change comes in technology in order to create a more efficient, easier, less labor intensive way of life. Change happens by accident and through a series of carefully calibrated conscious decisions. Ideas, education and connections between cultures are some of the greatest transmitters of change. Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don't resist them; that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like. Lao TzuLao Tzu Neolithic Revolution Interregional trading networks Hellenistic Empires Chin Dynasties centralization Constantines conversion of Christianity Mongol Khanates Mansa Musas conversion of Mali to Muslim Empire Bantu migrations Fall of Empires (Rome, Han, Gupta,etc.) Rise and Spread of Dar Al Islam Protestant Reformation Columbian Exchange Black Death Isolation of Japans Tokugawa Industrial Revolution(s) Berlin Conference (scramble for Africa) World Wars (I and II) Genocides Cold War Technologies (gunpowder, paper, train, airplane, automobile, digital, etc.)

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Backgound Similar to change, sometimes turning points are connections, interactions or accidents which forever create major impacts on the fate of civilizations, peoples way of life or historical developments. They are sometimes determined by groups, empires, or by just individuals. As these events, decisions or accidents happen, many do not understand them as turning points but, rather, hstorians evaluate that these were watersheds in the course of human history. They may have important positive consequences improving health, way of life or an understanding of the world. They may, also, have horrific consequences like the deaths of millions, fall of great empires of a decrease in understanding, tolerance and social harmony. Regardless on their consequences, historians view these as turning points. The turning point in the process of growing up is when you discover the core of strength within you that survives all hurt.The turning point in the process of growing up is when you discover the core of strength within you that survives all hurt. From a certain point onward there is no longer any turning back. That is the point that must be reached.- SenecaFrom a certain point onward there is no longer any turning back. That is the point that must be reached. Life is always at some turning point. Irwin Edman Neolithic Revolution Industrial Revolution Hitlers final solution Columbian Exchange Fall of Rome Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Green Revolution Scientific Revolution Communist Revolutions (Russia and.or China) Ghandis Salt March Mandelas imprisonment Dropping of the Atomic bomb Great Dying Great Hunger (Ireland) Taiping Rebellion

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Historical BackgroundExamples of Impacts Religions and philosophies have helped to provide mankind with a worldview. Before science, religion explained many of the great mysteries of the universe, provided a moral and ethical framework and united believers providing them with a framework of historical understanding. Politically, belief systems helped to justify authority and maintain a social order where everyone would know what was expected of them, belief systems would spread across trade routes through missionaries and merchants and culturally would inspire architects and engineers to build monumental architecture. In short, world belief systems like Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam and Confucianism, Legalism and Taoism just to name a few would have a strong impact on global historical develop Religions and philosophies have served both to unite and divide people since the first stylus hit the wedge clay and spelled it out in cuneiform. Earliest explanations about human existence and world views were illustrated in creation myths told by priest-kings. Ceremonial centers and pyramids were erected in honor of various deities and centers of learning were built to advance cultures in labs, classrooms and places of worship. The old saying that there are no atheists in foxholes identifies that in times of peril (a foxhole referred to where soldiers were encamped for protection from enemy fire) people cling on to their religious beliefs for fear that death is imminent (trying to make peace before they meet their maker). It is clear that, from the womb to the tomb, belief systems have played an integral role in the development of World History Monumental architecture Justification of authority Wars Tolerance vs intolerance Schisms or divisions within sects Sects which vary by geography Divine right or mandate of Heaven Ethic minorities and Genocide ( Ethnic Albanian in Bosnia or Jews in Germany) Role of Hinduism and Ghandi Role of Buddhism and Asoka or Ann Sang Su Kyii Role of Judaism and Zionism (creation of Israel) Role of pilgrimages Laws ( Cannon, Talmud, Sharia, Code of Manu) 5 pillars, 10 comandments, 4 noble truths, 8 fold path, Karma, Dharma, Reincarnation, dietary restrictions Role of geography and spread Role of trade Role of universal vs ethnic regional Crusades 30 years war

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Historical Contextexamples War is a way of teaching geography- Paul Rodriguez Sometimes your latitude effects your attitude. A geographic determinist would say history was profoundly shaped by geography and Jared Diamond argues that civliizations which fail to respond to geographic forces fail while those that do succeed. Geography is the study of the Earth and its features and includes movement, human and environmental interaction, location and place. It is where populations settle, transportation, what they eat as well as how they lead their life. It impacts the development of the first civilizations from settlement to nomadic pastoralists. Today the global North and the Global South have economic disparities because of the geographic differences and the geographic exploitation of the north by the south. Geography includes resources, labor and a groups abiulity to adapt despite overwhelming adversity. Certain physical landforms are easy to settle while some are barely habitable. Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends. Economics has made us partners, and necessity has made us allies. Those whom God has so joined together, let no man put asunder. John F. KennedGeography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends. Economics has made us partners, and necessity has made us allies. Those whom God has so joined together, let no man put asunder. John F. Kennedy To me, it seems a dreadful indignity to have a soul controlled by geography. George Santayana Strategic watersources (rivers, straits, Oceans) River valley civilizations, bodies of water ( strategic location, irrigation, transportation, communication, flooding) Bantu migrations, Vikings, Arabs, Mongols, Jewish Diaspora, Indentured servitude, Chattel slavery, migrant laborers (globalization), pilgrims, explorers( Zheng He, Columbus, Magellan, Da Gama, etc.) Trade routes (silk routes, Trans-Sahara, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Pacific Ocean, Black Sea, Roads like Rome, Royal and Inca) Manipulation- Chinampas, Terrace farming, quanats, cisterns, bridges, aqueducts, railroads, steamships, automobiles, highways, baths, sewer systems, paper production, calendars, metallurgy, slash and burn, hydro-electric power, wind power, fiber optics, trans-oceanic cables, papyrus, cuneiform, seismograph, buildings Commodities- oil, salt, gold, silver, fur, sugar, silk, spices, slaves( or other coercive labor force), rare earth, hydrofracking, uranium, copper, tin, agricultural products ( wheat, corn, cereal grains, chicken, cows, pigs, chickens, champa rice, etc.) Spread of religions- Christianity, Buddhism, Islam ( nature based religions: Polytheism, animism, Shintoism, Taoism) Policies- mercantilism, deforestation, slash and burn, colonization, displacement, wars, genocide, diasporas, refugees, land-redistribution, mineral extraction, taxation, feudalism, encomienda, treaties ( ex. Tordesillas, Nanjing, or Versailles), collectivization, industrialization, infrastructure projects ( canals, bridges, roads, urbanization) Natural disasters and responses: flooding, cyclones, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, famine, predatory species

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Historical BackgroundExamples With the advent of the first civilizations in the river valleys of the Nile, Tigris -Euphrates, Indus and Huang He the rise of dense populations required a decision making person or group who would provide protection, help construct infrastructure projects, maintain law and order and somehow pay for it all through the levying of taxes. Various forms of leadership and governance have been attempted throughout the ages to degrees of success and some epic failures. Political sytems responsibilitie sinclude the regulation of large, dense populations through laws, maintining and providing for the public defense, creating a infrastructure and collecting revenue with which it spends often more than it collects. Great politial systems controlled lucrative trade routes and exhibited golden ages while others grew corrupt and failed to address the concerns of its citizenry and was toppled by a greater force whether a peasant rebellion or another empire who provided a better way of life. Political systems wage war and maintain peace, Create harmon or promote dischord. Help develop and create great works of art or science or technology or tear down all the components which preceded it. A political system sometimes adopts and apats and sometimes overcomes. Winston Churchill said democracy is the worst form of government but the best one tried so far. When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Anais Nin The basis of our political system is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. George Washington The United States brags about its political system, but the President says one thing during the election, something else when he takes office, something else at midterm and something else when he leaves. Deng Xiaoping Feudalism ( Japan, Europe, China, Latin America) Monarchy ( Absolute and Constitutional) Democracy ( Direct and representative/Republic) Oligarchy Plutocracy Tyranny Totalitarian Theocracy Technocracy Preist-Kings Empires Colonialism Impaerialism Legalism Meritocracy

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Historical contextexamples Culture is sometimes referred to as a blueprint for living. It is generally anything created by humans and can fit into the theme of social, economic, religious, and the development of ideas. These ideas can both change the world and create a better place to live or destroy pre-existing notions (for good and bad) and contribute to great instability. Ideas are both powerful as well as damaging so one needs to be careful with the power of ideas. Universities, salons, books, religions, libraries and open forums were all areas for groups to congregate and engage in intellectual and cultural discourse and trade routes, ports and cities became culturally diffused regions of convergence to share these ideas. There is a saying that knowledge is power and from this knowledge comes thinking, studying and expounding upon what is considered conventional wisdom. The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. SocratesSocrates did then what I knew how to do. Now that I know better, I do better. Maya AngelouMaya Angelou Confidence is ignorance. If you're feeling cocky, it's because there's something you don't know. Eoin Colfer, Artemis FowlEoin ColferArtemis Fowl Libraries Mathematics Engineering Humanism Enlightenment Theory of relativity Germ theory of disease Biological engineering Industrialism (of anything) Farming (think) Music, clothing, art, architecture Renaissance(S) Golden Age(S)

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Historical contextexamples 1750-Present sees the rise of the nation-state and the dawning of a new identity toward ones country (nation-state) rather than ones culture, ethnicity, religion of region. The concept drew wide attention toward pride, independence, common cultural, historic and ideological components which sometime drew groups together but, at times, splintered them apart. The belief that ones nation could do no wrong and inspired components of imperialism, militarism and global conflict were the same ideologies which led to self- determination, popular sovereignty and decolonization. Patriotism is when love of your own people comes first; nationalism, when hate for people other than your own comes first. Charles de Gaulle Nationalism is power hunger tempered by self- deception. George Orwell Causes for imperialism 19 th century Unification of Germany and Italy Russification Atlantic Revolutions Causes of WWI and II Russian, Cuban, Chinese, Mexican and Iran Revolution ( with some Communism and/or Shiitism involved) Division of Ottoman and Austria- Hungarian Empires Balkanization Pan Arabism Zionism Pan Slavism Pan Africanism Partition of India

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Historical Contextexamples The desire to take over territories utilizing military force for the purpose of gaining control over its people, resources and markets is a system which hails back to Egypt and Assyria. While its motive differed from God, Gold and Glory to Christianization, Commercialization and civilizing,the purpose wa scontrol and the method was quite militaristic. Whether it was for Lebenstraum or Westward expansion, sometimes the native inhabitants actually gained great fortune and advancements as the imperializers brought the fruits of empire. Other times, howver, the diseases, slavery and exploitation of resources and markets led to an imbalance of political forces. While the hunter often tells tha tale of the lion, imperialism still persists in various forms today. So long as there is imperialism in the world, a permanent peace is impossible. Hassan Nasrallah When it comes to combating imperialism we are all Stalinists. Nikita Khrushchev Egypt, Assyrian, Greece, Hellenistic, China ( Tang/Yuan), Maurya, Aztecs, Incas, Mongols, Sudanic Kingdoms, Mughal, Ottoman, Spain, Portugal, England, France, Dutch, German, Austrai-Hungary, United States, Russia, Japan, China, U.S.S.R, Mercantilism Old imperialism New imperialism Neo-colonialism Globalization Economic imperialism Cultural imperialism Cold War ( Proxy Wars) Ideological imperialism (Jiihad vs McWorld) ISIS

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Historical Contextexamples As earliest mankind moved out of Africa and slowly began a pattern of settlement through all of the continents, geography, biology and diversity contributed to a vast cultural, economic and political landscape which prompted both an appreciation of the individual difference, a diffusion and convergence of ideas as well as the intentional and unintentional mixing of people, places and things. The reliance on other is as ancient as mankind is a evolutionary feature which allows mankind to coexist. Trade, labor specialization, social hierarchal functioning as well as belief systems of morality, identity and understanding have made mankind one of the most needy yet self-sufficient beings on Earth. I think... if it is true that there are as many minds as there are heads, then there are as many kinds of love as there are hearts. Leo Tolstoy, Anna KareninaLeo TolstoyAnna Karenina Strength lies in differences, not in similarities Stephen R. CoveyStephen R. Covey Regional, interreguional and global trading networks Globalization Mercantilism Feudal ties (ex. Manorialism) Multi-ethnic empires Cosmopolitan cities Syncretism ( Voo doo, Neo-Confucianism, Hinduism, Swahili) Caste system Encomienda system Slavery and other coercive labor systems Favorable balances of trade Tribute Empires ( see multi-ethnic empires) Societies of tolerance and freedoms Universal declaration of human rights Sara Dara Mc Donalds Migrations

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Historical ContextExamples Mankind possese the uncanny ability to determine what is fair and what is not yet has contributed to so many disparities whether it be socio-economic, religious, or political, From the Neolithic revolution when the surplus of agricultural would pave the way for labor specialization, inequities would plague the path of the human journey. There have been numerous attempts, however, to bring justice, fairness or elevate some peoples status however slight through laws, rebellions, universal standards and the philosophical thought that all people deserve dignity, respect and fairness. While slavery, patriarchy, rigid social hierarchy and genoide persist throughout the human condition, so, too, does the fight for rights, social struggles and the ability for individuals to gain access to equal political, economic and cultural institutions. There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest. Elie WieselElie Wiesel Truth never damages a cause that is just. Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi To sin by silence, when they should protest, makes cowards of men. Ella Wheeler WilcoxElla Wheeler Wilcox Hammurabis Code 12 Tables of Rome Justinains Code (Byzantine Empire) Magna Carta English Bill of Rights The Enlightenment Atlantic Revolutions Yellow Turban Rebellion Nat Turners Rebellion Aboltion of Slavery Emancipation of serfs Universal male suffrage Female suffrage Abolition of Sati Abolition of Apartheid Abolition of Jim Crow (civil rights) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Hague) Genocide, slvery, patriarchy, class warfare, Wall Street, imperiliazation vs decolonization League of Nations, United Nations Same sex marriage

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Historical Contextexamples There is a wanderlust amongst the human population and has been so ever since the first homo sapiens migrated out of Africa. The desire for something better whether it be new foodstuffs, a better environment, opportunities or to provide for the ever growing family led to the increasing interconnectivity between groups of people across the Earth. As the movement of people and their goods, ideas and ways of life (cultural diffusion) continued, wider passages of highways, technologies and policies facilitated broader and sweeping movements. The desire to spread faith, empire, and the acqusition of material wealth, labor and markets increased as the world became smaller due to new ideas, technologies and fostered a sense of increased hemispheric interactions. From Neolithic to globalization the movement of people and goods trudges forward( or backward some might say) The advancement and diffusion of knowledge is the only guardian of true liberty. James Madison Silk routes Trans- sahara Mediterranean River Valleys Roads ( Royal, Roman, Inca) Columbian Exhange Black Sea Pacific and Atlantic Starits of Malaca Spice,Sugar, Slave trade Urbanization Nomads( Vikings, Arabs, Aztecs, Bantu, Mongols, Polynesians) Indentured servants Migrant workers

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Historical Contextexamples Science and technology is generally societies application of conventional wisdom and challenging the borders of acceptable knowledge. Sometimes it comes about due to independent innovation ( Necessity is the mother of invention) or due to an amalgamation of indigenous and borrowed cultural traits ( cultural diffusion). Societies which experience Golden Ages are generally ones which emphasize science and technology and essentially become economically powerful as well as militarily. Success is sometimes percieved by those who advance utilizing wisdom, academic study and the puruit of boldly going where no man has gone before. Science and technology apply natural laws to improve building, military, transportation, and lifestyle but the seedy underbelly are all the unintended consequences of science and progress. Sometimes degradation to the environment, social elitism and mass destruction of humanity are just some of the negative consequences of science and technology. In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual. - Galileo Galilei Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. - Carl Sagan Farming during the neolitic revolution concept of zero in Gupta and/or Maya Greek philosophy Roman engineering Inca engineering Industrialization Golden Age of Islam Chinese inventions ( water powered tooles, grand canal, seismograph, printing press, magnetic compass) Guttenburgs printing press Gunpowder Lateen sail, caravel, cartography Industrial technology Trains, cars, airplanes, rockets, satelites Theory of relativity Physics and chemistry Plastics Tanks, gas, bombs, nuclear proliferation Digital technology

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Historical ContextExamples As mankind moved across continents and this oblate spheroid, competition over scarce resource led to tremendous conflicts. Murder and was existed even amongst plaeolithic peoples. It is no wonder, therefore, that as the human species settled and increased its population, the fomenting of conflicts would only grow exponentially. Conflict over resources, territories, religions, ideologies and differences were just some of the first conflicts which faces the early civilizations after the neolithic revolution. Although conflict has come at great costs including wars, genocide, inequalities and exploitation of land, labor and capital. The conflicts can turn from tactical to practical and create greater technologies, end tyranny and even promote peaceful negotiation and treaties between groups and have positive consequence. Peace is not absence of conflict, it is the ability to handle conflict by peaceful means. Ronald Reagan Man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. Martin Luther King, Jr. Persian Wars Pelloponesian wars Punic Wars Battle ofKalingsa ( Asoka) Jihad Crusades Mongol Expanse Aztec human sacrifice Struggle for order ( Plebeians vs Patricians) Yellow Turban rebellion Fall of classical civilizations Fall of all empires Columbian exchange Trans-Atlantic Slave trade Battle of Chaldrian Conquest of the Americas 100 years war 30 years war 7 yeas war Peace of West phalia Treaty of Tordesillas Gampeii Wars Feudalism Franco-Prussian War Napoleonic Wars Congress of Vienna Berlin Conference WWI/Treaty of Versaille WWII atomic bombs Proxxy wars ( Cold War) War on terrorism 9-11 ISIS

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Historical ContextExamples In 1571, the Ming Dynastys demand for silver promulgated the Spanish empire to mine into their colonial territories in the Americas to extract silver to be traded across the Pacific into Manilla Galleon in the Phillipines and finally into Chinese ports in Canton and Macoa. This began the first truly global exchange of goods across Oceas and overland trade routes. While interregional exchanges had been in existence for nearly a millenia, the Columbian exchange facilitated the first global exchange which would persist to this present day. Old imperialism gace way to the new imperialism of the industrial age and expanded to include the interior of continents utilizing new technology and mchinery to exploit the land, labor and capital of these new global markets. After the 20 th century world wars and decolonization, a world of free trade with porous borders and markets paved the way for the concept of globalization or global interdependence. While global connections have brough great technology and improvements in health, stability ( of food and politics) and social mobility, it has also created environental degradation, exploitation of workers and developed an unfair competition between the rich global north and poor global south. Silverization Columbian Exchange Sugar, Slavery, Spice commodity exchange Coffee Triangle trade Mercantilism Global labor exchange Role of banking and joint stock companies Tulipmania Wars over resources ( all of them) Colonies fighting for colonists Colonism Economic imperialism Atlantic Revolutions Technologies in communication ( telegraph, telephone, television, sattelites, internet) Transportation ( Caravels, junk ships, steam ships, railroads, automobiles, airplanes, jets, rockets)

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