all sugars are not created equal - kimberli zecchin
TRANSCRIPT
Kimism #2All Sugars Are NOT Created “Equal”
The “Excitotoxicating” Facts You Didn’t Know
Kimberli Zecchin, BSN, MSN, CRNA
Prior to 1940 there Was No such thing as a
Cardiologist
By 1950 there were 500, today there are 35,000
Angina was first reported in 1929
What Has Driven the Eruption of Cardiovascular Disease…?
History of Sugar Consumption
In 1700, Sugar was very expensive and reserved for the Wealthy, the Average person Consumed about 4 pds of
Sugar/yr
By 1800 we consumed about 18 pds/yr as Sugar Plantations began to emerge
In 1900, individual consumption had risen to 90 pds of Sugar/yr
And by 2009, more than 50% of all Americans consume ½ Pound of Sugar PER DAY~that equals to a WHOPPING
180 Pounds of Sugar per Year!!
56 Gallons Annually
The Number 1 source of Calories in America is …
In 1948, Proctor & Gamble,
Paid the American Heart Association1.7 million dollars
To say that Vegetable based fats were safer thanAnimal fats
The Sugar Revolution~Changes in our
Cardiovascular Health
In the 1970’s, Dietary Fats were blamed for Heart Disease,
Giving rise to the “Low Fat Craze”
1982, the AHA, the AMA and the USDA reduced FatsFrom 40% to 30%
People complied thinking they wereLowering their risk of both Obesity and Heart Disease
So the Fat came out, and the Sugar went in….
…And the rates of Heart Disease, Obesity and Diabetes Skyrocketed…
Today, 55% of Sweeteners used in the food and beverage manufacturing are made from
10,673%This has been a Multi-Billion Boon for the Corn Industry
All Sugars Are Not Created
“Equal”Dextrose, Fructose, and Glucose are all
Monosaccharide's, known as Simple Sugars
The Primary Difference in them is HOW they are Metabolized
The Simple Sugars can combine into more Complex Sugars, like the Disaccharide Sucrose-which is 1/2
Glucose and 1/2 Fructose (Table Sugar)
All Sugars Are NOT Created
“Equal”
Glucose is the form of energy you were designed to run on
Every cell in your body, Every bacterium, and in fact, Every living thing on earth uses Glucose for energy
Fructose is NOT the same molecule as Glucose
A century ago we received our Fructose from Fruits and
Vegetables, about 15 grams/day
Today we consume about 73 grams, but mostly from sweetened drinks and processed foods
HFCS contains the Same two sugars as Sucrose but is More Metabolically risky to you, d/t its Chemical Form
The Fructose and the Glucose are Not Bound TogetherIn HFCS, as they are in Table Sugar, so your body doesn’t
have to break it down
Therefore, the Fructose is absorbed Immediately, going straight to your Liver
Lets closer at these Sugars…..
Glucose (Dextrose)
MetabolismWhen you consume Glucose, 80% is used Immediately, as
Energy, by all the organs and cells of your body
The remaining 20% goes to your liver to be metabolized & stored in the form of Glycogen, the short term energy
storage
A Small amount of Pyruvate is produced in the process which is converted to ATP
An even Smaller amount of Citrate is produced which is converted into VLDLs
Insulin is released from your Pancreas in response to the rise in blood sugar and moves glucose into your
cells
~
*So, When you consume 120 calories of Glucose, less than 1 Calorie contributes to
Adverse Metabolic Outcomes*
Glucose (Dextrose) Metabolism
Fructose Metabolism
100% of Fructose goes to your Liver to be Metabolized
“Hepatotoxin” ~ It overloads the liver
Fructose is immediately converted to fructose-1-phosphate (F1P), which depletes your liver of
phosphates
The waste products then produce Uric Acid
Uric acid Blocks an enzyme that makes NITRIC OXIDE…
This leads to Inflammation and Hypertension
Gout and Kidney Disease,
Preeclampsia and Fibromyalgia
Fructose of the ONLY SUGAR that Raises Uric Acid Levels…
…And its does so within MINUTES of Ingestion
Almost ALL of the F1P is turned into Pyruvate, then Citrate. This results in Increased Production of
FFAs, VLDLs and Triglycerides“Hyperlipidemia”
Fructose is THE carbohydrate that is MOST EFFICIENTLY converted into g-3-p which is needed
to convert FFAs into Triglycerides,
Hyperlipidemiaand Deposit Fat in Fat cells- Obesity
FFAs are exported from the liver and taken up in skeletal muscle causing Skeletal Muscle Insulin
Resistance
Some of the FFAs stay in the liver leading to Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Fatty
Liver
Insulin Resistance stresses the pancreas which pumps out more Insulin in response to rising BS, this leads to
Type II Diabetes
Classic Metabolic SyndromeHypertensionLipogenesisDyslipidemia
ObesityInflammation
Insulin ResistanceCentral Nervous System Leptin Resistance
Consuming 120 calories of Fructose results in 40 Calories being stored as FAT
So, consuming Fructose IS Consuming FAT
A HFCS diet is REALLY a HIGH FAT DIET
Although Dietary Fat raises your Large, Buoyant LDLs-the Harmless Ones
Dietary Sugar Raises you Small, Dense LDLs, VLDLs and Triglycerides ~ the ones that Correlate with
Heart Disease
FYI
Ethanol Metabolizes in the Exact Same Way
As Fructose
“Eat Less, Exercise More”
Debunked“Eat Pasta, DON’T Run Fasta”
You DON’T get Fat because you eat Too Many Calories and Don’t
Exercise enough, you Get Fat because you Eat the Wrong Calories
The Same Amount of Calories from Fructose will have A different effect than the same amount of calories from
Glucose, Fat or Protein
So, Fructose Causes Obesity Not by Calories but by turning on the Fat Switch and producing Lipids
The list of Sugar’s Effects is Long
At least 76 different health effects have been noted
Too numerous to be listed today…
Inside All cells is a processing center for Sugar
Hexokinase Receptors-XK2
Cancer cells have Far More of these receptors than normal cells
Eating Sugar is like feeding the Hungry Dog~when Sugar spikes the Hungry Dog steals ALL the Sugar from
the Not so Hungry Dog
Sugar, Cancer & the Immune System
The body also wants to get the sugar Out of the blood So it Increases the number of receptors on the cell walls
Cancer cells have 15-16X the number of Insulin receptors as a
Regular cell
And for the first time we are seeing that Sugar is an Oncogene-it actually CREATES cancer cells
So, Sugar is NOT just a substance that Feeds Cancer,But it can actually CAUSE Cancer
Sugar affects the Immune System in this way:
Vitamin C and Sugar vie for the Same Receptors onThe WBC
Unfortunately, these receptors, even on the WBC, have a
Greater affinity for Sugar than they do for Vitamin CThereby leaving the WBC unable to get enough
Vitamin C to be able to do their job
We can measure how well a WBC can kill…Phagocytic Index
A BS of 120 actually reduces your Phagocytic Index by 75%
Eat a bowl of cereal in the morning and your BS remainsAbove 120 for 3-4 hours…then add lunch…dinner…
Most people end up spending at least 16 hours of their dayWith an Impaired Immune System
Sugar and Free Radicals
Sugars are a Major Source ofFree Radical production
This can lead to Cardiovascular Disease,Insulin Resistance
and Alzheimer's DementiaTo name a few
Neurochemistry of Gluttony
Eating is a result of the activation of the Hedonic (Reward) Pathway in your brain
The pathway responds to chemical messengers not only in food but to Nicotine, Morphine, Ethanol, Sex and
Exercise
Leptin and Insulin are modulators of these reward responses,
Decreasing this centers activity and telling you to STOP Eating
However, Fructose Does Not stimulate Leptin rise ~ Satiety Signals Drop~Eat More
Ghrelin (the hormone that makes you want More food), is
Suppressed by Glucose, but NOT by FRUCTOSE ~ Satiety Signals Drop~Eat More
By raising triglycerides, Fructose Reduces the amount of Leptin crossing the BBB
~ Satiety Signals Drop~and Even More
~ Pleasure Centers Are NOT Extinguished ~
NET RESULT of FRUCTOSE ~ HUNGER, GLUTTONY,
OVER CONSUMPTION OF FOOD
Is There Such Thing As Sugar
Addiction?
Sugar stimulates Dopamine, which drives Reward
Dopamine rapidly down-regulates its receptors so the next time around you need More sugar to generate More dopamineTo generate Less reward…you want More and More of your fix
but Never achieve the same ”High" you once had. And so, cravings grow stronger…
…AND Fructose is about 20% Sweeter than conventional table sugar…CONTINUE TO CRAVE
EVEN MORE SUGAR
Your brain becomes Addicted to Stimulating the release of its own Opioids, as it would to Morphine or Heroin
Oreo Cookies appear to be just as Addictive As Cocaine or Morphine,
Activating More Neurons in the Brain’s Pleasure Center than Illicit Drugs
4 Grams = 16 Calories =
Just for the Record…
Lets Compare…
One Donut =
10 grams of Sugar
6 Doughnuts (64 gms of Sugar-16 tsp)
Starbucks Caramel Frappuccino
4.5 Doughnuts (45 gms of Sugar-11 tsp)
California Pizza Kitchen Thai Chicken Salad
3 Doughnuts (28 gms of Sugar-7 tsp)
Stonyfield Fat Free Blackberry Blend Yogurt
2 Doughnuts (21 gms of Sugar-5.25 tsp)
Nutella Spread, 2 TBLS
A Word About Other Sugars
Agave Nectar-falsely advertised as “Natural”, it is Highly processed and is usually about 80% Fructose-
AVOID
Honey-Natural, But is also 53% Fructose
Stevia-a Natural sweet herb from the leaf of the South African Stevia plant, and the best substitute for
sugarHowever, AVOID TRUVIA as it is a Chemically processedForm of Stevia… and We Know about processed foods
It’s Sucrose Too!!
1/2 Glucose and 1/2 Fructose
Cane Sugar
Thank Goodness for Artificial Sweeteners…
…Or Is IT!!!
The Brain
This 3lb organ Consumes 20% of the Body’s Oxygen,
25% of the Body’s Glucose for Energy, ~ makes up only 2% of the Body’s Weight
The Majority of this Energy is spent Supporting ImpulseGeneration and Transmission
The Brain
Neurotransmitters are made up of Amino Acids, and can be either
Excitatory or Inhibitory
Glutamate and Aspartate are two of the Most CommonNeurotransmitters in the brain. Their role is Excitatory,
And causes the brain to be Stimulated in much the same wayThat Cocaine does
In the Brain, Glutamate receptors are found mostly on the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors
The Transmitter Binds to the receptor and causes the pores to Open and Calcium to Pour In to the cell, Eliciting a Response
Proper Mg+ levels are necessary to help shut the Ca+ channel.Then Large Amounts of ATP are needed to help pump the Ca+
Back Out of the cell
Since even Small Fluctuations of the concentrationsOf Critical Nutrients Can result in
Dramatic Disruptions of brain function, it is equipped with a Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
However, the BBB is NOT perfect-it often is Malfunctioning in
some partsOf the brain, or Absent all together
Are Neurotransmitters that when their levels are NOT
Regulated Properly can Excite the Nerves to DeathCause an imbalance in the inflow of Calcium, which leads to
Activation of a complex Inflammatory Cascade, release ofInflammatory Mediators (Cytokines, Massive
Production of Free Radicals and Lipid Peroxidation) and ultimately the Death of the Neuron
“Excitotoxins”
But, as the cellular energy stores (ATP) fall, the Greater the
Excitotoxin Damage
High Intracellular Ca+ leads to Damage ofThe Mitochondria where ATP is produced And Cell
Death
ATP production is reliant on Glucose, but Excitotoxins bind to Insulin Receptors in the Pancreas, causing
Hypoglycemia and Less ATP production. This Prevents the Removal of excess
Excitotoxins from the synapse resulting in Even More Over Excitability, Neurotoxicity and Cell Death
MSG, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine
Aspartate, Aspartame, NutraSweet
OMG, What Are These Glutamate “Excitotoxins”?
Glutamate is the Most Abundant Neurotransmitter in theBrain yet it is Extremely NeuroToxic
The damage occurs when the toxin is Outside the Cell
The Normal ratio of Glutamate Inside : Outside 1,000 : 1
Brain disorders such as Stroke, Trauma, Neurodegenerative Diseases
(Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, MS), Infection,Inflammation, AGE
and Heavy Metal Poisoning result in a Loss of ATP
-these people risk damage to the brain from even Small Exposure to Dietary Excitotoxins
Glutamate and Aspartame also enter the brain when theBBB is broken down due to Constant Every Day
Consumption of these Excitotoxins
Small children who consume Glutamate productsRapidly reach blood levels that are 50x Normal
Learning and Language Difficulties,Behavioral Problems, Depression, Impulsiveness
Violence and Risk Taking
Is made up of Aspartic Acid, Methanol, and Phenylalanine
(gives it the Sweet taste)
In Fruits and Veggies Methanol is bound to PectinWhich allows its elimination,
But In Humans, unbound Methanol is converted to…
Formaldehyde!!!
The Metabolism of Aspartame
Excitotoxins and the Liver
When the Liver is exposed to High Concentrations of Glutamate and Aspartate
It significantly Raises Inflammation, causing MassiveProduction of Free Radicals and Lipid Peroxidation
Systemically
Which only Increases the Damage from Other Toxins such asTrans Fats, Polyunsaturated Fats, and HFCS
Excitotoxic damage to the Liver can lead to Fatty Liver Disease,Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity (esp. in kids)
It worsens other disorders such as Hepatitis and AlcoholLiver damage
Glutamate receptors in the Endothelial cells of Arteries cause the production of High Levels of
Free Radicals and Inflammatory Cytokines that persist for long periods of time
This Significantly Raises a persons risk of developingAggressive Atherosclerosis, leading to
Heart Attack or…Inflammation of
The Brain’s blood vessels opens up the BBB…Stroke
Massive influx of theseExcitotoxins after Each Meal
*Cascading Effect of Vascular Disease*
Glutamate/Aspartame is a Cancer
Fertilizer
Receptors for Glutamate and Aspartate are found in Virtually Every Life Form, and Every Tissue and Organ
Oh Yes….Glutamate receptors have been discovered on many typesOf Cancer, including Breast, Prostate, Pancreatic, Colon,
Brain, Squamous Cell and Lung Cancers
Other Effects of Aspartame
Decreases or Worsens Insulin Sensitivity-WORSENS DIABETES
Are implicated in Low T-Cell counts
Increases the Inflammatory Mediators-TNF
Increases the risk of Fibromyalgia, IBS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
YUP, You Guessed It!!!!
Learning Disorders, Emotional Illness, or other Major Psychological diseases later in life
Autism, Schizophrenia, Seizures and Cerebral Palsy
Remember, Aspartame breaks down to Formaldehyde!!!!
What About the Baby?Excitotoxins and the Developing Brain
Foods and Additives that Increase
InflammationAlso Worsen Excitotoxicity
Omega-6 Oils (PUFA”s-Vegetable Oils)
Trans Fats
Sugars (especially HFCS)
Fluoroaluminum (Drinking Water)
Excess Caffeine
Chlorinated Water
This Damage is Especially Damaging in People With:
Multiple SclerosisStrokes
Head InjuriesAutoimmune Diseases
ADHD and Autism Spectrum DisordersAge-related Memory Loss
Parkinson’sAlzheimer’s
Brain Tumors
Headaches/MigrainesMuscle SpasmsDizziness
SeizuresNausea
NumbnessIrritability Heart PalpitationsTinnitus
VertigoBreathing DifficultiesTachycardiaAnxiety
Panic AttacksMemory LossSlurred SpeechJoint PainsInsomniaVision ProblemsDepressionNon-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Leukemia
Common Side Effects of Aspartame
Glutamate and Aspartame burn out the nucleus in the
brain where Leptin works, Leptin levels start to rise and leads to INFLAMMATION AND WEIGHT GAIN
The Phenylalanine derivative of the Aspartame metabolism stimulates hypoglycemia-leads to
HUNGER**Aspartame Actually shows a Greater
Weight Gain when compared to Sucrose**
Aspartame and Weight Gain
Sucralose is 300-1000x Sweeter than Sugar
Three Chlorine atoms are added to Sucrose with a covalent bond not found in nature-what does Chlorine
do? It Kills Microorganisms
It decreases your normal gut flora by 50%, elevates the pH of your colon, decreases RBC, enlarges kidneys,
causes spontaneous abortions
Headaches, Seizures, DNA damage, Elevated Blood Sugar, Migraines, Cancer, and…
WEIGHT GAIN!!!
Splenda Anyone???
Recommendations
AVOID Sugar, ESPECIALLY High Fructose Corn Syrup
Stevia is a good alternative, as is Dextrose
Fruit in Moderation
AVOID All Processed Foods
AVOID ASPERTAME, GLUTAMATESAnd other artificial Sweeteners
Read Your Labels*Stick to Natural, Raw Foods the way God Originally Intended*
Problems with Modern
Medicine
“I often tell friends that Modern Medicine is like an Idiot Savant, demonstrating Incredible diagnostic Creativity and Technical skill, alongside Severe Limitations of Intelligence-Mainly in the area of Nutritional Support”
~Russell L. Blaylock, MD, Neurosurgeon
ADDITIVES That ALWAYS Contain MSGMonosodium Glutamate
Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein/Hydrolyzed Plant Protein/Hydrolyzed ProteinPlant Protein ExtractSodium CaseinateCalcium Caseinate
Yeast ExtractTextured ProteinAutolyzed Yeast
Hydrolyzed Oat Flour
ADDITIVES That FREQUENTLY Contain MSGMalt Extract
Malt FlavoringBouillon
BrothStock
FlavoringNatural Flavoring
Natural Beef or Chicken FlavoringSeasoning
Abhilash M., et al. (2013). Long-term consumption of aspartame and brain antioxidant defense status. Drug Chem Toxicology, Apr, 36(2), 135-40. Blaylock, R. (1997). Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. Santa Fe, NM: Health Press. Collison, K., et al. (2009). High fructose corn syrup may contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity, Nov, 17(11), 2003-13. Farah, V., et al. (2006). Nocturnal hypertension has occurred in mice consuming a high fructose diet. Autonomic Neuroscience, Dec, 130(1-2):41-50. Johnson, R. (2009). The Sugar Fix: The High-Fructose Fallout That Is Making You Fat and Sick. Gallery Books. Lê, K., et al., (2009). Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes. Amer Journ of Clin Nutrition, Jun, 89(6), 1760-5. Mercola, J. (2010, Jan 02). Sugar may be bad, but this sweetener called fructose is far more deadly. Retrieved from the Mercola website: www.mercola.com. Mercola, J. (2010, Jan 26). This common food ingredient can really mess up your metabolism. Retrieved from the Mercola website: www.mercola.com. Olney, J.W., (1996). Aspartame may be linked to increasing brain cancer rates. Journ of Neuropath, Nov, 55(11), 1115-23. Nakagawa, T., et al. (2006). Fructose may cause metabolic syndrome due to its ability to raise uric acid levels. Amer Journ of Physiology, Mar, 290(3), F625-31. Nguyen, S, et al. (2009). Higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with higher serum uric acid levels and systolic blood pressure in US adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, June, 154(6), 807-13. Nseir, W., et al., (2010). Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World Journ of Gastroenterology, Jun, 16(21), 2579-88. Perez-Pozo, S., et al. (2010). High doses of fructose raise the BP and cause the features of metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Obesity, 34(3), 454-61. Teicholz, N. Fat (Reconsidered). Wall Street Journal. May 3-4, 2016. Stanhope, K., et al., (200). Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. Journ of Clinical Investigation, May, 119(5),1322–1334.