allied morale/success high low 2. germany, japan, and italy start breaking the treaty of versailles-...
TRANSCRIPT
Allied Morale/Success Allied Morale/Success High
Low
2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression
1. Treaty of Versailles- Germany is punished 3. Hitler
crushes Poland
4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months
5. London is bombed
6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all of North Africa except Egypt
WWI [Trench Warfare]
7. Operation Barbarossa
8. Pearl Harbor 8. Russian Winter
9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in North Africa, Italian campaign,
10. Normandy
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
Part I. Part I. Axis VictoriesAxis Victories or or The Axis Shocks the WorldThe Axis Shocks the World
1939-19411939-1941
Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the Let’s Review the Axis’ Challenges to the LeagueLeague
German RearmamentGerman Rearmament The RhinelandThe Rhineland The Spanish Civil War/Guernica??? The Spanish Civil War/Guernica??? Austria Austria Ethiopia Ethiopia Manchuria Manchuria The Munich Conference The Munich Conference
The Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War
One Final Sign of Allied WeaknessOne Final Sign of Allied Weakness In Spain- a civil war broke out between a In Spain- a civil war broke out between a
democratic government and a democratic government and a Totalitarian One (Franco) Totalitarian One (Franco)
Hitler and Mussolini saw this as a good Hitler and Mussolini saw this as a good chance to test their new militarieschance to test their new militaries
They sent in their new air forces and They sent in their new air forces and bombed Spain, including the civilian bombed Spain, including the civilian populationspopulations
The allies sent no military forcesThe allies sent no military forces Do we remember why not? Do we remember why not?
Guernica by Pablo Picasso
Guernica = A City Bombed by the Nazi Air Force
The Start of World War IIThe Start of World War II Remember the Munich Remember the Munich
Conference??Conference??
Agreement to give Hitler the Agreement to give Hitler the Sudetenland (a part of Sudetenland (a part of ___________) in return for his ___________) in return for his promise that …promise that …
Some westerners thought of Some westerners thought of Germany as a Germany as a bulwark against bulwark against CommunismCommunism (lesser of two evils) (lesser of two evils)
Less than a week later, Hitler Less than a week later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakiatook the rest of Czechoslovakia Remember, he was already behind… Remember, he was already behind…
Space and RaceSpace and Race
LebensraumLebensraum Where did Hitler Where did Hitler
envision it? envision it? AryanAryan
British/FrenchBritish/French Slavs/non whites Slavs/non whites
Britain and France Drew a Britain and France Drew a Line in the SandLine in the Sand
Belief that Hitler’s Belief that Hitler’s next target was next target was PolandPoland
Britain and France Britain and France declared that they declared that they would fight for would fight for Poland…Poland…
But then… an earth But then… an earth shattering event…shattering event…
Danzig/Polish Corridor Danzig/Polish Corridor issueissue
Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression Nazi/Soviet Non-Aggression PactPact
Why was this a shock?Why was this a shock? Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they Nazis and Communists were both Totalitarians, but they
also hated each other. also hated each other. Why would the Nazis do it? Why would the Nazis do it?
Avoid two front war… Avoid two front war…
Why would the Soviets do it? Why would the Soviets do it? Aim Hitler’s army at the WestAim Hitler’s army at the West Gain time to prepare (remember purges???)Gain time to prepare (remember purges???)
On On Sept. 1Sept. 1stst, 1939, 1939, Poland was invaded from the , Poland was invaded from the East and the West simultaneously. Britain and East and the West simultaneously. Britain and France declared war on Germany. WWII has France declared war on Germany. WWII has begun. begun.
Hitler Turns WestHitler Turns West French are OK, French are OK,
though, right?though, right?
Maginot LineMaginot Line
WEAKNESS!!WEAKNESS!!!!
Ardennes ForestArdennes Forest
BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg
““lightning warlightning war”” Opposite of Opposite of trench warfaretrench warfare
from WWI from WWI Bombers create Bombers create
confusion and cut confusion and cut communicationscommunications
Tanks cut through Tanks cut through the enemy line and the enemy line and
go straight for go straight for the population centersthe population centers
Germany Germany Tanks sneak Tanks sneak through the through the ArdennesArdennes
France falls in …France falls in … 5 weeks…5 weeks…
Think about Think about WWI for a second…WWI for a second…
One Bright Spot in the Fall of One Bright Spot in the Fall of FranceFrance
The The Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk A British Army that was stationed A British Army that was stationed
in France turns and runs like hell in France turns and runs like hell A fleet of army boats, but also A fleet of army boats, but also
pleasure boats, picks up and saves pleasure boats, picks up and saves the British Armythe British Army
Miracle Miracle at Dunkirkat Dunkirk
Vichy FranceVichy France
PetainPetain De GaulleDe Gaulle
England Stands AloneEngland Stands Alone
Chamberlain Out/ Chamberlain Out/ Churchill InChurchill In
Why??? Why???
Well Sort of AloneWell Sort of Alone
The U.S., under The U.S., under President Franklin President Franklin RooseveltRoosevelt ( (FDRFDR) starts the ) starts the Lend-Lend-LeaseLease Program Program ‘‘We’ll give you military supplies until We’ll give you military supplies until
you can give them back later’you can give them back later’ This is an oversimplification, but you get the This is an oversimplification, but you get the
idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. idea…tricky ways found by the U.S. president to aid the Britishpresident to aid the British
Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still Remember, lots of people in the U.S. still support isolationism support isolationism
Britain Must Hold Out Against A Britain Must Hold Out Against A German InvasionGerman Invasion
British Navy Must Hold the English British Navy Must Hold the English ChannelChannel However, this can only last as long as However, this can only last as long as
Britain controls the air Britain controls the air In WWII war, the airplane is supreme In WWII war, the airplane is supreme
The The Battle of BritainBattle of Britain was an air battle was an air battle fought between the German Air Force fought between the German Air Force ((LuftwaffeLuftwaffe) and the British Air Force () and the British Air Force (the the RAFRAF) )
Battle of Britain v Battle of Britain v London London BlitzBlitz
•Goal???
•Why Hitler gave up???
•Goal???
““Never Never have so have so many many
owed so owed so much to much to so few.”so few.”
In the End, In the End, Britain Britain HeldHeld
Hitler Turns EastwardsHitler Turns Eastwards
Lebensraum Lebensraum To Hitler To Hitler
Bolshevism= Jewish Conspiracy for Bolshevism= Jewish Conspiracy for World Domination World Domination
Operation Operation BarbarossaBarbarossa Hitler angry! Hitler angry! Attack from Germany into RussiaAttack from Germany into Russia Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and Hitler is hoping for lebensraum and
resources resources ‘‘My empire will last for 1000 My empire will last for 1000
years.’ years.’ Whose biography should Hitler have Whose biography should Hitler have
studied? studied? Operation Barbarossa started 129 years Operation Barbarossa started 129 years
to the dayto the day after Napoleon’s invasion of after Napoleon’s invasion of RussiaRussia. .
Hitler's Hitler's Commissar OrderCommissar Order to his to his Generals Before Operation Generals Before Operation
BarbarossaBarbarossa
"The war against Russia cannot be fought "The war against Russia cannot be fought in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of in knightly fashion. The struggle is one of ideologies and racial differences and will ideologies and racial differences and will have to be waged with unprecedented, have to be waged with unprecedented, unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All unmerciful, and unrelenting hardness. All officers will have to get rid of any old officers will have to get rid of any old fashioned ideas they may have. … Any fashioned ideas they may have. … Any German soldier who breaks international German soldier who breaks international law will be pardoned. “law will be pardoned. “
The Nazi execution of Soviet civilians kneeling by the side of a mass grave at Kraigonev, USSR, following the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Anyone suspected of being a Communist official, along with Red Army officers and male Jews were chosen for execution.
•On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa On the 1st day of Operation Barbarossa advancing German forces passed a Russian advancing German forces passed a Russian train bringing supplies to Germany. What train bringing supplies to Germany. What does this show?does this show?
•In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air-In the first 24 hours alone, the Russian Air-Force was almost entirely destroy and Force was almost entirely destroy and hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers hundreds of thousands of Russian soldiers taken prisoner or killedtaken prisoner or killed
•Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached Within a year, Hitler’s forces have reached his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and his targets- Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet Stalingrad, hundreds of miles into the Soviet UnionUnion
Surprise!Surprise!
Pacific TheaterPacific Theater
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Why did the Japanese do it? Why did the Japanese do it?
Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Japanese then won a string of Japanese then won a string of
victories in the Pacific as the U.S. victories in the Pacific as the U.S. attempted to recover from the attempted to recover from the nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet nearly fatal blow to its Pacific Fleet
Pearl Harbor from a satellite
From the Start of the War (Sept. From the Start of the War (Sept. 1939) through winter 1941, the 1939) through winter 1941, the
Axis Has Been (almost) Axis Has Been (almost) UnstoppableUnstoppable
Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Behind the impenetrable Axis lines, Hitler has the time and privacy to Hitler has the time and privacy to start his promised start his promised Final Solution Final Solution extermination of the Jews extermination of the Jews