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almß KmÔn

`mcX¯nsâ im]w cmwZmkv KmÔn

Malayalam Translation of A.P Madan’s famous book

Mahatma Gandhi

A curse for Bharat -Ramdas Gandhi

(son of mahatma Gandhi)

Malayalam Translation

By

Sathya swaroopa ISBN: 978-1-329-70508-1

FIRST EDITION (JAN 2016)

PRICE RS : 350.00/-

Genere : History

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kaÀ¸Ww `mcX¯nsâ hn`P\Ime¯v knbmðtIm«nð (Cós¯

]m¡nkvXm\nð) h¨v acWs¸« Fsâ hµyamXmhv {ioaXn IkvXqÀ_ KmÔnbpsS ]mh\ kvacWbv¡mbv kaÀ¸n¡póp. 1947 G{]nð a²yt¯msS hS¡pþ]Snªmd³ ]m¡nkvXm³ AXnÀ¯n {]hiybnepÅ "tZcm Ckvabnð' Pnñbnse Ipem¨n ]«W¯nepÅ lnµp¡fpsS Dòqe\mi¯n\v km£yw hln¨ tijw 1947 sabv BZyhmcw shÌv ]ôm_nse anbm³hmen Pnñbnse"Zcym Jm³' dbnðth tÌj\nð F¯m³ R§fpsS IpSpw_w knÔp\Zn ISóp. Zcym Jm\nð \nópw Ipµnbm³ hgn eme aqkbneqsS kôcn¨v emtlmdneqsS thWambncpóp R§Ä¡v knbmðtIm«nse¯m³. A¡me¯v AhnsS Fsâ ]nXmhv lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJpImcpsSbpw kÀÆ\miw ImWm³ tkh\w \S¯pópïmbncpóp. 1947 BKkvXnð At±l¯nsâ ITn\amb {iaw ̂ ew ImWpIbpw sNbvXp. Zcym Jm\nð \nópw emtlmdntebv¡v hfsc ssZÀLytadnb bm{Xbmbncpóp. Xohïnbnse AXnbmb Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw aqew Fsâ amXmhn s\bpw ktlmZcnsbbpw h\nXIÄ¡mbn {]tXyIapÅ I¼mÀ«v saânð Ibän Ccp¯nbtijw R§Ä bm{X Bcw`n¨p. h\nX IÄ¡mbpÅ I¼mÀ«psaânð XmcXtay\ Xnc¡v Ipdhmbncp óp. h\nXmI¼mÀ«psaânð apÉow kv{XoIÄ Bcpw Xsó Dïmbncpónñ. Fómð hgn at²y Hcp tÌj\nð \nópw Hcp apÉow kv{Xo I_mÀ«vsaânð IbdpIbpw _nlmdnð lnµp¡Ä apÉo§sf sIme sNbvXXnð AaÀjw ]qïv Dds¡ lnµp¡Ä s¡Xnsc IbÀ¯v kwkmcn¡m³ XpS§pIbpw sNbvXp. I¼mÀ«psaânepïmbncpó lnµpkv{XoIÄ Duabmb B«n³]ä §sft¸mse Fñmw tI«v anïmXncpóp. BÀ¡pw Xsó Ahsc FXnÀ¡m\pÅ ss[cyw Dïmbncpónñ. Fsâ A½bv¡v CXv A[nIt\cw kln¨v tI«ncn¡phm³ Ignªnñ. _wKmfnð

i

lnµphwilXy¡v XpS¡w Ipdn¨Xv apÉo§fmbncpóp Fóv A½ Xncn¨Sn¨p. IqSmsX _wKmfnse lnµp A`bmÀ°nIÄ Xe Nmbv¡m³ CS¯n\mbn _olmdnð F¯nbt¸mÄ AhnsS DÅ apÉo§Ä¡v t\scbpïmb {]XnIcWw XnI¨pw kzm`mho Iw am{Xambncpóp Fópw lnµp¡sf ]gnNmcm\pÅ ss[cyw \n§Ä¡v FhnsS \nóv In«n ?.Fópw IqSn tNmZn¡pIbpïmbn. tijapÅ bm{Xbnð B apÉow kv{XobpsS hmbv aqSns¡«m³ C{Xbpw [mcmfambncpóp.

cmwZmkv KmÔn

ii

Nnń¡q þ a\Ênem¡q þ DWcq!

1.Cóv cmPys¯ GsXmcp ]mÀ«nbnsebpw, hn`mK¯nse bpw GXv t\Xmhmbncpómepw icn, A[nImciàn Øm\ §fnse¯m³ am{Xw thm«n\p thïn P\§fpsS apónð Ip\n bpIbpw A[nImc¯nse¯nb tijw AôphÀjw Ahsc NqjWw sN¿pIbpw sImÅbSn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. A[nImc ¯nse¯nb t\Xm¡Ä, t]meokpImcpsSbpw KpïIfpsSbpw klmbt¯msS AhcpsS Ioibpw _m¦v _me³kpw hnIkn ¸n¡póXnð hym]rXcmIpóp.

2.kzmX{éÐn¡v 48 hÀj¯n\v tijhpw (hn`Pn¡s¸«Xv kXy¯nð cmPyw asämcp t]cnembncpóp) Cu t\Xm¡Ä P\§sf Zcn{Zcpw, ]«nWn¡mcpw, DSpXpWn¡v adpXpWnbnñm ¯hcpw, \nc£ccpambn \ne\nÀ¯n. IqSmsX `mjbpsSbpw, tZi¯nsâbpw, aX¯nsâbpw, PmXnbpsSbpw, hÀ¤¯nsâbpw t]cnð Hcp cmPy¯nsâ DÅnepÅ ]ecmPy§sft¸mse kz´w kzmÀ° Xmev]cy§Ä¡v thïn Ahsc `nón¸n¨v `cn¨p sImïncpóp.

3.AhÀ \nb{´Ww, kwhcWw, s]Àanäv, tdj³, hnev¸\ \nIpXn, B`yć \nIpXn, sXmgnð \nba§Ä, tZikmð¡ cWw XpS§nbhbneqsS cmPys¯ AgnaXnbpsS Iq¯c§m¡n amän. AhkchmZnIfmb Cu t\Xm¡fpsS \mSIw ]cn]qÀ® kXykÔcmbn Bcpanñ Fóv hcp¯n XoÀ¡pIbpw AXphgn X§fpsS knwlmk\w kpc£nXam¡pIbpw Bbncpóp.

4.AhcpsS ]²XnIÄ P\§Ä AhcpsS ASnaIfmWv Fóv HmÀ½n¸n¡pw hn[w Bbncpóp Asñ¦nð AXp Xsó Bbncn¡mw AhÀ B{Kln¨ncpóXv. AXns\ AhÀ A¨S¡w Fó Hma\t¸cnð hnfn¨psImïv P\§sf AhiyhkvXp ¡Ä¡pw Imcy§Ä¡pw thïn HutZymXoI ]cnanXnIÄ Ið¸n¨v aWn¡qdpItfmfw hcnIfnð \nÀ¯n Iãs¸Sp¯n sImïncpóp.

iii

GsX¦nepw Hcp cm{ãob t\Xmhv kamPoI kaXzhmZ ¯nð Dd¨p \nópsImïv kz´w tdj\pthïnbpw, as®® XpS§n Bhiy§Ä¡v thïnbpw hcnbnð \nón«ptïm? C\n \nev¡ptam?

Nn´n¡q, a\Ênem¡q, Cu KqVmtemN\IÄs¡Xnsc \n§fpsS iÐw DbÀ¯q. Asñ¦nð ChnsS Hcp cmPyhpw, [À½hpw, kaqlhpw, hnizmkhpw \ne\nð¡pIbnñ. \msañmw ASnaIfmb hfÀ¯parK§sft¸mse \oNhpw \nµyhpamb Cu hyhØIfpambn CW§nt¨tcïn hcpw.

iv

Cw¥ojv ]Xn¸nsâ BapJw

KmÔnbpsS A\pbmbnIÄ At±ls¯ ssZhambn IcpXn

hnizmkw AÀ¸n¡pIbpw C³Uy hfsc A[nIw {]iv\§Ä t\cn«psImïncn¡pIbmWv Fóv IcpXpIbpw sNbvXncpóp. Fómð R§Ä KmÔnb³ Bib§Ä kzoIcn¨ncpónñ. Cu teJ\¯neqsS hkvXpXIfneqsSbpw IW¡pIfneqsSbpw Nne bmYmÀXy kXy§Ä Nqïn¡mWn¡m\pÅ efnXamb {iaamWv \S¯nbncn¡póXv. 1947 \v tijapÅ kzmX{´ eÐnXw Fóv tLmjn¡s¸Spó ImebfhpIfS¡w \mw Cóv A`napJoIcn ¡pó Fñm {]iv\§Ä¡pw ImcWw \mw KmÔnsb A\pKan ¨XpsImïv am{XamWv. s{]m. Dt]{µ _mIvkn Cu kmlNcy §sf apgph\mbpw Iq«ns¡«ns¡mïv C§s\ ]dbpóp. taml³ Zmknsâbpw PhlÀemð s\{lphnsâbpw A\pbmbn IÄ C³Uysb A]lcn¨p. Cóv C³Uysb X«nsbSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp sImïncn¡póp.

\mw KmÔntbmSv bm{Xmsamgn C\nbpw ]dªnsñ¦nð \s½ Im¯ncn¡póXv IqSpXð Ipg¸§fmWv. e£yw At±l s¯ A]IoÀ¯ns¸Sp¯pI Fó e£yt¯msS hntcm[w Im«pIbñ, adn¨v cmPys¯ P\§sf At±l¯nsâ cmPy hncp² \b§Ä¡v FXnscbpw hnÍn¯c§Äs¡Xnscbpw t_m[hð¡cn¡pI FóXmWv. At±l¯nsâ t]cn\p ap³]n se almß Fó hntijWw t]mepw tNmZyw sN¿s¸Spó XmWv. At±l¯nsâ Zpjv{]hÀ¯nIsf Ipdn¨v Hcp henb ]pkvXIw Xsó cNn¡m³ Ignbpw. hfsc XpÑamb Afhnð cNn¨ At±l¯nsâ Nne \ñ {KÙ§Ä cmPy¯ns\Xncmbn At±lw sNbvX {]Xnhn[nbnñm¯ lo\IrXy§Ä¡v aptómSn bmbpÅ \nÊmcamb AXnÀhc¼pIÄ am{Xambncpóp. Cu {KÙw At±l¯nsâ ZpÀ\S¸nsâbpw Zpjv{]hÀ¯nIsfbpw ImWn¡pó Hcp sNdp shfn¨w am{XamWv.

B\µv {]Imiv aZ³

v

aebmfw ]Xn¸nsâ BapJw

BhnjvImc kzmX{´w. Cóv hfsc \mw A[nIw tIÄ¡p ó Hcp hm¡mWv AXv. BhnjvImc kzmX{´¯ntòð ISóp Ibäw DïmIpóp Fóv {]Jym]\§Ä \S¯nbpw {]Xnt£[ ambn In«nb ]pckvImc§Ä XncnsI \ðInbpw hnhn[ taJe IfnepÅ Fgp¯pImcpw IemImcòmcpw tZiobX ASnØm\ am¡n {]hÀ¯n¡pó Hcp Khs×âns\ A]am\n¡m\pw temI¯nsâ apónð C³Uy hfsc AklnjvWpX \ndª cmPyamWv Fóv hcp¯nXoÀ¯v aäv cmPy§Ä¡v apónð `mcXs¯ Icnhmcn tXbv¡m³ hnLS\hmZnIÄ {ia§Ä \S¯n hcpó Cu Ahkc¯nð BhnjvImc kzmX{´saóXv GsX¦nepw Hcp hn`mK¯n\v am{Xw A\phZn¡s¸«n«pÅ Hóñ Fóv ]dbphm³ am{Xañ a\knem¡n Xcphm³ IqSn B{Kln ¡pIbmWv. Cóv kaql¯nepw tkmjyð aoUnbIfnepw lnµp¡sfbpw, lnµp tZhXIÄ, lnµp \thm°m\ \mbIòmÀ Fónhsc ]cnlkn¡pIbpw A]am\n¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw sN¿póXv temIsa¼mSpapÅ ktlmZc§sf \n§Ä ImWpó XmWtñm!. CsXñmw Xsó BhnjvImc kzmX{´amIpIbpw aäpaXØcpsS Imcy¯nð BIpt¼mÄ AXv hnizmk¯n³ taepÅ ISóp Ibäw BhpIbpw sN¿póXv F§ns\bmWv?. AXpsImïpw Xocpónñ AXv sNbvXhs\ {Iqin¨pw Ahsâ I¿pw Imepw sh«nbpw Poh\pw kz¯n\pw FXnsc XpSÀ¨bmbn th«bmSn ckn¡póXpw GXv klnjvWpXbpsS t]cnemWv. Fómð C¯c¯nepÅ Imcy§Ä ImWpt¼mÄ, tIÄ¡p t¼mÄ I]SatXXccmb _p²nPohnIfpw am[ya§fpw \nba ]meIcpw AXns\Xnsc Cc«¯m¸v \b§fmWv kzoIcn¡póXv. FñmhÀ¡pw Htc \nbaw Fó Im]Sy\mSIw Ifn¡pIbpw ]Whpw A[nImchpw DÅhsâ Imcyw hcpt¼mÄ \ymbhpw \oXnbpw Imänð ]d¯pIbpw A\ymb¯n\v FXnsc I®pw ImXpw hmbpw sIm«n ASbv¡pó \nba]oT§fpw \nba ]meIòmcpw DÅ \m«nð kXyambn«pÅ Imcy§Ä ]dbp t¼mÄ am{Xw AXns\ ASn¨aÀ¯m³ thïn Im«mf \nba ¯nsâ ]pkvXI¯mfpIÄ adn¡m³ lrZbw XpSn¡pó \nba ]meIsc \n§Ä Bßm`nam\w ]Wbw h¨v tIhew ̀ b¯nsâ

vi

t]cnepw In«pó ]Ws¡«nsâ t]cnepw cmPys¯ A]IS s¡Wnbntebv¡v ap¡n¯mgv¯n sImïncn¡póp FóXv Hcp kXyw am{XamWv. ASnäÀ¯m\pw sImóp XÅm\pw ]dbpó aXhpw AXnð hnizkn¡pó Hcp P\Xbpw DÅnSt¯mfw Imew lnµp P\XbpsS PohnXw IqSpXð Aklyambn Xocpw FóXv hmkvXhamWv. {]IrXnhncp² hnizmk {]amW§Ä apdpsI ]nSn¨ P\X kam[m\ PohnX¯n\v hne§pXSn Bbn¯ocpw. ImcWw ]ckv]c hncp²amb cïv hnizmk§Ä kamćambn kôcn¡pIbpÅp. AXvv Hcn¡epw tbmPn¡pIbnñ. hnizmkw FóXv ImeN{I¯n\\pkcn¨v IqSnbpw Ipdªpw Ccn¡pw FóñmsX CñmXmIm³ t]mIpópanñ. KmÔn]p{X\mð Xsó i]n¡s¸«h\mb KmÔnsb Ipdn¨pÅ Cu {KÙw B\µv {]Imiv aZsâ hnhmZamb " KmÔn F Igvkv t^mÀ `mcXv ' Fó ]pkvXIs¯ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅXmWv. Cu ]pkvXI¯n ð ]dªn«pÅ hkvXpXIÄ a\Ênem¡m\pw AXns\ ]än Nnń¨v sXäpw icnbpw hniIe\w sN¿phm\pw DÅ t_m[w Cós¯ Xeapdbv¡v Dïv. BbXn\mð Cu ]pkvXI¯ns\ ]än Nnń¨v Icªp hnfn¡m³ _p²nPohnIÄ Fóv kzbw hnizkn¡póhÀ aptóm«v htcï Imcyanñ. kmam\yt_m[hpw _p²nbpw BcpsSbpw Ip¯Ibpañ. AXn\mð s\ñpw ]Xncpw hmb\¡mÀ thÀXncn¡s«. XInSw adnª \nbahyhØbpw AgnaXn\ndª `cW hyhØbpw I]SatXXcpw ]W¯n\p tað hmÀ¯IÄ krãn¡pó am[ya§fpw \ndª cmPy¯nsâ Cu AhØbv¡v ImcWw F´v FóXv P\w Xocpam\n¡s«! ImcWw AXv AhcpsS kzmX{ámWv. CXv Fsâ BhnjvImc kzmX{´hpw.

hnhÀ¯I³

vii

kqNnI

A²ymbwþ1

AXncpIhnª KmÔnb³ {IqcXIÄ ........................................................ 11

*40 e£w lnµp¡fpsS sIme]mXIw : KmÔnbpw s\{lp IpSpw_hpw D¯chmZnIÄ ............................................................................. 14

*sImð¡¯ lnµp¡sf sImñm³ apÉnw sIme]mXInIÄ¡v KmÔnbpsS XpW ............................................................................................... 18

*]Snªmd³ ]ôm_nse apÉn§Ä ]m¡nkvXm\nte¡v IpSntbdpóXv KmÔn XSªp. amÌÀ XmcmknwKv KmÔnsb FXnÀ¯p. ............................................................................................................. 20

A²ymbwþ2

ImivaoÀ {]iv\w ; KmÔnþs\{lp krãn lnµpIq«s¡mebpsS D¯chmZnIÄ ...................................................................................................... 22

A²ymbwþ3

KmÔnbpsS Im]Syw \ndª A{IacmlnXyw(Alnwk)\mSIw .... 26

*KmÔn ]ip¡fpsS Iim¸pImc³ ............................................................ 27

A²ymbwþ4

KmÔnbpsS lnµn hntcm[hpw DdpZphnt\mSpÅ arZp kao]\hpw .. 31

*ZpÀ_e hn`mKw lnµp¡tfmSv {InkvXy³, CÉmw aXw kzoIcn ¡m³ KmÔnbpsS Blzm\w. lnµp¡Ä \µn DÅhcmbncn t¡ïXv tUm. Awt_ZvIdnt\mSv am{Xw. ................................................ 32

A²ymbwþ5

cma\pw IrjvW\pw Pohn¨ncpónñ ; KmÔn ............................................ 36

*KmÔn BcykamPs¯bpw kzman Zbm\µns\bpw \nµn¡póp. 37

*càkm£nIfmb kzman {i²m\µv, kÀZmÀ `KXv knwKv FónhÀ¡v taepÅ KmÔnbpsS hnizmk hô\ .............................. 39

*BcykamP¯nsâbpw lnµp almk`bpsSbpw kam[m\]c amb {]Xnt£[§Ä hÀ¤nbsaópw cmPyt{Zml]csaópw

viii

ap{ZIp¯pó KmÔn sslZcm_mZnse CÉmaoI `cWm[nImcn bmb \nkmans\ ]n´pWbv¡póp. ........................................................... 40

A²ymbwþ6

]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcWw Fsâ PU¯n\p aosX am{Xw; KmÔn bpsS hô\ \ndª kXykÔX ............................................................. 43

*KmÔn Hcp `ocp.""tl! cmw''Fóv ]dªn«nñ. ]s£ aq{Xsamgn ¡pIbpw hmbnð \nóv \pcbpw ]pIbpw hcpIbpw sNbvXp. ........ 46

A²ymbwþ7

Pnó¡v \ymbapïmbncpóp. Fómð KmÔn lnµp¡sf hôn¨p 49

*KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[nbñ F¦nð hn`PnX C³UybpsS Øm\am\§Ä B{Kln¨Xpw Ae¦cn ¨Xpw F´n\v?...................................................................................................... 51

*ssk\oIsc A]am\n¡pó KmÔn ; ssk\oIÀ I¡qkv hr¯nbm¡Ww Fóv KmÔnbpsS Iev]\ ........................................... 53

A²ymbwþ8

KmÔnbpw KmÔnbcpw cmPy¯nsâ Gähpw henb i{Xp¡Ä ........ 59

*""\n§fpsS PohnXw lnµp PmXn¡v im]ambn¯oÀóncn¡póp'' KmÔn¡v ]p{X³ cmwZmkv KmÔnbpsS imk\. .................................. 60

*KmÔnbpw KmÔnkhpw C³Uy¡v \ðInb Zn\§fpw (15 BKkvXv,26 P\phcn) {XnhÀ®]XmI Fó A]am\hpw. ............. 62

*KmÔn ssZhZqX³ Fóv \Sn¡póp. ...................................................... 63

A²ymbwþ9

BßkvXpXnbnð can¡pIbpw cm{ã]nXmshóv \ymbnIcn¡m³ {ian¡póh\pamb KmÔn ............................................................................... 64

*KmÔn ]m]hpw, Ipähpw A[À½hpw sN¿m³ ss[cyw ]Icpóp. ................................................................................................................................... 65

*1947 BKkvXv 14,15 AÀ²cm{XnIÄ; KmÔnbpsS PhlÀ aZy¯nð ap§n¯mW cm{XnIÄ ............................................................... 67

A²ymbwþ10

KmÔnbpsS efnX PohnXw Fó X«n¸v .................................................... 69

ix

*temI¯nsâbpw UNO bpsSbpw I®nð C³Uysbbpw lnµphns\bpw XcwXmgv¯nb KmÔn....................................................... 70

*Pnó ]m¡nkvXm³ KhÀ®À P\dð Fó \nebnð Xsó ImWqhm³ KmÔnsb A\phZn¨nñ. ......................................................... 72

A²ymbwþ11

KmÔn h[hpw \mYqdmw tKmUvsktbmSpÅ BZcmÚenbpw ...... 76

*KmÔnbpsS Fñm A\pbmbnIfpw ]m]nIfmb IpähmfnIÄ ..... 79

x

A²ymbwþ1

AXncpIhnª KmÔnb³ {IqcXIÄ KmÔnbpsS A\pbmbnIÄ At±ls¯ IcpWbpsSbpw

AlnwkbpsSbpw A{IacmlnXy¯nsâbpw ssZhZqX\mbn {]iwkn¨p. Fómð C³Uy³ Ncn{X¯nð IpähmfnIfpsS klmbnbpw {Iqc\pw Bb KmÔnsb AñmsX R§Ä¡v AhÀ AhImis¸Spó Xc¯nepÅ Hcp KmÔnsb ImWphm³ Ignªnñ. C³UybpsS hn`P\ Imebfhnð (1946þ48) sIm¯n Acnbs¸« knJv, lnµp P\§Ä¡pw ]m¡nkvXm³ apÉn§ fmð _emÕwKw sN¿s¸«hcpw, X«ns¡mïp t]mIs¸«Xpw, {Iqcamb bmX\IÄ Gðt¡ïn hóhcpamb AhcpsS kv{Xo IÄ¡pw Ip«nIÄ¡pw t\sc bmsXmcp hn[¯nepw DÅ ImcpWy hpw KmÔnbnð Ahtijn¨ncpónñ. hfsc A[nIw lnµp, knJv kv{XoIfpw bphXnIfpw AhcpsS Poh³ I\mepIfnepw, \Zn Ifnepw, InWdpIfnepw Ahkm\n¸n¨p. Cu hn[¯nepÅ Imcy§Ä kw`hn¨v sImïncn¡pt¼mÄ ImcpWy¯nsâbpw kvt\l¯nsâbpw aqÀ¯o`mhw Ahsc klmbn¡m\mbn Hópw Xsó sNbvXnñ. AtXkabw At±lw t\mJen (Cós¯ _w¥mtZinð) bnse A`bmÀ°nItfmSv Poh`b¯mð AhnsS \nópw ]meb\w \S¯cpXv Fópw aS§n ho«nð sNóv Ahsc sImñm³ hcpóhsc kvt\ln¡pIbpw AhcpsS \ò B{Kln ¡pIbpw sN¿pI FópapÅ kmtcm]tZiamWv \ðInbXv. I¯nsbcnbpó emtlmdneqsS (Cós¯ ]m¡nkvXm\nð) bm{X sN¿sh t]Sn¨cï lnµp¡tfmSv At±l¯nsâ D]tZiw ...""emtlmÀ acn¡pIbmsW¦nð AXnt\msSm¸w acn¡pI'' FóXmbncpóp. (]mÀ«oj³ B³Uv B^väÀaXvþ satambnÀkv Hm^v B³ Aw_mknUÀ, tIhð knwKv, t]Pv 49)

23 sk]vXw_À 1947 se {]mÀ°\m tbmK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp þ""tZcm Kmkn Jm³ apXepw dmhð]nÞn apXepw Rm³ lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw \ntbmKw Iïp. At¸mgpw KmÔn¡v ]m¡nkvXm\nse Hmtcm `mK§fnepapÅ lnµp¡

12 almß KmÔn `mcX¯nsâ im]w

Ä¡pw knJvImÀ¡pw ]m¡nkvXm³ A[nIrXÀ ]qÀ® kwc£ Ww \ðIpw FóXnð bmsXmcp kwibhpw Dïmbncpónñ. At±lw Xsâ D]tZiw C{]Imcw BhÀ¯n¨p; "\n§Ä hoSpIÄ Dt]£n¨v t]mIpóXn\v ]Icw BWp§sft¸mse acn¡phm³ X¿mdmIWw. A`nam\t¯mSpw ss[cyt¯mSpw hocNcaw {]m]n¡pó Iebv¡v {]tXyI ]cnioe\¯nsâ Bhiyanñ.' (t]Pv 33, Uðln Ubdnþ F If£¬ Hm^v kv]o¨vkv ss_ Fw.sI. KmÔn {^w 10þ09þ1947 Sp 30þ01þ1948 \hvPoh³ ]»ojnwKv lukv, Al½Zm_mZv).

C¯c¯nð hyÀYhpw D]tbmK iyq\yhpw Bb D]tZi §fmWv KmÔn \ncmbp[cpw, {]Xntcm[iàn Cñm¯hcpw, \nÊlmbcpamb kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpw AS§pó lnµp, knJv kaql¯n\v \evInbncpóXv. C¯c¯nepÅ ImcpWyhpw AlnwkbpamtWm At±lw AhÀ¡v \ðtIïnbncpóXv?. AtXkabw KmÔn Xsâ ZpÀ_ehpw, ipjvIn¨v Fñn³ tXmSmbXpw, cïv s]¬Ip«nIfpsS klmbanñmsX \nhÀóv \nev¡m³ tijnbnñm¯Xpamb Xsâ icocs¯ 125 hÀjw hsc tXPkpäXm¡phm³ thïn ip²amb ]iphn³ ]mepw, tX\pw, DW¡ ]ghÀ¤§fpw \pIcpóXnð hym]rX\mbncpóp. KmÔnbpsS C¯c¯nepÅ {]hÀ¯n F{Xtbm eÖmIcamWv Fóv BtemNn¨v t\m¡pI. kzman iÀ²\µv Uðlnbnse Nmµv\n Nu¡nð Xsâ A\pbmbnIÄ¡v thïn {_n«ojv ssk\y¯nsâ tXm¡n³ Ipgenð \nópXnÀó shSnbpïIÄ s\ôv hncn¨v t\cn«Xpt]mse dmhð]nÞnbnte¡pw tZcm Kmkn Jm\ntebv¡pw sNóv sImïv apÉn§tfmSv Xsâ A\pbmbnIfmb lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw sImesN¿pó Xn\v apómbn Fsó sImñq Fóv ]dbpóXn\v ]Icw F´n\v C¯c¯nepÅ \nÀZbamb A\pI_bpw aäpÅhtcmSv acn¡p hm³ \nÀt±in¡pó [À½`mjWhpw \ðIn?. AXn{Iqc\mb HudwKtk_v Fó apÉnw `cWm[nImcnbpsS ZÞ\§fnð \nóv Imivaocn ]ÞnäpIsf c£n¡m\mbn Kpcp tXJv _lZqÀ PohXymKw sNbvXp. F´psImïv KmÔn C¯c¯nepÅ DZmlcW§Ä A\pIcn¡m³ Iq«m¡nbnñ?. C¯c¯nð acn¡m³ `bapÅ `ocphmbncpóp KmÔnsb¦nð X\n¡v hnt[b\mb, Hcn¡epw A\pkcWt¡Sv ImWn¡m¯ Khs× ânt\mSv ]m¡nkvXm\nse lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw


Poh³ kwc£n¡m³ F´psImïv \nÀt±iw \evInbnñ?. F´psImïv Ahsc c£n¡m³ Hcp sNdphncð t]mepw A\¡nbnñ. Fóncpómepw ]mInkvXms\Xnsc kw`hn¨ Imcy¯nsâ {]Xn[z\n C³Uybnð apg§nbt¸mÄ hr²³ DS\Sn acWw hsc D]hkn¡m³ X¿mdmbn. lnµphn\pw, apkð am\pw cïv \b§Ä kzoIcn¡pó, Cc«¯m¸v Xótbm almßmhmIm\pÅ tbmKyX?.

HcpImcyw hfsc hyàambncpóp, At±lw lnµp¡tfmSv {Iqcamb \ne]mSmWv kzoIcn¨ncpóXv. AXn\pÅ asämcp DZmlcWamWv am¸nf elf. Cu elfbnð 2500 lnµp¡sf apÉnw hÀ¤nbhmZnIÄ sh«nbcnªv sImes¸Sp¯pIbpw 20000 t]sc apÉnw§Ä _ew {]tbmKn¨v aXw amäpIbpw sNbvXp. Jnem^¯v {]Øm\¯nsâ aptóä¯n\v kw`hn¨ tXmðhn¡v tijw Xsâ {]kwK¯nð KmÔn Ahsc A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXXv " [ocòmcmb Fsâ am¸nf ktlmZc§sf' FómWv. lnµp¡sf Iq«s¡me \S¯póXmtWm [ocX? hoc kmlkw?.

FsâXsó A\p`h¯nð \nópÅ Hcp kw`hw ChnsS hnhcn¡póXv {]kàamWv Fóv tXmópóp. 1972 Unkw_dnð Rm\pw `mcybpw IqSn \¦ð ]«W¯nð \nópw AhfpsS A½mhn Xmakn¡pó ^ntdmkv]qÀ ]«W¯ntebv¡v t]mbn. Hcp RmbdmgvN R§Ä Xpcn _kmdnse BcykamP¯nð h¨v \Só kÕwK¯nð ]s¦Sp¯p. hfsc XWp¸pÅ Znhkamb Xn\mð ]¯pt]À am{Xta kÕwKnð ]s¦Sp¯pÅp. CSbv¡v kzm`mhoIambn R§fpsS {i² GItZiw 60 hbÊv {]mbw tXmón¡pó SÀ_³ [cn¨ncn¡pó _lpam\y\mb Bcy kamPw {]knUânsâ t\À¡v Xncnªp. kÕwK¯n\v tijw At±lw R§tfmSv kckhpw kvt\l]qÀ®hpamb `mjbnð kwkmcn¡pIbpw R§sf¸än Xnc¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Rm³ Xncn¨v At±ls¯¸än BcmbpIbpw sNbvXp. At±lw ]dªp, 1947 hsc AhÀ tjJv]pc (]m¡nkvXm\nse emtlmdnð \nópw 40 In.an.)bnð Bbncpóp Xmakn¨ncpóXv. At±lw henb tIm¬{KÊv {]hÀ¯I³ Bbncpóp. KmÔnbpsS D]tZihpw DZcWnIfpw A\pkcn¨v {]tZis¯ lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImsc bpw kpc£nXamb Øm\t¯bv¡v t]mIm³ A\phZn¡msX AhnsS Xsó X§m³ At±lw t{]cn¸n¨p. ^ew lnµp ]pcpjòmsc apgph\mbpw apÉn§Ä sImsómSp¡n. kv{XoIfpw


s]¬Ip«nIfpw X«ns¡mïv t]mIs¸«p. HcpIW¡n\v At±l ¯nsâ IpSpw_w c£s¸«p. am\koIambn hfsc Bg¯nð apdnthð¡s¸« At±l¯n\v Xm\mWv Cu alm]mXI¯n\v D¯chmZn Fóv tXmón. 1947 BKkvXnð \Só Cu lo\amb B{IaW¯nð 22000 (Ccp]¯n cïmbncw) lnµp¡sf 48 aWn¡qdn\pÅnð apÉn§Ä, apÉow ssk\oIÀ, t]meokpImÀ FónhcpsS klmb¯mð \nÀZbw h[n¨p. Cu bYmÀ°yw C³UybpsS {]Ya {][m\a{´n PhlÀemð s\{lp AwKoIcn ¨n«pÅXmWv. (HmÀKss\kÀ, 14--þsabv þ1995, Imt_Pv B³Uv InwKvkv ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb).

kXy¯nð BcykamPw {]knUâv sXäpImc\ñ. At±lw KmÔnbpsS D]tZi¯n\v A\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pI am{XamWv sNbvXXv. Fóncn¡bmepw At±l¯n\v Xm³ AXnsâ `mKambXnð At§bäw Ipät_m[apïv. B Ipät_m[¯mð At±l¯n\v Xsâ tPmenbnð {i²n¡m³ IgnbmsX hóp. A§ns\ At±lw Xsâ PohnXw kmaqloIhpw aX]chpamb tkh\§Ä¡mbn Nnehgn¡póp. t\scadn¨v tImSn¡W¡n\v P\§sf sXämbn hgn \bn¨n«pw KmÔn¡v AXnsâ Ipät_m[w ehteiw Hcn¡ðt¸mepw tXmónbn«nñ. 10 e£w lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw sImesN¿s¸«n«pw At±lw Xsâ hnÍnXzw \ndª D]tZiw XpSÀóv sImïncpóp. At±l¯ns\ kw_Ôn¨nS t¯mfw lnµphnsâ Poh\v Hcp hnebpw Dïmbncpónñ. apÉn§fpsS t£ahpw ZpÀ_eamb Xsâ icocw 125 hbÊphsc F§ns\ Poht\msS Ccp¯mw FóXns\]änbpamWv At±lw BIpes¸«ncpóXv.

40 e£w lnµp¡fpsS sIme]mXIw : KmÔnbpw s\{lp IpSpw_hpw D¯chmZnIÄ

KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw tIm¬{KÊpImcpamWv 1947ð 10 e£w lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw sImñs¸«Xn\pw, tijw 1971 ð 30 ejw lnµp¡Ä CuÌv _wKmfnð (Cós¯ _w¥mtZiv) sImñs¸«Xn\pw D¯chmZnIÄ. Ncn{X]camb hkvXpXIÄ¡v hnt[bambn lnµp þ apÉow ASnØm\w A\pkcn¨mWv cmPyw hn`Pn¡s¸«Xv. {InkvXym\nIÄ FhnsSbmtWm hn`P\¯n\v ap³]v AhnsSXsó Xmakn¡pw Fóv IcpXnbncpóp. Cu ASnØm\ hkvXpXIÄ tIm¬{KÊpw, KmÔnbpw, s\{lphpw


AS¡w AwKoIcn¨XmWv. BbXn\mð C³Uybnð DÅhcpw ]m¡nØm\nð \nóv hóhÀ AS¡apÅ kÀÆ lnµp þ knJv P\XbpsSbpw t£ahpw kpc£bpw C³Uy³ Khs×ânsâ [mÀ½oI D¯chmZnXz¯n\pw A¸pdw \nba]camb ISa Xsó Bbncpóp. Fómð KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw C³Uy³ apÉnansâ t£a¯nepw kpc£bnepw am{Xw Xev¸ccmbncpópÅp. ]m¡v A`bmÀ°nIfmbn F¯nb lnµp¡sfbpw AhcpsS kpc£ sbbpw ]änbpÅ ISaIfpw NpaXeIfpw AhÀ ]msS AhKWn ¡pIbmWv DïmbXv.

apÉnw eoKnsâbpw PnóbpsSbpw Blzm\¯nsâ A\ć êambn (UbdIväv B£³) 1946 BKkvXnð h³tXmXnð lnµp¡sf _wKmfnð sImsómSp¡n. IqSmsX shÌv ]ôm_n ð lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw 1947sâ Bcw`¯nð sImsóm Sp¡pIbpïmbn. Cu kw`h§fpsS ASnØm\§Ä DÅnð h¨psImïv Nne {_n«njv sP\dð Dt±ymKØÀ lnµp, knJv P\Xsb kpc£nXamb aäv {]tZi§fntebv¡v amän]mÀ¸n ¡phm³ s\{lphnt\mSv D]tZin¨p. Fómð Cu \nÀt±i§sf s\{lp ]msS AhKWn¡pIbmWv DïmbXv. (F seäÀ ss_ _n.hn. enamsb þ HmÀKss\kÀ 20/09/2000).

C\n \ap¡v KmÔn apÉn§fpsS t£a¯nð F{Xam{Xw Xev¸c\mbncpóp Fóv t\m¡mw. {_n«njv KhÀ®À _sdmhvkv Øm\w Hgnbsh, DS\Sn shÌv _wKmfnð KhÀ®sd \nban¨p. kÀZmÀ ]t«ð sI.Fw ap³jnsb \nÀt±ins¨¦nepw, apÉn§Ä X§Ä¡v bmsXmcp A\pI_bpw e`n¡pIbnñ Fóv Nnń¡p Ibpw A¡mcW¯mð Xsó At±ls¯ \ncmIcn¡pw Fóv KmÔn A`n{]mbs¸«Xv sImïv kÀZmÀPn B Øm\t¯bv¡v cmPmPnbpsS (kn.cmPtKm]memNmcn) t]À \nÀt±in¨p. KmÔn bpw s\{lphpw B \nÀt±it¯mSv ]cn]qÀ®amb ]n´pW {]Jym]n¨p. cmPmPn shÌv _wKmÄ KhÀWdmbn \ntbmKn¡ s¸SpIbpw lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw sh«nbcnªv ]m¡n kvXm³ Dïm¡nb apÉow eoKnse apÉn§fpsS Xmev]cy§sf kwc£n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.(cmPmPn tÌmdn 1937 Sp 72 ss_ cmPv taml³ KmÔnþ ]»njvUv ss_ `mcXob hnZym`h³).

C¯c¯nð Xsó Icmdn\v hn]coXambn an. {io{]Imi (]m¡nØm\nð \ntbmKn¡s¸« {]Ya C³Uy³ ssl¡½njv WÀ)¡v ]m¡nØm³ hnSpó lnµp¡fpsS Imcy¯nð bmsXmcp


Xmev]cyhpw Dïmbncpónñ Fóv am{Xañ C³Uybnð \nópw ]m¡nkvXm\ntebv¡v IpSntbdpó apÉn§fpsS Imcy§fnð At±lw AXoh Xev¸c\mbncpópXm\pw. AXv At±lw Cu ]pkvXI¯nð AwKoIcn¡pópapïv.( ]m¡nØm³ þ _À¯v B³Uv FÀfn tUbvkv, t]Pv 43, " `cWLS\m]cambn ]dbpIbmsW¦nð ]m¡nkvXm\nse lnµp¡tf¡mÄ (AhÀ ]m¡nkvXm³ Khs×ânsâ D¯chmZnXzamWv) Rm³ Ahcnð (apÉo§Ä) IqSpXð Xev¸c\mWv. ImcWw AhÀ C³Uybnð \nópÅ apÉn§fmWv '. "At±lw C³Uy³ apÉo§sf C³Uy bnte¡v Xsó aS§phm³ t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw AXn\v klmbw sNbvXv sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. AhÀ AXn\v X¿mdmIp Ibmð XncnsI C³Uybntebv¡v t]mcphm\pÅ s]Àanäv \ncmIcn¡pó taept±ymKkvXtcmSvþ sU]yq«n. sslI½njvWÀ, sF.kn.Fkv Hm^okÀ; Ibv¸p \ndªXpw hntZzjw IeÀó Xpamb _Ô§fmWv {io{]Imi \ne\nÀ¯nbncpóXv' (t]Pv31).

Uðlnbnð apÉn§fpsS Bhiy {]Imcw {Sm³knäv Iym_pIfnð \nópw dbnðth tÌj\nse A`bmÀ°n s{Sbn\p Ifnð \nópw A`bmÀ°nIsf XncnsI ho«nð F¯n¨ncpóp. (Imt_Pv B³Uv In§vkv, ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb, HmÀKss\kÀ 24þ04þ1994). IqSmsX apÉo§Ä¡v thïn KmÔnbpsS acWw hsc \ncmlmchpw AhÀ¡v \ñ ImemhØbpw ]cnNcWhpw \ðIn sImïncpóp. AhcpsS Hgnhm¡s¸« Øe§fnepw hoSpIfnepw ]Snªmd³ ]m¡nØm\nð \nópÅ lnµp, knJv P\X Xmakn¨p. Fóncpómepw apÉo§fpsS CãanñmsX Hcp apÉnw km{µX \ndª {]tZi§fnepw lnµp¡Ä Xmakn¡m³ Iq«m¡nbncpónñ. (¥nwskkv Hm^v _m¸p-þ ss_ a\ps_³ KmÔn, t]Pv 188þ89).

ChnsS Hcp kw`hw IqSn Nqïn¡m«póXv \ómbncn¡pw. lnµpalmk`m t\Xmhv tUm.Jmsc `cWLS\m Akw»nbnð tNmZn¨p."]m¡nkvXm\nse Fñm lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw C³Uy³ ]ucòmcmbn {]Jym]n¨v AhÀ¡v kwc£Ww Dd¸v hcp¯Wsaóv..... Fómð kÀZmÀ ]t«ð adp]Sn ]dªXv ' Khs×âv BÀ¡pw thïn A¯c¯nð Hcp {]Jym]\w \S¯m³ X¿mdñ Fómbncpóp. ({Sn_yq¬,09/12/1947). ChnsS kÀZmÀ ]t«enð \ap¡v ]m¡nkvXm\nð ZmcpWw acn¨v hoWp sImïncn¡pó lnµp¡sf klmbn¡m³ X¿mdñm¯ Dcp¡p


a\pjys\ ZÀin¡m³ km[n¡pw. CXv XoÀ¨bmbpw KmÔnbpsS ss]imNoIamb {]`mhhpw No¯ Iq«psI«pw sImïmWv Fóv a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡póXv. AXv XsóbmWv At±ls¯ Xsâ [mÀ½nIhpw \nba]cambXpamb ISabnð \nóv ]nńcn ¸n¡póXpw. F§ns\bmWv ]m¡nkvXm\nse aÀ½tÑZIamb AhØbnð \nÊlmbcmb lnµp¡Ä¡v kÀZmÀ ]t«ensâ apónð hcphm\pw C³Uy³ ]ucXz¯n\v thïn At]£ kaÀ¸n¡phm³ IgnbpóXpw. AXv Nn´¡v Xsó A¸pdamWv.

]m¡nkvXm³ lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw CñmXm¡m³ {ian¡pó Cu kmlNcy¯nð C³Uy³ `cWm[nImcnIÄ AhcpsS ISaIÄ a\¸qÀÆw adóp. GItZiw 10 e£w (Hcp aney¬) lnµpþknJv P\Xsb apÉn§Ä 1947 ð (IqSpXepw ]Snªmd³ ]m¡nkvXm\nð) sImsómSp¡n. tijn¡pó Hóc (1.5) tImSn lnµp P\X HcpIW¡n\v C³Uybnð F¯s¸«p. òIcamb Cu Zpc´¯nsâ ImcW¡mc³ XoÀ¨bmbpw KmÔnbmWv. ( ]mÀ«njv¬ Z... t^kv Hm^v Z I{ïn ss_ FNv. Un. jqco, Z {Sn_yq¬ 11þ12þ1997).

KmÔn 1947ð 10 e£w lnµp¡sf sImóXn\v BWvv ImcW¡mc\mbsX¦nð, KmÔnb³ cXv\amb aIfpw, PhlÀ emð s\{lphpw, CµncmKmÔnbpw IqSn 30 e£w lnµp¡sf Ing¡³ ]m¡nkvXm\nð 1971 ð sImesNbvXXn\v ImcW ¡mcmbn. (_w¥mtZiv Khs×ânt\mSv ]m¡nkvXm³ CXn\v £am]Ww \S¯n. {Sn_yq¬ 29þP\phcnþ1998, 14þsk]vXw_Àþ 2000). ê¯nð 30 e£w t]cpw lnµp¡fmbncpóp. PÌnkv. lwZqÀ dÒm³ I½nj³ dnt¸mÀ«v hyàam¡póXv {io. ASð dmh¯v, 3þsk]vXw_Àþ2000 HmÀKss\kdnse teJ\¯nð Nqïn¡m«póp."" C³Uym SptU D±cn¡póXv Hcp Dt±ymKkvX³ I½njt\mSv ]dbpóXv sP\dð \nbmkn, F{Xtbmfw lnµp ¡sf \mw sImóp Fóv kzbw tNmZn¡póXns\¸än BWv. sabv amk¯nð lnµp¡sf sImñm³ HmÀUÀ Dïmbncpó Xn\mð ]m¡nkvXm³ BÀan apÉn§fnð \nópw Xncn¨dn bm³ lnµp¡fpsS hoSn\p tað "H' Fóv aª s]bnânð ASbmfs¸Sp¯nbncpóp.

ASnØm\]camb tNmZyw CXmWv; CµncmKmÔn {][m\ a{ńbmbncpó thfbnð F´psImïv Ing¡³ ]m¡nkvXm \nse lnµp¡fpsS Poh\v kwc£Ww \ðInbnñ?. \½psS


kpc£m tk\ ]nSn¨p sI«nb Hcp e£w ]m¡nØm\nIfmb ]«mf¡msc in£n¡póXn\v ]Icw Ahsc Dñkn¸n¨pw \ñ `£Whpw kÖnIcW§fpw sImSp¯v Xr]vXns¸Sp¯nb tijw ]m¡nkvXms\ XncnsI Gð¸n¨p. Ahscñmhcpw 30 e£w lnµp¡sf sImóXn\pw aäv lo\IrXy§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨ Xn\pw h[in£¡v AÀlcmbncpóp. 1946 se UbdIväv B£³ AS¡w kµÀ`§Ä¡\pkcn¨v 30 e£w lnµp¡sf sImsóSp ¡nbXn\v D¯chmZnIfmb apÉn§Ä¡v CuÌv _wKmÄ ssIamdn. IqSmsX _p²aX¡mcpsS km{µXIqSnb Nntäm§v lnñpw IqSn Cu apÉo§Ä¡v ]Ip¯v sImSp¯p. Cóv _p²aX ¡mÀ A`bmÀ°nIfmbn AhnsS \nópw C³Uybnte¡v hcpóp. GXv amÀ¤¯nemtWm _w¥mtZiv \mw AhÀ¡v \ðInbXv. AXn\p ]Icambn ssk\y¯n\pw \ap¡pw henb hneXsó sImSpt¡ïnhóp. kXy¯nð _w¥mtZiv \nÀ½n¨v \ðInb Xn\v ]Icw shÌv ]ôm_ntebpw CuÌv _wKmfntebpw apÉnw §sf ]ckv]cw X½neSn¡m³ A\phZn¡pIbmWv thïnbncp óXv. Cóv _w¥mtZiv asämcp ]m¡nkvXm\mbn hfÀóp sImïncn¡póp. C³Uyþ ]m¡nkvXm³ hn`P\ \ymbw \nc¯n C³Uybnð Ipg¸apïm¡m³ ]mInkvXm\v IqSpXð kabhpw DuÀÖhpw hn\ntbmKn¡Wsa¦nð hfÀóp hcpó _w¥mtZin \v AXv thïn hcpIbnñ.

sImð¡¯ lnµp¡sf sImñm³ apÉnw sIme]mXInI Ä¡v KmÔnbpsS XpW

]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcW¯n\v thïn Pnóbpw apÉnw eoKpw IqSn Blzm\w sNbvX 16þBKkvXvþ1946 se UbdIväv B£sâ ^eambn shdpw cïv Znhk¯n\pÅnð 20000 lnµp ¡sfbmWv apÉn§Ä sh«ns¡mes¸Sp¯nbXv. 15000 t]À¡v apdnthð¡s¸«p. B kab¯v kp{lmhÀZn \bn¡pó apÉnw eoKv Khs×âmWv _wKmÄ `cn¨ncpóXv. kp{lmhÀZn kzbw t]meokv No^v It{ïmÄ dqw \nÀ½n¡pIbpw ØnXnKXnIsf \nb{´n¡póXmbn hcp¯n XoÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. \nÀt±iw e`n¡mªXn\mð t]meokv cïv Znhkw Hcp duïv shSn t]mepw DXnÀ¡msX \njv{Iobcmbn t\m¡n \nóp. sP\dð _SvNÀ (BÀan IamâÀ) Ið¡¯ kµÀin¨ temUv hmshen


t\mSv dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXXv kp{lmhÀZnbpsS ]qÀ®mambpw aX]camb Nmbvhns\ ]änbmWv (cmPmPn tÌmdn, t]Pv 123þ124)

aptó ]dªXpt]mse KmÔnPn sImð¡¯ lnµp¡sf sImsómSp¡nb cmPmPnsb BWv apÉo§fpsS kpc£¡mbn _w¥mtZinsâ KhÀWdmbn NpaXe Gð¸n¨Xv. AXpsImïpw KmÔn Xr]vX\mbnñ. At±lw sImð¡¯bnse¯n. kp{lm hÀZntbmSv KmÔn \ap¡v Hcpan¨v Xmakn¡mw Fóv ]dªp. kp{lmhÀZn AXv AwKoIcn¨p. KmÔn s_ñnbLm«bnð F¯nbXv Iï 200 Hmfw lnµp {]hÀ¯IÀ "KmÔntbmSv Xncn¨v t]mIpI' Fóv ap{ZmhmIyw apg¡n. (cmPmPn tÌmdn,t]Pv 143)

BKkvXv 15 \v tijw sImð¡¯bnð apÉow tN_À Hm^v tImtagvkn\v apómð {]kwKn¡th cmPmPn hyàn]cambn Hcp {]XnÚ sNbvXp."Fsâ sXäpIfpw Zqjy§fpw F´pXsó Bbncpómepw, Rm³ \n§Ä¡v Dd¸v \evIpóp, taemð Fsâ PohnXs¯ a\¸qÀÆw Hcp aX¯n\pw PmXn¡pw thïn A\oXn sImïv If¦s¸Sp¯pIbnñ AXv GXv kmlNcy¯nð Bbncp ómepw'. kzmX{´¯n\v aqómgvN¡v tijw sImð¡¯bnse apÉn§Ä¡v FXnsc lnµp¡Ä {]XnImcw sN¿pIbpw Ipd¨v apÉo§Ä acWs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. Fñmbnt¸mgpw Fót]mse KmÔn AXns\Xnsc iÐapbÀ¯n hjfm¡n. Ip]nXcmb lnµp {]hÀ¯IÀ KmÔnbpsS `h\w B{Ian¡pIbpw lnµp¡Ä A\p`hn¨Xv IqSn Hóv HmÀ¡póXv \ómbncn¡psaóv KmÔnsb iImcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp Iñpw hSnbpw KmÔn¡v t\sc ]mªp sNsó¦nepw AXv e£y¯nð \nópw Aev]w amdn t¸mbn. BÄ¡q«s¯ im´am¡m\pÅ almßmhnsâ {ia§Ä hn^eambn¯oÀóp. At±l¯nsâ {]XnIcWw... \ncmlckac {]Jym]\¯nð Ahkm\n¨p. (t]Pv 148)

\ncmlmc¯nsâ \memw \mÄ GItZiw 500 Hmfw hcpó sIð¡¯bnse apgph³ t]meokpImcpw, {_n«njv, Bwt¥m C³Uy³ Dt±ymKØÀ AS¡w Uyq«n¡v CSbnð 24 aWn¡qÀ D]hmkw \S¯n. sshIptócw Ccp«n XpS§nbt¸mtg¡pw cmPmPn, {In]mem\n, kp{lmhÀZn, tKmjv FónhÀ hóv ØnXn kam[m\ ]qÀ®am¡nbn«pïv Fóv Adnbn¨p. NÀ¨bv¡nsS tkmjyenÌv t\Xmhv cmw at\mlÀ temlnb Bbp[w h¨v £am]Ww \S¯n IogS§nb 5 bphm¡sf apdnbnte¡v sImïv hóp. cm{Xn 09:15 Bbt¸mÄ KmÔn \ncmlmcw Ahkm\n¸n¨p.


F{X sImSpw IpähmfnIfmbncpómepw kw{`aP\Iamb Bthi t¯mSpIqSn apÉn§sf kc£n¡m\pÅ X{X¸mSv KmÔnbnð Fópw {]ISambncpóp.

]Snªmd³ ]ôm_nse apÉn§Ä ]m¡nkvXm\nte¡v IpSntbdpóXv KmÔn XSªp. amÌÀ XmcmknwKv KmÔn sb FXnÀ¯p.

KmÔnbnð \nópÅ FXnÀ¸n\v hncp²ambn s\{lp, auem\m BkmZv, knJv t\Xmhv amÌÀ XmcmknwKv FónhÀ 5þsk]vXw_Àþ1947 ð emtlmdnð h¨v C³Uybpw ]m¡nkvXm \pw X½nð Hcp DS¼Sn H¸ph¨p. AX\pkcn¨v CuÌv ]ôm_v (Cós¯ ]ôm_v, lcnbm\, lnamNð kwØm\§Ä tNÀóXv), shÌv ]ôm_v, NWFP (t\mÀ¯v shÌv t{^mïnbÀ s{]mhn³kv) FónhnS§fnse lnµp¡sfbpw apÉn§sfbpw ]cn]qÀ®ambn Ccp cmPy§fpw ssIamäw sN¿Wambncpóp. Fómð Cu Icmdns\ ]qÀ®ambn AhKWn¨p sImïv KmÔn ]m\n¸¯nð F¯pIbpw apÉnw IpSntbäw XSbpIbpw sNbvXp. KmÔnbpsS Al¦mc¯n\v XSbnSm³ amÌÀ XmcmknwKpw AhnsS F¯n. 06þUnkw_Àþ1947 se {Sn_yqWnð hó hmÀ¯ A\pkcn¨v "shÌv ]ôm_nse lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJpImcp sSbpw kz¯p¡fpw hoSpIfpw kwc£n¡póXnð C³Uym Khs×âv ]cmPbs¸«Xn\v FXnsc amkäÀ XmcmknwKv tIm¬{KÊv Khs×âns\ Ipäs¸Sp¯póXv dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿s¸«n cn¡póp. IqSmsX KmÔnbpw aäp Nne Khs×âv Dt±ymKkvXcpw ]m\n¸¯nð apÉnw IpSntbäw \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯póXpw Nqïn ¡m«nbncn¡póp. Cu IcmÀ {]m_ey¯nð Ccn¡póXn\mð CuÌv ]ôm_nð \nópw shÌv ]ôm_nð \nópw ]qÀ®ambpw apÉn§sf Hgn¸n¡psaóv At±lw HmÀ½n¸n¡póp. ]ôm_v, lcnbm\, lnamNð FónhnS§fnse apÉn§sf Hgn¸n¨Xnsâ ]qÀ®amb A`n\µ\w amÌÀ XmcmknwKn\v am{Xw AÀln¡pó XmWv. Fóncpómepw Cóv Cu kwØm\§fnð apÉn§Ä Xn§n \ndªncn¡póp. AXn\v ImcWw apÉn§Ä Ffp¸¯nð s]äps]cpIpóXv t{]mÕmln¸n¡pó Hcp PmXn BbXn\mð XsóbmWv.

CuÌv ]ôm_v A`bmÀ°n ]p\c[nhmk a{´n Bbncpó kÀZmÀ CuizÀ aPvsslð _mwKbnð h¨v Hcp s]mXp{]kwK


¯nð C{]Imcw ]dªp. "" Ccp cmPy§Ä Fó Bib¯nsâ cq]IÀ¯m¡Ä (]m¡nkvXm\pw, apÉnw§fpw) C³Uybnð \nópÅXpw ]mInkvXm\nepÅXpamb apÉn§sf ]p\c[nhkn ¸n¡póXnð h³ {]XnkÔnbmWv t\cnSpóXv. ({Sn_yq¬, 18þ10þ1947, {^ïv t]Pv)

A²ymbwþ2

ImivaoÀ {]iv\w ; KmÔnþs\{lp krãn lnµpIq«s¡mebpsS D¯chmZnIÄ KmÔn ImcWw am{XamWv s\{lp {][m\a{´n ]Z¯nð

F¯nbXv. Asñ¦nð B Øm\w kÀZmÀ ]t«ð Ae¦cn¡p ambncpóp. AXn\mð kz´w ]m]§Ä¡v D]cnbmbn s\{lp sNbvX sXäpIÄ¡pw D¯chmZn KmÔn am{XamWv. 20 sabv 1948 se {]mÀ°\m tbmK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp."" at\mlcamb Cu ]pWy`qan XymKhpw, tkh\ Xev¸cXbpw \ndª Hcp al ¯mb Bßmhn\v Pòw sImSp¯Xnð `mcX`qanbpsS a¡fpsS lrZb§Ä lÀj]pfIw sImtÅïXmWv. PhlÀemð s\{lp aäpÅhtc¡mÄ tim` \ndª cXv\amWv ''. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 362). s\{lphns\ Ipdn¨v C¯c¯nepÅ ]pIgv¯epIÄ KmÔnbpsS {]`mjW§fnð Ft¸mgpw {]ISambncpóp.

almcmP lcn knwKns\ Øm\{`vã\m¡n ssjJv AÐpÅ bv¡v A[nImcw ssIamäw sNbvXXv KÔnbpsS KqVmtemN\ bpsS `mKambncpóp. 25þ12þ1947 se {]mÀ°\m {]kwK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp. "tjJv AÐpÅsb Rm³ Imivaocnsâ bYmÀ° t\Xmhmbn ]cnKWn¡póp. ImivaocnepÅ Fñmhcpw At±ls¯ A\pIqen¡Ww. FXncnñm¯ hensbmcp apÉow kaql¯nsâ ]n´pW At±l¯n\pïv. P½phnð Dïmbn«pÅ apÉnw Iq«s¡meIÄ¡pw s]¬Ip«nIsf X«ns¡mïv t]mbXv XpS§o ZpJIcambn«pÅ Fñm kw`h§Ä¡pw ]cn]qÀ® D¯chmZnXzw almcmP lcn knwKn\mWv. BbXn\mð AXnsâ ]cn]qÀ®amb D¯chmZnXzw GsäSp¯v almcmPm lcn knwKnt\mSv KmÔnPn A[nImcw Hgnbphm\pw tjJv AÐpÅ¡v Ahkcw sImSp¡phm\pw \nÀt±in¨p. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 283). apÉnw hÀ¤obhmZnIfpsS Bhiy§sf¡mÄ hfsc A]ISw \ndªXmbncpóp KmÔnbpsS {]Ømh\IÄ. ImivaoÀ Xmgvhcbnse CÉmaoI hÀKob hmZnIsf kwXr]vXcm ¡phm³ thïn P½phnse lnµp `qcn]£s¯bpw eUm¡nse _p²aX `qcn]£s¯bpw ]msS AhKWn¨v sImïv KmÔn


apÉo§Ä¡nSbnð A\pIqe {]`mhapÅ tjJv AÐpÅ¡v ImivaoÀ kwØm\w \ðIphm\pw A[nImc ssIamäw \S¯p hm\pw ISpw]nSp¯w \S¯n. F´psImïv lnµp `qcn]£ {]tZi¯nse lnµp¡Ä¡v thïn AhcpsS t\Xmhns\ ]msS AhKWn¨p. KmÔn clkyambn aXw amdnbncptóm???.

bYmÀXy¯nð Zpãòmcmb ]¯\nIfpw knhnð thjw [cns¨¯nb ]m¡nkvXm\n ]«mfhpw P½pþImivaoÀ B{Ian¨v AhÀ®\obamb Xc¯nepÅ {IqcXIfpw sIme]mXI§fpw lnµp, knJv P\XIÄ¡nSbnð Hmtcm ]«W§Ä tI{µoIcn¨v \S¯n. lnµp¡sf Iq«s¡me sN¿póXv XSbm\pw \pgªp Ibäw CñmXm¡m\pw IqSpXð ssk\ys¯ P½pþ Imivaocn tebv¡b¡m³ s\{lphns\ D]tZin¡póXn\v ]Icw KmÔn I®paS¨v lnµp¡sf ]gn¨p. ]£]mX]camb Cu kao]\w Hcp ]m¡v GPâns\t¸mse Bbncpóp. A§ns\ cïv aS§v ]m]amWv KmÔn AhnsS \S¯nbXv. Hóv lnµp¡Ä¡v t\sc \Só sIme]mXI§Ä adbv¨v hbv¡m³ {ian¨p. AXns\Xnsc Hc£cw anïnbnñ. cïv lnµp¡Ä P½phnð apÉn§sf sImñpóp Fó \«mð InfnÀ¡m¯ \pW ]dªv ]c¯n.

KmÔn sXfn¨ hgnbneqsSbpw hc¨ hcbneqsSbpw Xsó Xsâ Xe KmÔnbpsS Imð¡ognð h¨v s\{lphpw {]hÀ¯n¨p. s\{lp alcmP lcnknwKnt\mSv Øm\w Hgnªv tjJv AÐpÅsb A[nImcw Gð¸n¡m³ sh«n¯pdóv ]dªp. tijw ImivaoÀ Dt]£n¨v kwØm\¯n\v ]pd¯v t]mIph³ \nÀt±in¨p. A§ns\ Øm\mtcmlWw kzoIcn¡s¸SpIbpw ssk\yw {io\Kdnð F¯nt¨cpIbpw sNbvXp. (I¬shÀ«Uv ImivaoÀ ss_ \tc{µ tkKmÄ, t]Pv 320)

AXnsâ A\´c^eambn ]«W§Ä ]«W§fmbn sImÅbSn¨pw sImesNbvXpw lnµp¡Ä¡v t\sc A\h[n AXn{Ia§Ä sNbvXpw FhnsSbpw XSbs¸SmsX ]m¡nkvXm\n \pgªpIbä¡mÀ {io\Kdnð F¯n. ]m¡nkvXm\n \pgªp Ibä¡mÀ anÀ]qcnð \mS¯nb A{Ia§Ä¡v KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw am{XamWv Ipä¡mÀ. AhÀ F´v sNbvXp shóv ImWn¡pó Hcp kw`hw Rm³ ChnsS ]dbmw.

anÀ]qÀ ]«Ww, ]m¡nkvXm³ AXnÀ¯nbnð aetbmc {]tZi¯mWv ØnXnsN¿póXv. P½pþImivaocnse Hcp Pnñm XeØm\ Imcymebw {]hr¯n¨ncpóXpw ChnsS Bbncpóp.


1947ð 10000 t]À Bbncpóp ChnSps¯ P\km{µX. AXnð 80% lnµp¡fpw _m¡n apÉn§fpw Bbncpóp. IcmÀ {]Imcw, apómse Bkq{XWw sNbvXXv A\pkcn¨v 1947se hn`P\ kab¯v apÉnw IpSp_§Ä L«w L«ambn ]«Ww Hgnªv t]mbn. CXv kXy¯nð apÉn§sf apgph\mbpw ]«W¯nð \nóv Hgn¸n¨ tijw lnµp¡fpsS tað B{IaWw \S¯m\pÅ ]m¡nkvXmsâ X{ámbncpóp. tijw B {]tZi¯v lnµp A`bmÀ°nIfmð \ndªv P\km{µX 25000 Bbn¯oÀóp.

A]ISw (]m¡nkvXmsâ NXn) a\Ênem¡nb anÀ]qcnð \nópÅ 200 t]À P½p hnam\¯mhf¯nð sNóv s\{lphns\ kµÀin¡pIbpw anÀ]qcntebv¡v ssk\ys¯ Abbv¡phm³ At]£n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]s£, "" anÀ]qcnte¡v ssk\ys¯ Abbv¡m³ thïpw F´v \ñ {]hÀ¯nbmWv \n§Ä sNbvXn «pÅXv'' Fómbncpóp s\{lphnsâ adp]Sn. A\ćêambn 23 \hw_À 1947 \v ]mInkvXm\n \pgªpIbä¡mÀ anÀ]qÀ B{Ian¨p. thï{X ssk\yw Cñm¯Xn\mð UnhnjWð IamâÀ dmhp c¯³, ]ucòmÀ¡v Bß hnizmkw \evIpóXn\v ]Icw ssk\oI Dt±ymKkvXcpw Iq«mfnIfpsam¯v 25þ \hw_dn\v Hfnt¨mSn. BÀ.Fkv.Fkv {]hÀ¯IÀ \pgªp Ibä¡mÀ¡v FXnsc t]mcmSn \nsó¦nepw h³tXmXnepÅ \pgªp Ibä¡mÀ¡v kwL{]hÀ¯IÀ henb {]Xn_Ôw Bbncpónñ. 25 \h_dn\v aoÀ¸qÀ XIÀóSnªp. BfpIÄ Ft§ms«ónñmsX ]c¡w ]mªp. h³tXmXnð sImÅbpw sImÅnhbv¸pw _emÕwK§fpw \Sóp. kv{XoIÄ A`nam\w c£n¡m³ BßlXy sN¿pItbm, Asñ¦nð PnlmZn ]m¡v apÉn§fpsS I¿nð AIs¸«v _emÕwK¯n\v Ccbmbn A]am\w kw`hn¡mXncn¡m³ AhcpsS {]obs¸«hÀ Xsó sImñpItbm sNbvXp. AS¨p]q«nb hoSpIÄ¡pÅnð kpc£nX cmsWóv IcpXnbhÀ AXn{Iqcambn sIme sN¿s¸SpItbm \njvTqcamb kmlNcy§fnð XShnem¡s¸SpItbm sN¿ s¸«p.

NnXdntbmSnbhÀ X§fpsS IpSp_§fpambn P½p e£y am¡n \o§n. Fómð ]m¡nkvXm\nIfmð hfbs¸« AhÀ Ip{]kn²amb Aens_Kv Im¼nð F¯s¸«p. PqXòmsc kÀÆ\miw sNbvX sPÀ½\nbnse Husj³hnÕnð \nópw H«pw hn`nóambncpónñ Aens_Kv Im¼nse AhØ.


bphXnIfpw kpµcnIfpw sNdnb s]¬Ip«nIÄ DÄ¸sSbpÅhÀ ltdanð (CkvemaoI sh¸m«n `h\w) F¯s¸SpItbm Ad_n IÄ¡v hnev¡s¸SpItbm sN¿s¸«p. ]pcpjòmsc ]oUn¸n¨v sImñpItbm ASnaIfmb the¡mcm¡pItbm sNbvXp.

Ahkm\w \nÊlmbcmb A`bmÀ°nIsf c£s¸Sp¯p hm\mbn A´mcm{ã sdUv t{Imkv F¯nsb¦nepw 25000 lnµp¡fnð shdpw 4600 lnµp¡sf am{Xta AhÀ¡v Isï¯p hm\mbpÅp. _m¡n 20400 lnµp¡Ä FhnsSt¸mbn FópÅ Xn\v Cópw Hcp D¯cw Cñ. Aens_Kv Im¼nse¯nb `qcn]£w kv{XoIfpw s]¬Ip«nIfpw ]nóoSv Qew I\menð NmSn BßlXy sNbvXp. (^mÄ Hm^v anÀ]qÀ ss_ Fkv. IpamÀ almP³, HmÀKss\kÀ, 04þ01þ1998, ss_ A\p]a almP³ B³Uv k³kmÀ NsµÀ, Z {Sn_yq¬ kmäÀtU ¹kv, 29þ11þ97, SnbÀ^pÄ saadokv Hm^v anÀ]qÀ ss_ k³kÀ NsµÀ Bkv F hnÎnw, Z {Sn_yq¬, 21þ11þ1998).

lnµp¡fpsS Poh³ c£n¡pI Fó ISabnð \nópw s\{lp a\¸qÀÆw ]n³amdnbXmWv Fóv BÀ¡pw Ffp¸w a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv. BbXn\mð KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw hyàn]cambn Cu lnµpIq«s¡meIfnð Ipä¡mcmWv Fó Xnð ehteiw kwibanñ. BbXpsImïv Ahscbpw Ipähmfn IfpsS KW¯nð Xsó s]Spt¯ïXmWv.

A²ymbwþ3

KmÔnbpsS Im]Syw \ndª A{IacmlnXyw (Alnwk) \mSIw KmÔnPnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw apÉn§Ä Iq«s¡me

\S¯póXns\ FXnÀ¡msX lnµp¡Ä kzbw acn¨p hogm³ X¿mdmIpóXns\ A{IacmlnXyw Fóv hnfn¡mw. AXv XsóbmWv KmÔn lnµp¡Ä¡nSbnð {]kwKn¨v ^en¸n¡m³ {ian¨ncpóXpw. hn\bt¯msSbpÅ CXnsâ A\pjvTm\anñm bva lnµp¡sf KmÔnbpsS I®nð CÉmaoI hntcm[nIfm¡n. sI.Fw. ap³jn At±l¯nsâ {KÙ¯nð FgpXn ( ]nð{KntaPv Sp {^oUw, `mcXob hnZy`h³, t]Pv 75þ76)"" ASp¯ Znhkw Rm³ KmÔnPn¡v FgpXn. ""hÀ¤ob {`m´v \ndªhÀ lnµp ¡Ä¡pw AhcpsS `h\¯n\pw, kv{XoIÄ¡pw, Ip«nIÄ¡pw FXnsc A{Iaw \S¯pt¼mÄ lnµp¡Ä A`bw tXSpItbm, AXns\ sNdp¯v tXmð¸n¡pItbm thïXtñ?... KmÔn FtómSv At±ls¯ ImWphm³ ]dªp. Fón«pw At±lw FtómSv ]dªXv, ""\n§Ä¡v A§ns\ tXmópóp F¦nð AXv tIm¬{KÊnð \nópw ]pd¯v t]mbn«v aXn.'' (Imt_Pv A³Uv In§vkv ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb, HmÀKss\kÀ,31þ12þ1995). sI.Fw. ap³jnbpsS Cu ImgvN¸mSmWv At±ls¯ KmÔn bpsS I®nð apÉnw hncp²\pw shÌv _wKmfnsâ KhÀ®À Øm\w Ae¦cn¡m³ sImÅcpXm¯h\pw B¡n XoÀ¯Xv. KmÔnbpsS Cu s\dnsI« Nn´ XsóbmWv lnµp LmXIcmb am¸nfamsc ""Fsâ [ocòmcmb am¸nf ktlmZc§sf'' Fóv A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿n¨Xv. F´psImsïómð apÉo§Ä lnµp¡sf (Im^nÀ) sImópXÅns¡mïv AhcpsS aXs¯ kXykÔambn ]n´pSÀóv t]móncpóp.

KmÔn¡v Cc«¯m¸v \b§fmWv DïmbncpóXv. Hóv lnµp¡Ä¡pw XnI¨pw hyXykvXamb asämóv apÉn§Ä¡pw. A§ns\ KmÔn ]dªv ]dªv ""]m¡nkvXm\nse lnµp ¡Ä¡pw knJpImÀ¡pw FXnsc apÉn§Ä sNbvXsXmópw henb Imcyañ'' Fóp hsc F¯n. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 57,


KmÔokv t{]bÀ kv]o¨v, 07þ10þ1947 ) KmÔnbpsS Im]Syw \ndª apJ]Sw C³Uy¡pw lnµp¡Ä¡pw FXnsc F{X A]ISw \ndªXmbncpóp Fóv Aev]sa¦nepw _p²nbpÅ BÀ¡pw Nn´n¨mð a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv.

KmÔn ]ip¡fpsS Iim¸pImc³ KmÔn ]dªp, "" tKm¡fpsS kwc£Ww temI¯n\v

lnµpaX¯nsâ kw`mh\bmWv. ]ip¡sf kwc£n¡m³ lnµp¡Ä DÅnSt¯mfw B aXw \ne\nev¡pIbpw sN¿pw. tKm¡sf kwc£n¡pt¼mÄ DïmIpsaóv ]dbpó tam£w (apàn), kzm`mhoIambn hnImcw DÅ GsXmóns\bpw kwc£n¡pt¼mÄ DïmIpóXv IqSnbmWv ''. ( HmÀKss\kÀ, 09þ02þ1997). tKm¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXns\Xnsc KmÔn Ft¸mgpw {]kwKn¨p sImïncpóp. AXv kzmX{´kac¯nsâ `mKam¡n XoÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 1921ð tKm]mãan BtLmj thf¡nSbnse Hcp kt½f\¯nð ]ip¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXv XSbpóXn\mbn \nba \nÀ½mWw \S¯nbnsñ¦nð cmPy sa¼mSpw {_n«njv Khs×âns\Xnsc \nÊlIcWw \S¯pw Fóv KmÔn Hcp {]tabw aptóm«v h¨p. Cu kt½f\w Uðlnbnse ]«uUn luknð h¨v {]apJcmb l¡nw AÒðJm³, tUm. A³kmcn, emem ePv]Xv dmbv, ]Þnäv tam¯nð emð s\{lp, ]Þnäv aZ³ taml³ amfhy, aäv tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡Ä FónhcpsS kmón²y¯nð h¨mWv \SóXv. AXn\p tijw tIm¬{Kkv kt½f\§tfmsSm¸w tKmc£m kt½f\hpw kwLSn¸n¨v t]móp. tKmkwc£Ww kzmX{´¯nsâ Hcp D]m[n BsWóv FSp¯v ImWn¡s¸«p. (teJ\w,' hnð Ejn Zbm\µv kckzXokv hmWn§v Iw {Sq? ss_ cmw i¦À Aántlm{Xn, HmÀKss\kÀ 26þ02þ1995). ]s£ CsXñmw lnµp¡sf KmÔn¡v Iognð sImïv hcnI Fó e£yt¯msSbpÅ KmÔnbpsS hioIcWw am{Xambncpóp.

15 BKkvXv 1947 \v tijw tKm¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXv \ntcm[n¡phm³ At]£n¨p sImïv e£¡W¡n\v sSe{Kmap Ifqw Bbnc¡W¡n\v I¯pIfpw KmÔn¡v e`n¨p. KmÔn lnµp¡sf imkn¡pIbmWv DïmbXv. tKm¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXv I¯pIfneqsSbpw sSe{KmapIfneqsSbpw \ntcm[n ¡m\mhnñópw A§ns\ sN¿póXv apÉn§tfmSpÅ henb


A\oXnbmWópw At±lw ]dªp. 4 BKkvXv 1947 se {]mÀ°\m tbmK¯nð {]kwKn¡th tKm¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXn\v \ntcm[\w GÀs¸Sp¯óXns\ FXnÀ¯psImïv KmÔnPn ]dªp. "C³Uy³ bqWnbs\ ]utcmlnXy `cW ¯nte¡v \bn¡pIbpw lnµp¡fpsS hnizmk§Ä Alnµp¡ fnð ASnt¨¸n¡m³ {ian¡pIbpamtWm sN¿póXv?. Rm³ (KmÔn) tKm]qP Dt]£n¡pónñ. Fómð Fsâ `àn \nbaw A\pkcn¨v aäpÅhcnð ASnt¨ð¸n¡m³ IgnbpIbnñ.' (t]Pv 139þ40 Uðln Ubdn). ChnsS BcptSbpw a\Ênð kzm`mhoI ambn DSseSp¡pó Hcp tNmZyw Dïv. KmÔn F´n\v tKmh[ \ntcm[\ \nba \nÀ½mWw \S¯Wsaóv {_n«ojv Khs×ân s\ \nÀ_Ôn¨p?. B kab¯v C³Uybnð apÉn§Ä Dïmbn cpóntñ?. tKmh[ \ntcm[\w Fóv ]pe_nbncpóp F¦nepw KmÔnbpsS DÅnð ehteiw BßmÀ°X Dïmbncpónñ. lnµp¡sf hi¯m¡n Xsâ P\k½Xn hÀ²n¸n¡pI Fó kzmÀ° e£yw am{XamWv AXn\v ]nónð DïmbncpóXv. P\§sf hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ hmKvZm\§Ä \ðvIn hôn¡pó Cós¯ AgnaXn¡mcmb t\Xm¡òmcnð \nópw H«pw hyXyØ\mbncpónñ KmÔnbpw Fóv XsóbmWv KmÔnbpsS Hmtcm {]hÀ¯nbpw AhtemI\w sN¿pt¼mÄ a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbpóXv.

{_n«ojv `cWIme¯v C³Uybnð \nópw am«nd¨ntbm, aäv arK§fptStbm, ]£nIfpsStbm amwktam IbäpaXn sNbvXncp ónñ. {]mtZioIambn sNdnb tXmXnð ]ip¡sf sImóv apÉn§fpw {InkvXym\nIfpw AhcpsS kz´w Bhiy§Ä¡v D]tbmKn¨ncpóXv Hgn¨mð tKmh[¯n\v henb {]m[m\yw Dïmbncpónñ. {_n«njv Khs×âpw tKmh[w t{]mÕmln¸n¨n cpónñ. ]s£ 1947 \ptijw KmÔnbpsS cXv\amb PhlÀemð s\{lp Cd¨nbpsS DXv]mZ\w hÀ²n¸n¡phm³ thïn ]²Xn IÄ Bcw`n¨p. hymhkmboIambn Iim¸v imeIÄ¡v A\paXn \evIn. C¯c¯nepÅ {Iqcamb kw`mh\IÄ C³Uybv¡v AXn{Iqc\mb apÉnw PnlmZn `cWm[n]\mb HudwKtk_v t]mepw sNbvXn«nñ. Cóv AXy´m[p\oIamb b{´kÖnIc W§tfmSv IqSn 18 Iim¸v imeIfpw 36000 sNdpInS Iim¸v imeIfpw C³Uybnepïv. AhbneqsS 3 tImSn ]ip¡fpw t]m¯pIfpw 10 tImSn BSv, tImgn, Xmdmhv apXembhbpw Hmtcm


hÀjhpw Iim¸v sN¿s¸Spóp. Cu alm]m]§fpsS apgph³ im]hpw KmÔn, s\{lp, AhcpsS A\pbmbnIÄ, tIm¬{KÊn s\ thm«v sN¿vXv hnPbn¸n¡pó HmtcmÀ¯À¡pw AS¡w AÀln¡s¸«XmWv. tIm¬{KÊpw KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw tNÀóv lnµp¡sf \in¸n¡m³ A[n\nthi iànIfpsS ]n´pSÀ¨ bmbn \S¯nt¸mó IpSne X{´¯nsâ ImemIme§fmbpÅ A\phÀ¯\w am{XamWv Cópw C³Uybnð XpSÀóv t]mbn sImïncn¡póXv.

hnhn[ lnµp kwLS\Ifmb BÀ.Fkv.Fkv, BcykamPv, BÄ C³Uy Bân Ihv tÉmt«Àkv I½än XpS§nbhÀ {]t£m`w Bcw`n¡pIbpw tKmh[ \ntcm[\¯n\mbn s]mXp P\§fpsS A`n{]mbw BcmbpIbpw sNbvXp. Fómð s\{lp ]mÀesaânð Hcp {]kvXmh\ ]pds¸Sphn¨p."" Hcp ]s£ Rm³ cmPnh¨mepw tKmh[w \ntcm[n¡pIbnñ''. 2þ G{]nðþ1955 \v temIk`bnð s\{lp BªSn¨p.""kwØm\ Khs×âpIÄ Akw»nbnð tKmh[ \ntcm[\ _nñv sImïv hcnItbm AXn s\ ]mkm¡phm³ A\phZn¡pItbm sN¿cpXv''. 1955 s^{_p hcn s\{lp kÀ¡mdnsâ BtcmKya{´n ]ip, Imf apXemb arK§fnð \nópw \nÀ½n¡mhpó acpópIsf kw_Ôn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mdpIÄ¡v Is¯gpXn. IqSmsX Uðln, t_mwt_ FónhnS§fnð ]pXnb Iim¸v imeIÄ XpS§p óXn\pÅ GÀ¸mSpIÄ sNbvXp. (HmÀKss\kÀ, 26þ02þ1995)

KmÔnbpsS A\pbmbnIÄ lnµp¡sf ]gn¨psImïncpóp. lnµp¡Ä apÉn§Ä ]mIw sN¿pó `£W§Ä Hópw Xsó kzoIcn¡mdnñ Fópw Ahsc hr¯nsI«hcmbmWv lnµp¡Ä ImWpósXópw KmÔnb³ A\pbmbnIÄ Btcm]n¨p. lnµp ¡Ä IrXyambn A¯c¯nð Xsó sNbvXp sImïncpóp. apÉn§Ä ]ip¡sf tamkv¡pIÄ¡v DÅnð h¨v Iim¸v sNbvXncpóp. {]tXyIn¨v _{IoZn\v, AXv hfsc al¯cw Fóv IcpXpIbpw sNbvXncpóp. hn`P\¯n\v ap³]v hS¡v ]Snªm d³ ]m¡nkvXm³ {]hiybnð ØnXnsN¿pó tZcm Ckvabnð Jm³ Pnñbnse Ipem¨n ]«W¯nð R§fpsS hoSn\v ap³]nð hfsc henb Hcp tamkvIv Dïmbncpóp. AhnsS _{IoZn\v ]ip¡sf Iim¸v sN¿póXv ]Xnhmbncpóp. F§ns\bmWv kwkvImc k¼ó\b Hcph\v kwkvImc iyq\ycmb C¯c ¯nepÅ P\§tfmSv kaql¯nð BtcmKyIcamb _Ôw


\ne\nÀ¯m³ IgnbpóXv. IqSmsX Bbncw hÀjt¯mfambn lnµp¡Ä apÉo§fmð {IqcXIÄ kln¨p sImïncn¡póp. hmevaoIn cmambW¯nð e£vaW³ amXmhv IukeybpsS apónð i]Yw sN¿póXv; ]iphns\ ImepsImïv Nhn«póXv t]mepw ]m]ambn Xm³ IW¡m¡póp Fópw AXnð ]¦mfn B¡s¸«mð cmas\bpw \mSpIS¯WsaópamWv. ]iphns\ Imð sImïv Nhn«póXpt]mepw sImSnb ]m]ambn Iïncpó lnµp kwkvImc¯nð kzm`mhoIambpw kwkvImc iyq\ycmbn ]ip¡Äs¡Xnsc {IqcX \S¯nt¸móncpó apÉn§sf lnµp ¡Ä A]hn{Xcmbn IW¡m¡nt¸móp. Bscbpw {]tIm]n¸n ¡phm\sñ¦nepw Hcp ssN\okv ]gsamgn ChnsS HmÀ¡pIbm Wv. "" Cu Pò¯nð \ñXv sN¿póh³ Btcm Ah³ Pò¯nð `mcX¯nð P\n¡póXmWv.''

A²ymbwþ4

KmÔnbpsS lnµn hntcm[hpw DdpZphnt\mSpÅ arZp kao]\hpw 1947 ð hn`P\¯n\v ap³]v KmÔn lnµn s]mXp`mjbmbn

D]tbmKn¡póXns\¸än {]kwKn¨ncpóp. Fóv am{Xañ lnµn kmlnXy kt½f\¯nð cïv h«w sNbÀam\pw Bbncpóp At±lw. Fómð 15þBKkvXv 1947 ASp¯v hóp sImïncns¡ KmÔn lnµnsb FXnÀ¡m³ XpS§n. 24 þPqsseþ 1947 se {]kwK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp."" cïv h«w lnµn kmlnXy kt½f\¯nsâ sNbÀam³ Bbncpóp Rm³ F¦nepw, Fsâ ImgvN¸mSnð lnµnbpw tZh\mKncnbpw tZiob `mj B¡phm³ Ignbnñ ''. (KmÔn kmlnXy {]mÀ°\m {]hN³, ]mÀ«vþ1, t]Pv 286)

Cu kab¯v bp.]n. Khs×âv Hut±ymKoI `mj lnµn Bbn {]Jym]n¨ncpóp. CXns\XnscbpÅ AS¡m\mhm¯ tZjyw KmÔn 15 HtÎm_À 1947 se {]mÀ°\m {]kwK¯nð {]ISn¸n¨p."" s{]Ênð h¨v C\n apXð bp.]n bpsS Hut±ymKoI `mj tZh\mKncn en]ntbmSv IqSn lnµn Bbncn¡psaóXv At±lw Iïncpóp. AXv At±l¯ns\ thZ\n¸n¡m³ ImcWw C³Uy³ bqWnb\nse sam¯w apÉnw P\kwJybpsS \menð Hóv bp.]n bnð BWv Xmakn¨ncpóXv.'' icnbmb coXn tZh\mKncnbpw t]Àjy\pw \ne\nÀ¯Ww. GXmWv Hut±ymKo Iambn A\ptbmPyw FóX\pkcn¨v kzoIcn¡Ww. apÉn§ sfbpw Xpey kaXzapÅ ]ucòmcmbn \ne\nÀ¯Ww. AhcpsS Bhiyw ]cnKWn¨v DÀ±phn\pw BZchv \evIWw. apÉo§sf ASn¨aÀ¯pIbpw, HmSn¡pIbpw, Ahsc \ncmIcn¡pIbpw, AhcpsS PohnXw t¢iIcam¡pIbpw sN¿pó Hcp kwØm\ ¯n\v cq]w \evIcpXv "". ( Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 88)

KmÔnbpsS Cu {]kvXmh\ D{Khnjabhpw, {]tIm]\w \ndªXpw apÉow hÀ¤obhmZnIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡pó {]kvXmh \Ifnð \nópw H«pw hn`nóhpw Bbncpónñ. Fóncpómepw Pnó¡pw apÉow eoKn\pw CXnepw t`Zhpw kwXpenXhpamb


ImgvN¸mSpIfmWv DïmbncpóXv. ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcW ¯n\v tijhpw ]eXhW AhÀ apÉo§fpsS amXrcmPyw ]m¡nkvXm\mWv Fóv {]Jym]n¨ncpóp. C³Uybv¡v sslµh kwkvImchpw kwkvIrXnbpw A\pkcn¨v hnIkn¡phm\pÅ AhØIÄ \ne\nóncpóp. ]s£ KmÔnbpsS tað ]dª Xc¯nepÅ apÉnw {]oW\hpw hntYbXzw \ndªXpamb \ne]mSpIÄ apÉnw eoKn\pw hÀ¤obhmZnIÄ¡pw AwK`wKw hó C³Uybnð ]pXpPoh³ \ðIn. AXnsâ ^e§Ä \ap¡v Cóv ImWm³ IgnbpóXmWv. apÉo§Ä ]pXnb amXrcmPyw C³Uybnð \nÀ½n¡póXv kz]v\w Iïv XpS§nbncn¡póp.

ZpÀ_e hn`mKw lnµp¡tfmSv {InkvXy³, CÉmw aXw kzoIcn¡m³ KmÔnbpsS Blzm\w. lnµp¡Ä \µn DÅhcmbncnt¡ïXv tUm. Awt_ZvIdnt\mSv am{Xw.

1932 ð {_n«njv {][m\ a{´n kapZmboI _lpaXnIÄ {]Jym]n¨p. AXn\mbn lnµp, knJv, apÉnw, {InkvXy³, ]«nI PmXn Fón hn`mK§Ä {]tXyIw kaqZmboI t\Xm¡sf XncsªSpt¡ïnbncpóp. KmÔn CXnt\mSv Hcp A`n{]mbhpw ]dbmsX acWw hsc \ncmlmcw Blzm\w sNbvXp. ]nóoSv KmÔn ]dªp. ]«nIPmXn hn`mKw lnµpXzw Dt]£n¨v CÉmw, {InkvXy³ aX§Ä kzoIcn¡póXmWv A`nImayw. (tUm. Awt_ZvIÀþ hyàn HuÀ hnNmÀ, t]Pv 10)

tUm. Awt_ZvIÀ \ncn£n¨ hkvXpX CXmWv. "" Fsâ Zp:Jw h«tai kt½f\¯nð almßPn F´psImïv Cu A`n{]mbw {]ISn¸n¨nñ. Fsâ ImgvN¸mSv A\pkcn¨v At±l hpw Htc ]cnKW\ ]«nIPmXn hÀ¤¯n\v \ðInbncpóp F¦nð ZuÀ`mKyIcamb \ncmlmc¯ntebv¡v AXv \bn¡s¸Spambn cpónñ.'' ChnsS Nqïn¡mt«ï asämcp hkvXpX tUm.Awt_Zv IÀ sska¬ I½nj\v kaÀ¸n¡m\ncpó dnt¸mÀ«nð ]«nI PmXnhÀ¤§Ä¡pw AhcpsS {]Xn\n[n¡pw {]tXyI kwhcWw thWsaóv \nÀt±in¨ncpóp F¦nepw sXm«pIqSmbvabpw Xoïn ¡qSmbvabpw ØnXn IqSpXð hjfm¡pw Fó ap«mt¸m¡v \ymbw \nc¯n KmÔn ]«nIPmXn hÀ¤§Ä¡mbpÅ t\Xr khcWw A«nadn¡pIbmWv DïmbXv (Awt_ZvIÀ t]mfn kokv B³Uv sjUyqÄUv ImÌvkv þss_ {]Imiv, Bjnjv ]p»njn§v lukv, \yqUðln, t]Pv 141)


""almXa KmÔn tIm¬{KÊpw, apÉn§fpambn Hcp IcmÀ Dïm¡m³ ]cn{iaw \S¯n. AX\pkcn¨v apÉn§Ä aptóm«v h¨ 14 Bhiy§fpw At±lw AwKoIcn¡mw Fópw ]Icw At±lw tUm.Awt_ZvIdns\Xnsc aptóm«v h¨ Bhiy¯n\v ZpÀ_e hn`mK§Ä¡v thïn At±lt¯msSm¸w tNcWw Fópambncpóp IcmÀ'' (t]Pv 139). KmÔn F{Xbpw \oNamb Nn´bpÅh\mbncpóp Fópw ZpÀ_e hn`mK§fpsS AhImi §Ä A]lcn¡m³ apÉo§fpsS AÀln¡m¯ Bhiy§Ä AwKoIcn¨v sImïv At±l¯n\v F{Xbpw Xcw Xmgm³ Ignbpw Fópw Cu kw`hw sXfnbn¡póp. ZpÀ_e hn`mK§Ä CÉmw, {InkvXy³ aX]cnhÀ¯\w \S¯póXn\v At±l¯n\v FXnÀ ¸nñópw AXmWv icnsbópw lnµphmbncns¡sh AhÀ¡v AhImiw Hópw Xsó e`n¡nñópw B¡n¯oÀ¡m³ KmÔnPn bpsS Zpã_p²n {]hÀ¯n¡póXv \ap¡v ChnsS ImWmw.

]«nIPmXnþhÀ¤¯nðs¸« lnµp¡Ä aqóv ImcW§fmð tUm.Awt_ZvIdnt\mSv AXohamb \µnbpw Iqdpw DÅhcmbncn t¡ïXmWv. BZyambn At±lw apÉo§fpsS IqsS tNÀóv ZpÀ_e hn`mK§Ä¡v thïn hmZn¡póXmbn \Sn¨nñ. Fómð KmÔn apÉo§tfmSv tNÀóv ZpÀ_e hn`mK§Ä¡v FXnsc kwLSn¨p KqVmtemN\ \S¯n. Hcpthf tUm.Awt_ZvIÀ KmÔntbmSv tbmPn¨v ZpÀ_e hn`mK§tfmSv aX]cnhÀ¯\ ¯n\v hnt[bcmIphm³ ]dªp F¦nð ZpÀ_e hn`mK§Ä At±ls¯ ]gn¡pambncpónñ. ]s£ At±lw A¯c¯nð {]hÀ¯n¡m¯Xn\mð Xsó Fñm¯c¯nepapÅ A`n\µ \hpw AÀln¡póp.

cïmaXmbn, 1940 ð tUm.Awt_ZvIÀ "" tXm«vkv Hm¬ ]m¡nkvXm³'' Fó t]cnð Hcp {KÙw {]Imi\w sNbvXp. apgnh³ lnµp¡fpsSbpw apÉo§fpsSbpw {Ibhn{Ibw ]m¡nþ kvXm³ AwKoIcn¡Ww Fóv AXnð At±lw A`n{]mbs¸ «ncpóp. CXnð \nópw At±lw F{Xbpw _p²nbpw hnthI imenbpw Bbncpóp Fóv thWw a\Ênem¡m³. bmYÀ°y s¯ a\Ênem¡n Hmtcm kmlNcy§sfbpw AhtemI\w sNbvXv lnµp¡Ä¡v thït¸mÄ apódnbn¸v \ðIpI IqSn sNbvXncpóp tUm.Awt_ZvIÀ. At±lw FgpXn;

apÉo§fpsSbpw lnµp¡fpsSbpw BNmc§fnsebpw coXn Ifntebpw s]mXphmb khntijXIÄ Fóv ]dbs¸Spóh


A]qÀ®amb aX]cnhÀ¯\¯nsâ `mKw am{XamWv. AñmsX s]mXphmb kwkvImcañ. \qämïpIfmbn {_n«njv `cW¯nsâ Iognð A[n\nthihpw aX]cnhÀ¯\hpw Bg¯nteð¸n¨ apdnhpIÄ ad¡phmt\m im´am¡phmt\m Cópw Ignªn«nñ. CÉmaoI PnlmZn `cWm[nImcnIÄs¡Xnsc ]Ss]mcpXnb hoc \mbIòmcpsS HmÀ½IÄ lnµp Xmtemen¡póp. ]m¡nkvXm³ C³UybpsS {]Xntcm[ iànsb ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯n Fó hmZKXn bpàn lo\amWv. ImcWw C³Uy³ ssk\yw AXnsâ LS\bnð \qdv hÀjambn kpiàhpw {]_ehpambncpóp {]tXyIn¨v ]ôm_nepw hS¡v ]Snªmd³ ]m¡v AXnÀ¯n bnepw ssk\y¯nð apÉo§fpw Dïmbncpóp. ]ôm_nepw hS¡v ]Snªmd³ ]m¡v AXnÀ¯nbnepw A^vKm\nkvXm³ B{Ian¡pIbmsW¦nð Cu apÉnw ssk\oIÀ F{]Imcambn cn¡pw {]XnIcn¡pI FóXv {]kàhpw ImtWïnbncn¡pó Xpamb Hcp tNmZyhpw hnjbhpw Bbncpóp. AXv F{X ZuÀ`mKyIcambncpómepw kpc£nXcmb Hcp ssk\yamWv kpc£nXamb Hcp AXnÀ¯nsb¡mÄ {][m\yw FóXn\mð ]m¡nkvXms\ thtcmsS XIÀ¡pó Abp[§Ä hm§pI Fó Xv hfsc Bhiyambncpóp. (sP\nknkv Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³þ ss_ hn.hn. \KÀ¡À, t]Pv 328þ30)

IqSmsX tUm.Awt_ZvIÀ A`n{]mbs¸Spóp; " bpàn klPamb Imcy§Ä a\Ênem¡n ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcW t¯msSm¸w hn`P\ kab¯v ]m¡nkvXm\nepÅ apgph³ lnµp¡sfbpw C³UybnepÅ apgph³ apÉn§sfbpw {Ib hn{Ibw sN¿phm³ X¿mdmIWw'. Cu D]tZiw \mw kzoIcn ¨ncpóp F¦nð 1946þ48 se hn`P\ ImeL«¯nð \Só lnµpIq«s¡mebpw Hgnhm¡m³ Ignbpambncpóp. IqSmsX IpSntbä P\XbpsS {Ibhn{Ibw kam[m\ ]qÀ®hpw {Ia ¯nepw \S¡pambncpóp. {ioam³. Pnóbpw AXv XsóbmWv B{Kln¨ncpóXv. A§ns\ F¦nð hÀ¤nb Iem]§fnð \nópw apàambn kpiàhpw ]ptcmKXnbpapÅ Hcp `mcXw Dïmhpambncpóp. Fómð F{X henb NXnbmWv KmÔn \t½mSv sNbvXXv Fóv t\m¡pI. KmÔnsb A\pKan¨Xv hgn lnµp¡Ä kzcmPys¯ \in¸n¡pIbpw Fñmhn[¯nepw Iã \ã§Ä t\cnSpIbpw sNbvXp sImïncn¡póp.


tUm. Awt_ZvItdmSv IrXÚXbpÅhÀ Bbncnt¡ïXn sâ apómas¯ ImcWw, BcyòmÀ ]pdta \nóv hó A[n\nth icmb A{IaImcnIfñ Fópw AhÀ `mcXobÀ Xsó Bbn cpóp FópapÅ At±l¯nsâ \nKa\amWv. AXv At±lw Xsâ "" lq shÀ iq{Zmkv?'' Fó {KÙ¯nð {]Xn]mZn¨n«pïv. (Bcy PK¯v (teJ\w)þ tZth{µ kzcq]v, 10þ09þ1995). Xe Xncnª bqtdm¸nb³ Fgp¯pImsct¸mse KmÔnbpsSbpw s\{lphnsâbpw A\pbmbnIÄ Cópw Bcy³ A[n\nthi kn²m´w icnbmsWóv hnizkn¡póp. \½psS Ncn{XtcJIÄ A\pkcn¨v ]ucmWoI Ncn{X¯nsâ sXäv Xncp¯phm³ Xp\nbpt¼mÄ KmÔnb³ sX½mSnIÄ AXns\Xnsc iÐn¡p hm³ XpS§pw. Awt_ZvIdns\ FXnÀ¯psImïv KmÔnbpsS ]pdtI t]mIpó lnµp¡Ä shdpw ipw`òmcpw cmPyt{ZmlnIfpw am{XamWv.

A²ymbwþ5

cma\pw IrjvW\pw Pohn¨ncpónñ ; KmÔn

Fñm lnµp hn`mK§fpw k\mX\ [À½w A\pjvTn¨ncp

óp. Bcy kamPhpw, knJv, _p², ssP\ aX¡mcpw cmasâbpw IrjvWsâbpw Ncn{X¯nð hnizkn¨ncpóp. Fómð KmÔn bpsS A`n{]mb¯nð cmat\m IrjvWt\m Pohn¨ncpóhcñ Fgp¯pImcpsS `mh\m krãnam{Xambncpóp. KmÔn 27þPqsse þ1937se lcnP³þ ð ]dªp. " Rm³ cmasâtbm IrjvWsâ tbm t]À ]dbphm³ B{Kln¡pónñ. ImcWw AhÀ Ncn{X ]pcpjòmÀ Bbncpónñ. ]s£ Rm³ A_p_¡dnsâbpw Dadnsâbpw t]À ]dbphm³ B{Kln¡pIbmWv.' KmÔn 05 þHtÎm_À 1925 se tXPvþð \S¯nb {]Ømh\ C{]Imc ambncpóp. "alm`mcX¯nð ]dªncn¡pó IrjvW³ `qanbnð P\n¨n«nñ'.

cmasâbpw IrjWsâbpw Ncn{X¯nð hnizkn¡m¯ {InkvXym\nIfmb bqtdm¸nb³ Fgp¯pImcpsS kam\amb Nn´mKXnbmWv KmÔn h¨v ]peÀ¯nbncpóXv. AhÀ C³UybpsS Ncn{Xhpw kwkvImchpw e£¡W¡n\v hÀj §Ä ]g¡apsïóv hnizkn¡m³ X¿mdmIm¯hÀ Bbncpó tñm!. lnµp bpK IW¡v Iq«epIÄ A\pkcn¨v, `qanbpsS cq]oIcW¯n\v tijw Dïmbn«pÅXpw 2000 aney¬ hÀjw ]g¡hpapïv lnµp kwkvImc¯n\v. IrXyambn ]dªmð 1,97,29,49,102 hÀjhpw `qanbptSXv 4,32,00,00,000 hÀjhpamWv thZ§Ä A\pkcn¨pw tPymXnjhpw {]Imchpw. temI¯nð Cóphsc Dïmbn«pÅ aX kwkvImc§fnð lnµp¡Ä am{X amWv `qanbpsS BbpÊpw cq]nIcWhpw IrXyambn tcJs¸Sp ¯nbncn¡póXv.

KmÔnbpsS P\§sf I_fn¸n¡pó cmacmPyw Fó {]Ømh\sb ASnØm\am¡n GsXmcph\pw Dóbn¡mhpó tNmZyamWv. cma³ Dïmbncpónñ¦nð ]nsó F§ns\bmWv cmacmPyw DïmhpI FóXv? AXnsâ {]kàn Fs´ópÅ


Xpw?. P\§sf hnÍnbm¡m³ AXnkaÀ°\mbncpóp KmÔn FóXv am{Xañ B Ignhv F§ns\ icnbmb coXnbnð D]tbmKn¡Ww FóXn\pÅ Ip_p²nbpw At±l¯nð A´Àeo\ambncpóp. KmÔnbpsS cXv\ambncpó s\{lp, Xsâ "" PhlÀemð s\{lp B³ Hmt«m_tbm{K^n, t]Pv 72 ''þ ð cmacmPyw Fó Bibs¯ ]cnlkn¨ncn¡póp. s\{lp ]dbpóp ."KmÔnPnbpsS cmacmPyw kphÀ®ImeL«ambncpóp Fópw AXmWv Xncn¨v htcïsXópapÅ Nne ]Z{]tbmK§Ä Fónð AklyX Dïm¡nbncpóp. ]s£ F\n¡v FXnÀ¡p hm\pÅ iàn Dïmbncpónñ. KmÔnPn C{]Imc¯nepÅ hm¡pIÄ D]tbmKn¡póXv AXv P\ a\ÊpIfnð Bg¯nð ]Xnªn«pÅhbpw a\Ênem¡s¸«hbpw BbXn\memWv Fóv Nnń¨v Rm³ kam[m\n¡m³ {ian¨ncpóp. IqSmsX At±l ¯n\v P\§fpsS a\Êv Adnªv Ahsc I¿nseSp¡phm\pÅ Ignhpïmbncpóp.'

apIfnse hcnIfnð \nópw s\{lphn\v cmacmPyw Fómð ]pÑw Bbncpóp Fópw, KmÔn P\§sf I¿nseSp¡m³ D]tbmKn¨ncpó Hcp D]m[n am{Xambncpóp B hm¡v Fópw s\{lp Nnń¨ncpóp FóXpw a\Ênem¡mhpóXpamWv. asäm cp Xc¯nð ]dªmð KmÔn Xsâ A\pbmbnIsf Iq«phm³ thïn cmacmPy¯nsâ t]À ]dªv P\§sf aïòcm¡n bncpóp Fóv s\{lp Nnń¨ncpóp. BbXpsImïv Xsó s\{lphnsâ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw KmÔn Hcp henb \bhôI \mbncpóp.

KmÔn BcykamPs¯bpw kzman Zbm\µns\bpw \nµn ¡póp.

BcykamP¯nsâ Øm]I\mb kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn F¡mes¯bpw al¯mb hyànXzamWv. {_n«njv `cW¯nsâ XpS¡¯nð Xsó kzmX{´s¯¡pdn¨v DZvt_m[\w \S¯p Ibpw kzbw`cW¯nsâ BhiyIXIsf¡pdn¨v a\Ênem¡n XcpIbpw sNbvX hyànbpamWv. At±lw lnµp kaql¯n\nS bnð \ne\nóncpó XnòIÄ¡v FXnsc {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw aX]camb AÔhnizmk§fpw A\mNmc§fpw Dòqe\w \S ¯m³ {]bXv\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. apÉnw `cWm[nImcnIfpsS bpw {_n«njv `cW¯nsâbpw Bbncw hÀjw ASnaIfm¡s¸«


lnµp kaql¯n\nSbnð DSseSp¯ A]IÀjXm t_m[w aqew henb tXmXnð lnµp¡Ä apÉnw, {InkvXy³ aX§fntebv¡v ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸Sm³ XpS§n.

At±lw lnµp¡tfmSv AhcpsS aXw thZ§fnð AXnjvTn Xhpw, Cóv temI¯v DÅXnð h¨v Gähpw ]g¡w tNÀó aXhpw, kÀÆhym]oIhpamWv Fóv ]dªp. At±lw apÉnw aXs¯bpw {InkvXy³ aXs¯bpw shñphnfn¨p. lnµp [À½w XsóbmWv DóXsaóv bpànsImïv sXfnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At±l¯n\v lnµp¡Ä¡nSbnð \SópsImïncpó aXw amäw XSbphm³ km[n¨ncpóp. ]pcmX\amb B kwkvImc¯ns\ Adnbphm³ Xmev]cyapÅhÀ¡v thïn sslµh kwkvImc¯n sâ hmXmb\§Ä At±lw lnµp P\Xbv¡v apónð Xpdón«p. C³Uybntebv¡v lnµp¡sf aX]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿phms\¯n b Nne aX]cnhÀ¯IÀ BcykamP¯nsâ DÖe {]`h¯mð lnµp¡fmbn amdn. KmÔnbpsS kz`mhip²nbnñm¯ aI³ lcn emð KmÔn CÉmw aX¯nte¡v ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿pIbpw Bcy kamPw At±ls¯ lnµp aX¯ntebv¡v XncnsI aS¡n sImïv hcnIbpw sNbvXp.

A{Xbv¡v bpK{]`mh\pw alm\pamb Zbm\µ kckzXnsb ]änbpw BcykamPv kaqls¯ ]änbpw hnaÀin¨v KmÔn "" b§v C³Uy'' bnð (28þsabvþ1924) FgpXn. "" kXymÀ° {]Imiv t]mepÅ C{Xbpw \ncmimP\Iamb Hcp {KÙw Rm³ CXphscbpw Iïn«nñ."" XpScpóp.'' kzman Zbm\µ hnimeamb sslµh kwkvImcs¯ k¦pNnXamb at\m`mhapÅXm¡n XoÀ¯ncn¡póp. am{Xañ Bcy kamP¡mÀ s]¬Ip«nIsf X«ns¡mïv t]mIpóhcmWv. (Bcy PK¯v, 13þ11þ1994)

apÉn§Ä X«ns¡mïv t]mb lnµp s]¬Ip«nIsf Bcy kamPw c£n¨v sImïv hcnIbpw AhÀ¡v thïn A\h[n B{ia§fpw ]p\c[nhmk `h\§fpw \nÀ½n¡pIbpw sNbvXn cpóp. CXns\Xnsc IÅ§fpw Ip{]NcW§fpw \S¯nb KmÔn GXp Xc¯nð s]«h\mWóv CXn\Iw hmb\¡mÀ¡v a\Ênembn¡mWpw. NXnb\pw \pWb\pamb At±lw cïnc«n ]m]§fmWv sNbvXpIq«nbXv. HómaXmbn apÉn§Ä sNbvX ]mXI§Ä¡v Iq«v \nóv Ahsb adbv¡pIbpw cïmaXmbn BcykamP¯ns\Xnsc sXämb Ipämtcm]Ww \S¯pIbpw.


Cu cïv alm]mXI§fpw At±l¯n\v P\§fnð \nópw adbv¡m³ km[n¨mepw Cuizc\nð \nópw adbv¡m³ Ignbnñ.

Fómð Cós¯ an¡hmdpw Bcy kamP¡mÀ shdpw hnÍnIfWv. AhcpsS `qcn`mKw ]ÞnXcpw, {]`mjIcpw, Fgp ¯pImcpw AÔambn KmÔnsb ]n´pScpóhcmWv. {]mtbmKo Iambn `qcn`mKhpw aäv lnµp¡sf t]mse KmÔn alm\mWv Fóv hnizkn¡póhcmWv. Ahcnð ]ecpw ]dbpóXv KmÔn cm{ã]nXmhpw kzman Zbm\µv cm{ã¯nsâ ap¯Ñ\pamWv FóXmWv. A§ns\sb¦nð KmÔn kzman Zbm\µns\ ]n´pStcïXtñ?. C{]Imcw BcykamP KmÔnb hn`mKw kzman Zbm\µnsâ {]XnÑmbsbbpw A´kns\bpw hnIeam¡n Htc \pI¯nð sI«nbncn¡póp. C¯c¯nepÅhcmWv lnµp aX¯n\pw cmPy¯n\pw D]{ZhImcnIfmbncn¡pó {]hÀ¯n sNbvXp sImïncn¡póXv. KmÔnbpsS PohnXw apgph³ ]m] ]¦neamb {]hÀ¯nIfmð `cnXamWv. At±l¯nsâ injycpw A\pbmbnIfpw B ]m]s¯ ]¦p h¨v sImïncn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. alm\mb ]ÞnX\pw DóX hyànXz¯nsâ DSa bpamb kzman Zbm\µ kckzXnbpsS Hcp km[mcW injy³ t]mepw BIm\pÅ tbmKyX KmÔnbnð Cñ FóXmWv kXyw.

càkm£nIfmb kzman {i²m\µv, kÀZmÀ `KXv knwKv FónhÀ¡v taepÅ KmÔnbpsS hnizmk hô\

kzman {i²m\µv BcykamP t\Xmhmbncpón«vv IqSnbpw KmÔnbpambn \ñ _Ô¯nð Bbncpóp. 1919 se Pmenb³ hmem_mKv Iq«s¡mebv¡v tijw AarXvkdnð tIm¬{KÊv kt½f\w kwLSn¸n¡m\pÅ ss[cyw BÀ¡pw Dïmbncpónñ. \nÀ®mbIamb B Ahkc¯nð kzman {i²m\µv apJy AYnXnbpw sNbÀam\pambn AarXv kdnð sh¨v hnPbIcambn tIm¬{KÊv kt½f\w \S¯n. cïmaXmbn Uðlnbnse LïmLdnð At±lw kXym{Klw \bn¡pIbpw {]t£m`Imcn Isf shSnhbv¡m³ {_n«njv ]«mf¯n\v BÚ e`n¨t¸mÄ At±lw "" \ndsbmgn¡psa¦nð BZyw Fsâ s\ônð \nd sbmgn¡pI'' Fóv Bt{Imin¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\mð {_n«njv ]«mfw kXym{KlnIsf \ndsbmgn¡m³ ss[cys¸«nñ. kXym{Kl aptóä¯nð KmÔnbpsS heXp ssI Fó t]mse


{]hÀ¯n¨v BZyambn {]XnÚ sNbvXXv kzman {i²m\µv Bbncpóp.

23 Unkw_À 1925 ð apÉnw hÀ¤ob hmZnbmb AÐpÄ djoZv kzman {i²m\µns\ arKobambn sImes¸Sp¯nbt¸mÄ KmÔn kzXkn²amb sNä¯cw ImWn¨p. apÉo§Ä At±l ¯nsâ acWw BtLmjn¨p. KmÔn ̀ oIcamb Cu sIme]mXI s¯ A]e]n¡pItbm IpähmfnIsf in£n¡Wsaóv Bhiy s¸SpItbm sNbvXnñ. AXn\v hn]coXambn At±lw sIme]mX Inbmb AÐpÄ djnZn\vv ""]ymsc `mbv djoZv'' ({]ob ktlmZc³ djoZn\v) Fóv A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXpsImïv Is¯gpXpIbmWv DïmbXv. ]nóoSv A£cmÀ°¯nð djoZp ambn KmÔn ktlmZc_Ôw Øm]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. {_n«njv `cWambXn\mð C¯cw Imcy§fnð XoÀ¨bmbpw \oXn e`n¡psaóv Dd¸pïmbncpóp. ]nóoSv AÐpÄ djoZns\ AdÌv sN¿pIbpw Xq¡ns¡mñ³ hn[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. KmÔn sIme]mXIn¡v thïn CXns\Xnsc ssht{kmbn¡v Zbm lÀPn kaÀ¸n¨p. Fómð ZbmlÀPn XÅpIbpw Ipähmfnsb Xq¡n s¡mñpIbpw sNbvXp. (F hyq Hm^v KmÔnkwþ ss_ F._n. tIð¡À, HmÀKss\kÀ,2þ2þ1997)

CXn\v GItZiw kam\ambn, eme ePv]Xvdmbnsb AXoh KpcpXcamb coXnbnð Xñn¨X¨Xnsâ {]XnImcambn {_n«ojv t]meokv Dt±ymKkvXs\ sImesNbvXXn\v acW in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸« kÀZmÀ `KXv knwKnsâ in£ Poh]cy´am¡phm \pÅ At]£ KmÔn \nckn¡pIbmWv DïmbXv. `KXv knwKn\v thïn ssht{kmbntbmSv At]£n¡m³ KmÔn X¿mdmbncpónñ Fóv am{Xañ. `KXv knwKpw Iq«cpw Cu ]m]]¦neamb Ipä¯n\v in£n¡s¸SpIXsó thWw Fóv {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ( Bcy PKXv,13þ12þ1994, Imt_Pv B³Uv InwKvkvþ ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb, HmÀKss\kÀ, 16þ12þ1997).

BcykamP¯nsâbpw lnµp almk`bpsSbpw kam[m\ ]camb {]Xnt£[§Ä hÀ¤nbsaópw cmPyt{Zml]csa ópw ap{ZIp¯pó KmÔn sslZcm_mZnse CÉmaoI `cWm[nImcnbmb \nkmans\ ]n´pWbv¡póp.

sslZcm_mZnse CÉmaoI `cWm[nImcnbmb \nkmw BcykamPw {]kn²oIcn¨ kzman Zbm\µkckzXnbpsS


kXymÀ° {]Imiv Fó {KÙw \ntcm[n¡pIbpw. kwØm\ s¯ Fñm lnµp t£{X§fnsebpw Bcm[\IÄ¡v hfsc A[nIw hne¡pIÄ GÀs¸Sp¯pIbpw CÉmaoI Xocpam\§Ä ASnt¨ð¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. BbXn\mð 1939 ð hfsc kam[m\]qÀ®ambn BcykamPhpw lnµp almk`bpw tNÀóv sslZcm_mZnse \nkmw `cW¯ns\Xnsc kacw Bcw`n¨p. AtX ImeL«¯nð KmÔnbpsS \nÊlIcW kachpw \S¡pópïmbncpóp. KmÔn DSs\ sslZcm_mZv kwØm\ tIm¬{KÊnt\mSv \nÊlIcW kac¡msc ]cn]qÀ®ambpw kac`qanbnð \nópw ]n³hen¡m³ Bhiys¸«p. "Bcy kamP¯nsâbpw lnµp almk`bpsSbpw kacamWv AXv Fóv sXäp²cn¡m³ CSbpÅXn\mð BWv A{]Imcw sNbvXXv. " lnµp almk`bpsSbpw BcykamP¯nsâbpw kac¯n\v hÀ¤ob\ndw BWv DÅXv. \nÊlIcW kacw CXnt\msSm¸w XpSÀómð AXnsâ tZiob kz`mhw \ãs¸Spw'. (lcnP³,20 P\phcn,18 s^{_phcn,27 sabv,1939, Imt_Pv B³Uv In§vkvþ ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb, HmÀKss\kÀ 03þ12þ1955)

KmÔn CXns\¸än hni²oIcWw \ðIns¡mïv ]nóoSv cmPIpamcn AarXv Iudn\v FgpXn ; "" F\n¡v klmbn¡m³ IgnbpónSt¯mfw Imew al\ob\mb \nkmw Khsòân\v bmsXmcp hn[¯nepapÅ hnja§fpw t\cnScpXv Fóv Rm³ Nn´mIpe\mbncn¡póp.''( HmÀKss\kÀ,3þ12þ1955)

{]XnIcWtijnbpÅ lnµp¡sf tZihncp²scópw hÀ¤o bhmZnIsfópw ap{ZIp¯pIbpw aX{`m´\pw lnµp¡sf ASn¨ aÀ¯m³ {ian¡póh\pamb \nkmans\ ]n´pW¡pIbpw sN¿pó KmÔnbpsS I]mSyw \ndª ss]imNoI apJs¯ GsXmcph\pw apIfnð ]dª hcnIfnð ZÀin¡mhpóXmWv. KmÔnbpsS A\pbmbnIfpw tIm¬{KÊpImcpw CtX amÀ¤w ]n´pScpóhcpw 1947 se hn`P\¯nep tijw AkvXan¨p Fóv IcpXnb apÉow `oIcXsb t{]mÕmln¸n¡póhcpamWv Fóv kaql¯nse AhcpsS hm¡pIfnð \nópw {]hÀ¯nIfnð \nópw a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv. CXp XsóbmWv C³Uysb ZpÀ_eam¡n XoÀ¡póXpw.

KmÔnbpw A\pbmbnIfpw P½phnð cmPm lcnknwKnt\mSv ]dªXp t]mse \nkmant\mSv kwØm\w Hgnªv ]pd¯v t]mIm\pw `cWw lnµp t\Xm¡Ä¡v ssIamdm\pw KmÔn


F´psImïv ]dªnñ. ChnsS {i²mÀlamb Hcp Imcyw ssjJv A_pÅ¡pw apÉn§Ä¡pw thïn \nesImï KmÔn lnµphns\ Fópw NXn¡pIbmbncpóp. \nkmw sNbvXXv t]mse cmP lcn knwKv Hcn¡epw apÉn§Ä¡v aX]cambn Hcp hn[¯nepapÅ {]Xn_Ô§fpw GÀs¸Sp¯nbncpónñ.

A²ymbwþ6

]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcWw Fsâ PU¯n\p aosX am{Xw; KmÔnbpsS

hô\ \ndª kXykÔX KmÔn Xsâ eLp BßIYm kw{Klamb ""k¦vin]vXv

BßIY'' t]Pv 226þ227 ð FgpXnbncn¡póp."Rm³ kXys¯ Cuizc\mbn IcpXpóp'. Alnwkbpw kXyhpamWv Fsâ cïv izmktImi§Ä. Ah CñmsX F\n¡v \ne\nð¡m³ Ignbnñ Fóv At±lw km[mcWbmbn ]dbpóp. F{Xbpw Im]Syw \ndªXpw hô\mßIhpmWv At±l¯nsâ Alnwkbpw kXyhpw Fóv \mw ap³]v a\Ênem¡nbXmWv. B hm¡pIÄ lnµp¡sf NXn¡m³ thïn am{Xw KmÔn D]tbmKn¨ncpó XmWv. AXns\ a\Ênem¡m³ Xmsg]dbpó Htc Hcp DZml cWw am{Xw [mcmfamWv.

1943 ð cmPmPn ( kn. cmPtKm]memNmcn ) ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v thïn ]²Xn X¿mdm¡pIbpw KmÔnbpsS A\paXn t\SpIbpw sNbvXp. KmÔn, cmPmPnsb Pnóbpambn IqSnbmtemN\ \S¯m³ NpaXes¸Sp¯n. cmPmPn Pnóbpambn NÀ¨ sNbvXp F¦nepw NÀ¨ ]cmPbambnt¸mbn. Fs´ómð Pnóbv¡v apgph³ ]ôm_pw, _wKmfpw, Bkmapw, _eqNn Øm\pw, knÔpw.... Fñmw thWambncpóp. cmPmPnbpsS ]²Xn A\pkcn¨v 1947se ]m¡nkvXm³ (\nehnepÅ) t]mse Xsó cq]nIcn¡m\mbncpóp Dt±iyw. 1944 ð cmPmPnbpsS ]²Xn A\pkcn¨v KmÔn kzImcyambn Pnóbpambn 9þsk]vXw_À1944 apXð 27þ sk]vXw_Àþ1944 hsc PnóbpsS apw_bnepÅ ae_mÀ _w¥mhnð h¨v ]Xn\mev (14) XhW NÀ¨ \S¯n. ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v tijhpw {]Xntcm[w AS¡ apÅ aqóv taJeIfnð s]mXphmb DS_SnIÄ Dïm¡saóv KmÔn Pnóbv¡v Dd¸v sImSp¯p. Fómð Pnó AXv ]msS \ncmIcn¡pIbpw ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v tijw Xm³ aäv cmPy§sf Iq«v ]nSn¨v C³Uysb A{Ian¡pw Fóv adp]Sn \ðIpIbpw sNbvXp. (UnsshUv B³Uv Iznäv, t]Pv 45þ ss_


]m³sUdð aq¬ eï³, Imt_Pvkv B³Uv In§vkv þ ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb HmÀKss\kÀ 22þ09þ1996)

apIfnð ]dªncn¡pó Imcy§fnð \nópw 1943 ð ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\mbn KmÔn k½Xw \ðIpI am{Xañ, Pnóbpambn hfsc Kuchambn NÀ¨IÄ \S¯n bncpóp FóXv hyàamWv. Fómð 1945þ46 se XncsªSp¸nð hnPbw ssIhcn¡m³ thïnam{Xw ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcWw Fsâ ihicoc¯n\v aosX am{Xw \S¡pIbpÅp Fó IÅ {]Jym]\w \S¯n lnµp¡sf ]msS NXn¡pIbmbncpóp. ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcW¯n\v ap³]v hsc B {]tZi§fnð Xmakn¨ncpó lnµp¡Ä Ahkm\ \nanjw hsc KmÔnbpsS hm¡pIsf hnizkn¨p. ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v tijw X§sf Im¯ncn¡póXv PnlmZnsâ hmfpIfmWv Fóv AhÀ Adnªncpónñ. A¡me¯v Rm³ knbmðt¡m«nse (Cóv ]m¡nkvXm\nð) sslkvIqfnð ]Tn¡pIbmbncpóp. hn`P\w DïmIpIbnñ Fóv hnizkn¨v ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v cïpaqóv amk§Ä¡v ap³]v AhnsS ]pXpXmbn apdnIÄ Dïm¡nbncpóp. Fómð NXnb\pw hôI\pamb KmÔn Hóv ]dbpIbpw AXn\v FXncmbn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿póXnsâ ^eambn h³tXmXnepÅ lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw Iq«s¡meIÄ¡v AXv ImcWambn¯oÀóp. bmYmÀ°y§Ä At±lw P\§tfmSv ]dªnñ. Fóv am{Xañ At±l¯nsâ kz`mh¯nð kpXmcyXtbm ip²ntbm Dïmbncpónñ. A§ns\ Dïmbncpsó¦nð ]m¡nkvXm\nð \nópw c£s¸Sm³ P\§Ä thï kÖoIcW§Ä Hcp¡pambncpóp. ChnsS kqNn¸n t¡ï HcpImcyw Aós¯ ssht{kmbn Bbncpó auïv _mä³ apÉo§Ä `qcn]£apÅ P\hmk {]tZi§Ä am{Xta ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\mbn e`n¡pIbpÅp Fópw AXv KmÔnsb sImïv km[n¡póXñ Fópw Pnósb ]dªv t_m²ys¸Sp¯nbncpóp. ]mÀ«nj³ B³Uv B^väÀaXv, t]Pv75 þss_ tIhð knwKv. CXnð C{]Imcw ]dªncn¡póp. ""Hcp Znhkw sshIptócw sshs{kKð temUvPnð h¨v £Wn¡ s¸« Hcp Ukt\mfw hcpó aäv AYnXnItfmsSm¸w R§Ä¡v Hcp kð¡mcw Dïmbncpóp. kð¡mcapdnbpsS hmXn¡ð auïv_mä³ Pnósb hnfn¨p \nÀ¯n ]À«njsâ cq]s¯ Ipdn¨v hnhcn¨p. hn`Pn¡s¸« ]m¡nkvXmsâ {]hiyIfmb


_wKmfpw ]ôm_pw C³Uy¡pw ]m¡nkvXm\pw CSbnemWó kXyw a\Ênem¡nb Pnó sR«nt¸mbn. Pnó At¸mÄ Xsó C¯c¯nð hnIeam¡s¸« ]m¡nkvXm³ Rm³ kzoIcn¡m³ X¿mdñ Fóv auïv_mät\mSv ]dªp. AXn\v adp]Snbmbn auïv_mä³ ]dªp. an.Pnó \n§Ä ]m¡nkvXm³ tNmZn¨p. \n§Ä¡v AXv e`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. C\n AXnð aäw Dïmhp Ibnñ. apÉnw `qcn]£ {]tZi§Ä ]m¡nkvXmt\mSv tNcWw Fóv ]dbpt¼mÄ lnµp `qcn]£{]tZi§Ä C³UytbmSv tNcpI FóXv AhcpsS AhImiamWv.''

apIfnð ]dª kw`h§fnð \nópw Nne tNmZy§Ä Dbcpóp

1.KmÔn lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[n Bbn«mtWm PnótbmSv NÀ¨ \S¯nbXv?. A§ns\ Añ F¦nð F´v am\ZÞ¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv/ A[nImc¯nsâ t]cnemWvv At±lw PnótbmSv NÀ¨ \S¯nbXv?. apÉn§fpsSbpw lnµp¡fpsSbpw IqSn {]Xn\n[nbmbmWv KmÔn PnótbmSv kwkmcn¨sX¦nð F§ns\bmWv C³UybpsS apÉnw `qcn]£ {]tZi§Ä ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v hn«psImSp¡m³ At±l¯n\v IgnbpI?

2.lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbmWv KmÔn PnótbmSv kwkm cn¨sX¦nð AXv F´psImïv s]mXphmbn {]Jym]n¨nñ. AXn\ptijw lnµp¡fptSXmb Xmev]cy§Ä ImWphm\pw kwc£n¡m\pw X¿mdbnñ?. \ñXv Fóv tXmón¸n¡pó hn[ ¯nepÅ Fñm kwc`§fpsSbpw ]nónse ]pIadbvIpÅnð IgpI³ I®pIfpw DÅnsemfn¸n¨v NXnbpsS apJhpambn KmÔn Fópw Dïmbncpóp.

3. auïv_mä³ {]tbmKn¨ bpàn PnóbpsS hmbv aqSns¡ «m³ Xc¯nfpÅXmbncpóp. thWsa¦nð KmÔn¡pw AXn\v Ignbpambncpóp. CXv KmÔn bpànlo\³ Fóv shfnhm¡p óXpw {_n«njpImÀ apÉow A\pIqenItfm lnµp hncp²tcm Añ \ymb¯nsâ ]£¯mbncpóp Fóv sXfnbn¡póXpamWv. AXpsImïv Xsó KmÔnbpw A\pbmbnIfpw kz´w hnÍnXz §Ä¡pw ]cmPb§Ä¡pw {_n«ojpImsc ]gnsNmcnbpóXv \ymbnIcn¡mhpóXñ.

Ahkm\ambn, _p²niyq\ycmb lnµp¡fpsS hnÍn¯c ¯n\v AXncpIfnñ Fóv ASnhcbn«v Dd¸n¡pó Imcyw, AhÀ


NXnb\pw \pWb\pw \bhôI\pw 10 e£w lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw Iq«s¡mebv¡v D¯chmZnbpw cmPy¯n\ptað sXämb A\h[n Imcy§Ä ASnt¨ð¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX Hcp hyànsb al¯mb t\Xmhv apXð cmã]nXmhv hsc B¡n XoÀ¯p FóXmWv. aäv Ip«n ssZh§fmb IdIfª KmÔnbÀ Fóv kzbw hntijn¸n¡pó cmtP{µ {]kmZv, samdmÀPn tZimbv, hnt\m` `msh, emð _lZqÀ imkv{Xn FónhÀ KmÔnbpsS sXäpIÄ¡pw NXn¡pw Iq«v \nóv lnµp¡sf NXn¨ Htc KW¯nðs¸« IpähmfnIÄ XsóbmWv.

KmÔn Hcp òcp.""tl! cmw''Fóv ]dªn«nñ. ]s£ aq{X samgn¡pIbpw hmbnð \nóv \pcbpw ]pIbpw hcpIbpw sNbvXp.

KmÔn Xsâ BßIYbnð (lnµn BßIY) t]Pv 19 ð kzbw k½Xn¡póp."" Rm³ Hcp òcphmWv. IÅòmscbpw, ]m¼pIsfbpw, t{]X§sfbpsañmw F\n¡v `bamWv. Fóp am{Xañ cm{Xnbnð Häbv¡v ]pd¯v t]mIphm\pÅ ss[cyw F\n¡nñ. cm{Xnbnð apdnbv¡pÅnð sseäv CSmsX Dd§phm³ F\n¡v IgnbpIbnñ. F\n¡v Fsâ Cu ZpÀ_eXsb¸än Fsâ `mcytbmSv ]dbphm³ eÖbmbncpóp. Ip«nbmbncpót¸mÄ am{Xañ apXnÀót¸mfpw KmÔnbpsS am\koImtcmKyw CtX Xc¯nð DÅXmbncpóp. B òcpXzw PohnXImew apgph³ A§ns\ Xsó XpScpIbpw sNbvXp.

18þ01þ1948 se {]kwK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp."" Rm³ Hcp {]hmNI\ñ. Fóncpómepw HcpImcW¯mð Asñ¦nð asäm cp ImcW¯mð AhÀ¡v (lnµp¡Ä) C³Uybnse apÉo§ fpambn kulrZ]camb coXnbnð Ignbphm³ km[n¡pIbnñ. temI¯nepÅ apÉn§Ä Fñmw AhÀ¡v i{Xp¡fmbv Xocp Ibpw C³Uy AhÀ¡v \ãs¸SpIbpw sN¿pw Fóv a\Ênem ¡m\pÅ Ignhpw _p²nbpw ssZhw thïpthmfw F\n¡v \ðInbn«pïv''. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pvþ354)

apIfnð ]dªXnð \nópw KmÔn temI apÉn§fpsS sFIyw FóXv kzm`mhoIhpw {]IShpamb B{Klhpambn ]cn KWn¨ncpóp FóXv hfsc hyàamWv. F¦nð F´psImïv HäcmPy¯n\pÅnepÅ (C³Uy) lnµp¡fpsS sFIyw At±lw B{Kln¨ncpónñ Asñ¦nð AXn\v FXncmbncpóp?. hn`Pn


¡s¸« C³UybnepÅ lnµp¡tfmSv ]m¡nkvXm\nð \nópw {]mW`b¯mð HmSnt¸mcpó lnµp¡fpsS Imcys¯ Ipdn¨v Nnńt¡ïXnñ Fóv D]tZin¨Xv Fń\v?. kzbw Hcp òcp BbXn\mð KmÔn _m¡n lnµp¡fpw òcp¡fmbncn¡phm\pw apÉn§sf `bs¸«v Pohn¡Ww Fópw B{Kln¨ncpóp. ]s£ At±l¯nsâ A\pbmbnIÄ KmÔnsb ]cn]qÀ®\mbpw ss[cyimenbmbpw Nn{XoIcn¨ncpóp. shSntbäv hoW \nanjw t]mepw ]qÀ® cma`à\pw acW kab¯v ""tl! cmw'' Fóv ]dªXmbpw DÅ IÅ¡YIfpw \pWIfpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

Fómð kXymhØ 01þPqsseþ1996 ð "" iàn kamNmÀ, 16 amIkv ebn³, sImð¡¯þ7 ]pd¯v hn«ncpóp. CXnð hmbn¡mhpóXv Fw.sI. KmÔn, \mYqdmw tKmUvskbpsS shSntbäv hoWv acWs¸SpóXn\v ap³]v "tl! cmw' Fóv ]dªn«nñ FóXmWv. adn¨v izmkw ap«pt_mÄ DïmIpó "^qppkv' FóXc¯neqÅ iÐw am{Xta ]pd¯v hópÅp. tKmUvsk hnNmcW kab¯v CXv ]dsª¦nepw Bcpw B kab¯v At±ls¯ hnizkn¨nñ. acWs¯t¸mepw `b¡msX Aý \nanj¯nð NpïpIfnð cma\maw Dcphn«psImïv [oc\mb a\pjys\t¸mse KmÔn acn¨v hoWp Fó coXnbnð s]mSn¸pw sXm§epw \nd¨ \pW¡YIÄ A\pbmbnIfpw tIm¬{KÊpImcpw {]Ncn¸n¨p sImïncpóp. kXy¯nð shSn tbäv acWs¸Spó kab¯v t]Sn¨v hnd¨v apïnð aq{X samgn¡pIbpw hmbnð \nóv \pcbpw ]pIbpw hcnIbpw DcpfIng§v kôn t]mse \ne¯v hogpIbpamWv DïmbXv''. Cu kXyw KmÔnbpsS ap³ AwKc£I\mbncpó an. hn. IeymWw ]pd¯v hn«ncpóp. 08 þs^{_phcnþ 1999 _p[\mgvN a{Zmknse (sNssó) t^mdw Hm^v euUv Xn¦n§nð kwkmcn ¡sh hn. IeymWw ]dªp."" Fsâ tað \nópw shSnbpï 6 Côv hyXymk¯nð e£yw sXäpIbmWv DïmbXv. F´mWv bmYmÀXy¯nð B Znhkw \SósXóv F\n¡dnbmw. kw`hn ¡m¯ Hóns\ Ipdn¨v ]dªv temIs¯ apgph³ hnÍnIfm ¡pIbmWv sNbvXncn¡póXv "".

KmÔnbpsS {]XntbmKnbmb an.Pnó At±ls¯ BSns\ t]mð òcphmbmWv IW¡m¡nbncn¡póXv. KmÔnsb Ipdn¨v hfsc bmYmÀXyhpw Xmev]cyw DWÀ¯póXpamb Nn{XamWv


ssktejv IpamÀ D]m²ymbv bpsS ''apl½Zv Aen Pnó B³Uv {Intbj³ Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³"" Fó ]pkvXI¯nð ]dbpóXv. t]Pv 244 C{]Imcw hmbn¡mw. '' HtÎm_À 10 \v Izoä eoKv kwLSn¸n¨ s]mXpkt½Å\¯nð h¨v At±lw KmÔnbpsS A{IacmlnXy kXym{Kl kacs¯ ]ckyambn \nµn¨ncn ¡póp. IqSmsX cq£ambn ]cnlkn¨p sImïv C§s\ ]dbp óp. t\Xmhmbn¯ocm³ t]meoknsâ em¯nbpsS aÀ±\w kln¨v Hcp BSns\t¸mse Ccn¡pIbpw, ]nóoSv Pbnenð t]mIpIbpw, icoc`mcw Ipdªp shóv BhemXns¸«psImïv Pbnð tamN\¯n\mbn {ian¡pIbpw sN¿póp (Dds¡bpÅ NncnIÄ ]Scpóp)....

KmÔnsb F{X IrXyambn Pnó Afóncn¡póp Fóv \ap¡v a\Ênem¡mw.

A²ymbwþ7

Pnó¡v \ymbapïmbncpóp. Fómð KmÔn lnµp¡sf hôn¨p

an. Pnó kXykÔ\pw ss[cyimenbpw Bb hyàn Bbn

cpóp. Fómð KmÔn¡v IÅw ]dbpóXpw bmYmÀXy§sf hfs¨mSn¡póXpamb ioew Dïmbncpóp. amÀ¨v 1940 \v emtlmdnð apÉnw eoKnsâ 27þaXv kt½f\¯nð {]knU³ jyð A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿pt¼mÄ Pnó¡v Xsâ Bibw hfsc hyàambncpóp. ""\½Ä, 100 aney¬ /AXnð IqSn bmepw/ (hn`Pn¡póXn\v ap³]v `mcX¯nse BsI apÉnw P\ kwJy 100 aney¬ Bbncpóp) hcpó apÉo§Ä Hcp cmPyamWv. \½ptSXmb \mKcoIXbpw, kwkvImchpw, `mjbpw, kmlnXy hpw, Iebpw, hmkvXphnZybpw, \mahpw, kwÚIfpw, aqeyhpw, Hmlcnbpw, \nbahpw, [mÀ½oI kwlnXIfpw, BNmc§fpw, Ieïdpw, Ncn{Xhpw, kw{_Zmb§fpw, ImgvN¸mSpIfpw, B{K l§fpw FñmapÅ cmPyw. Npcp¡¯nð PohnXs¯ Ipdn¨pw CXcamb Imcy§sf Ipdn¨pw \½ptSXv am{Xamb hyàamb ImgvN¸mSpÅXpw Fñm AÀ°¯nepw A´mcmã Xe¯nepÅ Hcp cmPyw. ({Sn_yq¬, ktï doUn§v, 23þ11þ1993, Atbm²y B³Uv B^väÀ, ss_ APbv AlqP, teJ\w)

apÉnw eoKpw Pnóbpw ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcW¯n\v thïn \nc¯nb hmZ {]XnhmZ§fnð F{Xbpw \oXnbpàamb ImcW§fmWv Dóbn¡póXv FópÅXv ap³ A²ymb¯nepw Paoð DZv Znsâ "kw Bkvs]Ivävkv Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³ Fó {KÙ¯nepw, emð _lZqdnsâ '{ÌKnÄ Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³, t]Pv 235 epw ImWm³ Ignbpw. Ahkm\t¯Xnð C{]Imcw FgpXnbncn¡póp ""eoKv aptóm«v hbv¡pó asämcp IcWw ]m¡nkvXm³ FóXv lnµp¡fpsSbpw apÉo§fpsSbpw ]qÀ® kzmX{´yw BWv. lnµp¡Ä Bhiys¸Spó GIoIrX C³Uy FóXv lnµp `cn¡pó, apÉo§Ä IogS§n Pohn¡pó C³UybmWv. eoKv e£yanSpóX,v lnµp¡Ä¡pw apÉn§Ä¡pw ]cam[nImcapÅ AhcptSXmb amXrcmPyamWv. AXphgn


kz`cWhpw, kz´w Ignhn\pw _p²n¡pw kwkvImc¯n\pw k{¼Zmb§Ä¡pw A\pkcn¨v kzcmPy¯nsâ `mhn¡v thïn {]bXv\n¡m\pÅ Ahkchpw e`n¡pw. ''

IqSpXð kwØm\§Ä thWsaó Zpcm{Klw Dïmbncp só¦nepw Pnó apÉo§fpsS amXrcmPyambn ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]nIcWw am{Xañ. AtX Ahkcw lnµp¡Ä¡v AhcpsS amXrcmPyamb hn`PnX C³UybpsS cq]¯nð e`n¡póXnð a\ÊpÅh\mbncpóp FóXv hyàamWv. A§ns\ Ccns¡ Xsó Pnó 10 P\phcn 1941 \v apws_bnð h¨v \Só apÉnw FUyptIj³ kÀhokv eoKnsâ kt½f\¯nð {]ISn¸n¨ ImgvN¸mSv C{]ImcamWv."" C³UybnepÅ Fñm cm{ãob ]mÀ«n Ifpw ]m¡nkvXm³ aptóm«v sh¨ ]²Xn AwKoIcn¨v sImïv lnµp¡sfbpw apÉo§sfbpw AhchcpsS amXrcmPy§fnð ]p\c[nhkn¸n¡póXn\v DÅ \S]Sn FSp¡Ww. (sP\nknkv Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³þ ss_ hn.hn. \KÀ¡À, t]Pv 332)

]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcWw GItZiw Xocpam\n¡s¸Sth, Pnó hoïpw C{]Imcw Hcp {]Jym]\w \S¯n."" Hcp kwibhpw thï ]m¡nkvXm\nð hkn¡pó lnµp¡Ä¡v amXrcmPyamb lnµpØm\ntebv¡v t]mIWsa¦nð AhÀ¡v AXn\pÅ ]cn]qÀ® kzmX{´apïv. adn¨v lnµpØm\nð hkn¡pó apÉo§Ä¡v ]m¡nkvXm\ntebv¡v IpSntbdWsa¦nð AXn\v thï Ahkcw e`n¡Ww. DS\Sntbm ]nóntSm Cuhn[apÅ amän]mÀ¸n¡epIÄ \S¡Ww. AXn\mbn lnµpØmsâbpw ]m¡nkvXmsâbpw `cWIqS§Ä IqSnbmtemNn¨v C¡mcyw Kuchambn ]cnKWn¨v ^eh¯mb coXnbnð P\§fpsS {Ibhn{Ibw \S¯pIbpw thWw. (t]Pv 457, sP\nknkv Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³)

an. PnóbpsS {]kvXmh\ hfsc hyàhpw kwXpenXhpw Bbncpóp. lnµp¡tfmSv Hcp A\oXnbpw AXnð ImWphm³ Dïmbncpónñ. t\scadn¨v KmÔn 24þsk]vXw_Àþ1947 ð At±l¯nsâ {]mÀ°\m kt½f\¯nð C{]Imcw ]dªp. "tIm¬{KÊpw {_n«Wpw k½Xw aqfnbnñmbncpóp F¦nð Cóv ]m¡nkvXm³ Dïmhpambncpónñ. ]m¡nkvXm\nse apÉo§Ä AXv AÀln¡s¸SpIbpw Cñmbncpóp. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 35). AXn\mð KmÔnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ]m¡nkvXm³ FóXv ]m¡nkvXm\nð hkn¨ncpó apÉn§Ä¡v thïn


DÅXmbncpóp. AñmsX C³Uybnð hkn¡pó apÉnan\v thïnbpÅtXm, ]m¡nkvXm\nð hkn¡pó lnµphn\v thïn bpÅtXm Añmbncpóp. A§ns\ C³Uy FóXv FñmhÀ¡pw Xmakn¡mhpó Hcp [À½imetbm, k{Xtam Bbncpóp. KmÔn ]eh«w Duón¸dª cïv Imcy§Ä C³Uy "" lnµp cmPyañ'' Fópw "]m¡nkvXm\nse lnµp,knJv P\§Ä¡v F´p Xsó kw`hn¨mepw AXv \½psS {]iv\añ"" FóXpw (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 57þ71).

A§ns\ KmÔn lnµp¡Ä¡v AhcpsS amXrcmPyw Cñm Xm¡n. Fómð Pnó CcphÀ¡pw AXv e`n¡phm³ kó²X {]ISn¸n¨ hnime a\ÊpÅh\mbncpóp. KmÔnbpsS hn{Iob IfpsS A\ńcêambn temI¯nse Gähpw ]g¡tadnb ss]XrI¯nsâ DSaIÄ¡v aXrcmPyw Cñm¯ AhØ kwPmXambn. _w¥mtZinð \ntóm ]m¡nkvXm\nð \ntóm hcpó Zcn{Zcmb lnµp¡sf Xncnªpt\m¡m³ t]mepw Cóv Bcpw X¿mdñ. A\[nIrX CÉmaoI \pgªp Ibä¡msc _w¥mtZinð \ntóm ]m¡v A\[oIrX C³Uybnð \ntóm HmSn¡m³ BÀ¡pw ss[cyhpw Cñ. C³Uy ZpÀ_eamb cmPyambn ]cnWan¨Xn\v ImcWw, ]m¡nkvXm\n \pgªpIbä ¡mcpsS {IqcXIÄ XSp¡m³ Ignhnñm¯hÀ BbXn\memWv. F´psImsïómð ]Xn\ôv tImSn apÉo§Ä C³Uybnepïv. lnµp¡Ä a\¸qÀÆw Ipg¸§Ä £Wn¨v hcp¯phm³ ss[cy s¸Spónñ.

KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[nbñ F¦nð hn`PnX C³UybpsS Øm\am\§Ä B{Kln¨Xpw Ae ¦cn¨Xpw Fń\v?

KmÔnbpw s\{lphpw s]mXpP\§tfmSv PohnX¯nð Hcn ¡epw AhÀ lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[n BsWóv ]dªn«nñ. AhÀs¡XnscbpÅ KpcpXcamb Hcp Ipäw ""PnóbpsS {]Øm h\ A\pkcn¨v DÅXv AS¡w lnµp¡fpsS amXrcmPyamb hn`PnX C³Uy `cn¡m\pw Øm\§Ä GsäSp¡phm\pw F´v ASnØm\ AhImiamWv KmÔn¡pw s\{lphn\pw Dïmbncp óXv?. Aev]sa¦nepw Bßm`nam\w Ahcnð Dïmbncpóp F¦nð AhÀ ssht{kmbntbmSv X§Ä lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn \n[nIÄ Añ Fóv ]dbWambncpóp. Fón«v cmPy`cWw


lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[nIÄ¡v ssIamdWambncpóp. ImcWw cmPy¯nsâ hn`P\w lnµp¡Ä¡pw apÉo§Ä¡pw {]tXyIw amXrcmPyw Fó Bib¯nsâbpw am\ZÞ¯nsâbpw am{Xw ASnØm\¯nð Bbncpóp.

{_n«njv Khs×âv Hcpthf s\{lphn\pw tIm¬{KÊn\pw lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[n Fó [mcWbnð `cWw ssIamdn F¦nð Xsó Unkw_À 1946 ð _ðtZhv knwKv, s\{lp, Pnó FónhÀ eï\nð t]mIpIbpw, {_n«ojv s{]Ênð AhÀ bYm{Iaw knJv, lnµp, apÉnw {]Xn\n[nIfmWóv {]kvXmhn ¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. ({Sn_yq¬, 27þ01þ1948). CXnð \nópw s\{lp lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbmWv eï\nð t]mbXv Fóv hyàamWv. Fómð PohnX¯nð Hcn¡epw lnµp¡tfmSv DÅ ISa \ndthänbnñ. Ft¸msgñmw AhÀ {_n«njv Khs×âpw, Pnóbpambpw kt½f\§fnepw tbmK¯nepw ]s¦Sp¡pt¼mÄ lnµp¡fpsS Hmlcn e`n¡phm³ thïn am{Xw lnµp {]Xn\n[n Bbncn¡pIbpw, tijw lnµp¡sf kaÀ°ambn NXn¡pIbpw sNbvXncpóp. Cu t\Xm¡fpsS kz`mhip²n Cñmbva¡v A\pbmbnIÄ hni²oIcWw \ðIWw.

30 sk]vXw_À 1947 se {]mÀ°\m kt½f\¯nð KmÔn ]dªp. "" {]`mX¯nð Nne kplr¯p¡Ä anb³hmenbnð (shÌv ]ôm_v ) sh¨v At±ls¯ kµÀin¡pIbpïmbn. anbm³hmenbnð \nópÅ B kplr¯p¡Ä ]dªp R§Ä Dt]£n¨v t]móhÀ _eambn aX]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸SpI tbm, sImes¸SpItbm, Zmcn{Zw A\p`hn¡s¸SpItbm, kv{Xo Ifpw s]¬Ip«nIfpw X«ns¡mïv t]mIs¸SpItbm sN¿s¸«n «pïmImw Fóv R§Ä `bs¸Spóp.

B kplr¯p¡Ä KmÔntbmSv tNmZn¨p. Ahsc kwc£n t¡ïXv C³Uym Khs×ânsâ NpaXe Bbncpóntñ?. KmÔnbpsS adp]Snþ ]m¡nkvXm\nse \yq\]£s¯ kwc£n ¡m³ cïv amÀ¤§Ä Dïmbncpóp. Gähpw \ñ amÀ¤w IzbvZv þCþBkmw Pnóbpw At±l¯nsâ a{´namcpw \yq\]£§ fpsS kpc£ Dd¸m¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v iàn ]IcpIbpambn cpóp thïXv. At¸mÄ AhÀ¡v C³Uybntebv¡v IpSntbdï Xns\¸än Nn´n¨v DXvIWvTs¸tSïn hcpambncpónñ. Hgnªv t]mb {]tZi§Ä Hgn¡s¸«hÀ¡v Xsó Dd¸m¡pI FóXv ]m¡nkvXmsâ Xmev]cys¯ B{ibn¨ncn¡pó ImcyamWv.


A§ns\ hcpt¼mÄ XoÀ¨bmbpw X«ns¡mïv t]mIepItfm aX]cnhÀ¯\§tfm DïmhpIbnñ. (Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 50) F{Xbpw \mWwsI« coXnbnemWv KmÔn klmbw \nt£[n ¡póXv Fóv GhÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv. C¯c¯nð Im]Syhpw hô\bpw temINcn{X¯nð asämcnS¯pw ImWm³ km[n¡nñ. Npcp¡¯nð sNómbv¡Ä BSpIfpsS kpc£ Dd¸m¡pIWw FóXmWv KmÔn ]dªp hcpóXv. ChnsS HmÀ½n¸nt¡ï asämcp {][m\ Imcyw, lnµpþ apÉnw P\XbpsS {Ibhn{Ib¯nsâ IcmÀ \ne\nð¡pó ImebfhnemWv CXv NXnb³ KmÔn ]dbpóXv FóXmWv. 5þsk]vXw_Àþ 1947 ð emtlmdnð sh¨pÅ amÌÀ Xmcm knwMnsâ {]bXv\¯nsâ ^eambn H¸v h¨ Cu IcmÀ A\pkcn¨v Ing¡v ]Snªmd³ ]ôm_n\nSbnð DÅ lnµpþapÉnw, knJv P\Xsb ]qÀ®ambn amäWambncpóp. shÌv ]ôm_nð \nópw lnµp, knJv P\X sb CuÌv ]ôm_ntebv¡v amäpI FóXv C³Uym Khs×ân sâ NpaXebpambncpóp. C³Uym Khs×ânsâ ISaIsfbpw NpaXeIsfbpw \ndthäpóXn\v \nÀt±iw \ðIpóXn\v ]Icw A`bmÀ°nIfmbn hó lnµp¡sfbpw knJpImscbpw XncnsI Ab¨Xv KmÔnbpsS in£ AÀln¡póXpw \nÀeÖmIchp amb {]hÀ¯nbmWv.

ssk\oIsc A]am\n¡pó KmÔn ; ssk\oIÀ I¡qkv hr¯nbm¡Ww Fóv KmÔnbpsS Iev]\

GsXmcp `cWIqS¯nsâbpw {]mYaoIhpw Fähpw {]m[m \yaÀln¡póXpamb NpaXebmWv cmPy¯nsâ AXnÀ¯nI fnse kwc£Ww Dd¸m¡pI FóXv. ]pdta \nópÅ A\h[n A[n\nthi B{Ia§Ä¡v ]e Ime§fmbn C³Uy Ccbm bn«pïv. AXnð CÉmaoI A[n\nthiw hfsc {]m[m\yw AÀ ln¡póp. a\pjyXz clnXamb {IqcXIfmepw Zpã{]hÀ¯n Ifmepw ISópIbä¡mcmb Cu A{IaImcnIÄ lnµp¡fpsS tað B[n]Xyw Øm]n¨p. lnµp¡Ä A\p`hn¨ Zpc´¯n\v kam\ambpw kam´cambpw temI¯nð F§pw Xsó Hcp Ncn{Xhpw \ne\nð¡pópanñ. ]pcmW§fnð `mcX¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n ISóv hó Akpcòmcmbn Nn{XoIcn¡s¸« ImSòm cmb ]Snªmd³ cmPy¡mÀ apXð {_n«ojv A[n\nthiw hsc B A{Ia]c_cIfpsS Ncn{Xw \oïv \nhÀóv InS¡póp. Hcp


Ime¯v C³Uy _p²aX kmlnXy§Ä A\pkcn¨v KmÔmcw apXð (A^vKm\nØm³) Imwt_mPw hsc (Gjy) ]SÀóv InSóncpóp. GItZiw Bbncw hÀj§Ä¡pÅnemWv Cóv ImWpóXv t]mse ]IpXnbmbn ]cnWan¨n«pÅXv. F¦nepw C¡me¯pw KmÔnbpw, s\{lphpw AhcpsS A\pbmbnIfpw ssk\oIsc ]qÀ®ambpw AhKWn¡pIbpw AhtcmSv hntcm[w Im«pIbpw sN¿póp. KmÔnbcpsS {]hÀ¯nIfnð [occmb ssk\oItcmSv Fópw AhÚbpw ]pÑhpamWv Dïmbn«pÅXv.

hn`P\¯n\v DS\Sn, cmPys¯ hgn]ng¸n¨ KmÔn Hcp {]kvXmh\ \S¯n. "" ssk\nIcmb ̀ SòmcpsS tPmen A{Xbv¡v _lpam\w AÀln¡póXmWv Fóv ]dbphm³ Rm³ B{Kln ¡pónñ. AhÀ \new DgpIWw, InWdpIÄ Ipgn¡Ww, I¡qkp IÄ hr¯nbm¡pIbpw thWw.'' ( Z Un^³kv B³Uv t^mdn³ t]mfnkokv Hm^v C³Uy þ ss_ hn. tem§À ÌÀen§v ]»ntjÀkv, (A dnhyq C³ Z {Sn_yq¬ 25þ06þ99)

5þsk]vXw_À 1947 \v At±lw ]dªp."" Rm\ñ C³Uym `cn¡póXv. Rm³ `cn¨ncpóp F¦nð cmPy¯v t]meotkm, ane«dntbm DïmhpIbnñ.'' (almßþ ss_ Un.Pn. sSïpð¡À t]Pv 138/ HmÀKss\kÀ 08þ06þ1947)

04þ12þ1947 se {]kwK¯nð At±lw hoïpw C{]Imcw ]dªp,"" C³UybpsS ssk\oIhð¡cWw FóXv cmPy¯n sâ \miamWv. AXphgn temI¯nsâbpw ( almß, t]Pv 213, HmÀKss\kÀ 08þ06þ1997), It_Pv B³Uv In§vkv ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb ). Cu ZuÀ`mKyIcamb ]cmaÀiw KmÔn \S¯nbXv ]m¡nkvXm³ ImivaoÀ B{Ian¡pIbpw henb tXmXnð lnµp ¡sf Iq«s¡me \S¯pIbpw lnµp kv{XoIsf X«ns¡mïv t]mIpIbpw sNbvX thfbnemWv.

BZys¯ KmÔnb³ {]knUâv Bbncpó tUm. cmtP{µ {]kmZv , 1950 ð KmÔn ]okv ^utïj\nð kwkmcn¡th ]dªXv "" temIkam[m\¯n\v amXrIbmbn C³Uy AXnsâ ssk\ys¯ ]ncn¨v hnSWw Fómbncpóp.'' (seäÀ ss_ tUm. Achnµv Fkv tKmUvt_mse, HmÀKss\kÀ 27þ10þ1996)

KmÔnb³ k{_Zmbw A\pkcn¨v s\{lp, P½pþImivaoÀ B{Ian¨ ]mInkvXm\n ssk\ys¯ A`napJoIcn¡m³ hfsc sNdnb ssk\ys¯bmWv Ab¨Xv. C³UybpsS BZy {_ntKUnsâ Iamâdmb se^vä\âv P\dð sF.]n. sk³ 18


Znhks¯ {]bXv\w sImïv ]m¡nkvXm³ I¿S¡nb ImivaoÀ Xmgvhc apXð Dcn hscbpÅ tKm{X AXnÀ¯n Hgn¸n¡pIbpw apkm^d_mZnð \nópapÅ aptóäs¯ XSbpIbpw sNbvXp. At±l¯nsâ ""sÉ³UÀ B³Uv s{XUv'' Fó ]pkvXI¯nð ]dbpóp. "Uðlnbnð \nópw DÅ cm{ãob t\XrXz¯nsâ ]n´pWbnepw ZpÀ_es¸« ssk\ys¯ _es¸Sp¯m³ IqSp Xð ssk\ys¯ Ab¡póXnepw \ncmimP\Iamb XWp¸³ {]XnIcWamWv DïmbncpóXv"". se^vä\âv sP\dð sF.]n. sk³ At±l¯nsâ ]pkvXI¯nð ]dbpóp. \nÀ®mbIamb kµÀ`§fnð C³Uy³ ssk\y¯nsâ A\p]mXw ]m¡v ssk\y¯nsâ Bdnð Hómbncpóp. aäv kab§fnð aqónð Hón\v aosX Hcn¡epw Bbncpópanñ. Fóncpón«pw C³Uy³ ssk\y¯n\v ap³]nð ]m¡nkvXm³ Fó ]pXnb cmPy¯n\v Pbn¡phm³ Ignªnñ.'' (HmÀKss\kÀ, 19þ07þ1998, Imt_Pv B³Uv In§vkvþ ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb). s\{lp C³UybpsS {]Xntcm[s¯ Ipdn¨v ]cn]qÀ® hnkvarXnbnð Bbncpóp. Ft¸mÄ aäpÅhcmð AXns\¡pdn¨v HmÀ½n¸n¡s¸«pthm At¸mÄ ""BÀs¡XnscbpÅ {]Xntcm[w Fómbncpóp At± l¯nsâ adp]Sn. (Fw.Fw tIm¯mcnbbpsS HmÀKss\kdnse teJ\¯nð \nóv, 06þ12þ1998).

emð_lZqÀ imkv{Xnbpw sNbvXXv kam\amb ImcyamWv. \½psS hocòmcmb ssk\oIÀ càw \evIn ]m¡nkvXm\nð \nópw ]nSns¨Sp¯ P½pþ Imivaodnsâ `mKhpw, knÔv {]hiy bnepÅ lnµp `qcn]£ Pnñbmb X]À¡dpw 1965 ð XjvIÔn ð h¨v emð_lZqÀ imkv{Xn ]m¡nkvXm\v Xncn¨v \ðIpIbpw lrZbkvX`\¯mð AhnsS h¨v Xsó acn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. `ocphmb Cu a\pjys\ KmÔnb³ A\pbmbnIÄ càkm£n bm¡n. XjvIÔnð t]mIpóXn\v ap³]v At±lw acn¨ncpóp F¦nð \½psS ssk\oIcpsS Poh³ \ðIn ]nSns¨Sp¯ {]tZi§fpw {]bXv\hpw Hcn¡epw hyÀ°ambn t]mhpambncp ónñ. Cbmsft¸mse _p²nlo\\pw kmaÀ°yanñm¯h\pamb HcmÄ {][m\ a{´nbmbncpóXv \½psS ZuÀ`mKyw HópsImïv am{XamWv. CµncmKmÔnbpsS kzImcy D]tZãmhmb {ioaXn. cmPv X]À, emð _lZqÀ imkv{Xnsb ]än hfsc bmYmÀXy ambXpw Xmev]cyapWÀ¯póXpamb Hcp Nn{XamWv ]¦phbv¡p óXv. B kv{Xo ]dbpóp. " thymatk\bpsS B{IaW§sfbpw


t_mw_n§ns\bpw Ipdn¨v hnhcn¡m³ XpS§pt¼mÄ Xsó imkv{Xn \Sp§n hndbv¡pIbpw DS\Sn cm{Xnbnð Xsó ho«ntebv¡v ]mbpIbpw sNbvX IYIÄ Cµncm KmÔnbpsS am{´oI heb¯nð \nóp Xsó ]¦phbv¡s¸«XmWv. Cµncm KmÔn Xsóbmbncpóp C¯c¯nepÅ AdnhpIfpsS {][m\ DdhnShpw. ""hndbv¡pó Hcp FenbpsS Nn{Xw hc¡póXn\mbn AhÀ hfsc {]bXv\n¨ncpóp. AbmfpsS N«¡pSv hfsc sNdp XmbXn\mð AXn\v thïn AhÀ¡v A[nIw bXv\nt¡ïn hóncpónñ ''. (Imt_Pv B³Uv In§vkv ss_ hn.]n. _m«nb, HmÀKss\kÀ, 14þ12þ1997)

CXnt\mSv A\p_Ôn¨v Rm³ asämcp kw`hw ChnsS hnhcn¡m³ B{Kln¡póp. CXv Aw_me \ntbmPI aÞe ¯nse Fw.]n.bpw, lnamNð {]tZiv KhÀ®dpw Bbncpó tUm.kqcPv `m³ AhnSps¯ {]mtZioIamb Hcp t£{X¯nð h¨v Hcp hÀjw ap³]v hnhcn¨XmWv. P\kwL¯nsâbpw BÀ.Fkv.Fknsâbpw {]hÀ¯I³ Fó \nebnð At±lw 1965se bp²¯nð apdnthð¡s¸« ssk\oIsc kµÀin¡m\pw AhcpsS t£aw At\zjn¡m\pw AhÀ sNbvX al¯mb {]hÀ¯nsb A`n\µn¡m\pambn anenädn tlmkv]näð kµÀin ¡pIbpïmbn. Ipiemt\zjWw tNmZn¡th Xm³ hfsc kpJ ambncn¡póp Fóv I¼f¯nð aqSn¸pX¨ Hcp ssk\oI³ adp]Sn ]dªp. Xm¦Ä kpJambncn¡póp F¦nð F´mWv Bip]{Xnbnð X§póXv Fó tUm. kqcPv `msâ tNmZy¯n\v adp]Snbmbn ssk\oI³ I¼fw amän. At±l¯nsâ cïv ImepIfpw bp²¯nð \ãs¸«ncpóp. tUm. kqcPv `m³ At±l t¯mSv tNmZn¨p. F§ns\bmWv Xm¦Ä¡v kpJambncn¡póp Fóv ]dbm³ IgnbpóXv?. ssk\oI³ adp]Sn ]dªp; Ct¸mÄ R§fpsS \nb{´W¯nembncn¡pó emtlmÀþ knbmðtIm«v taJebnð bp²w sNbvXv sImïncn¡pt¼mgmWv F\n¡v Fsâ cïv ImepIfpw \ãs¸«Xv. AXn\mð Rm³ hfsc kt´mj hm\mWv. ImepIfpsS \ãw Fsó Ae«pótX Cñ.

emð _lZqÀ imkv{Xn bmsXmcp DS¼SnIfpw t\«hpw CñmsX B taJeIÄ ]m¡nkvXm\v ssIamdpt¼mÄ C¯c ¯nepÅ [occmb ssk\oIcpsS ITn\amb ZpxJw GsX¦nepw Hcph\v k¦ð¸n¡m³ Ignbptam?. C¯c¯nepÅ {][m\ a{´namcmWv ssk\y¯nsâ [mÀ½oIX \in¸n¡póXv.


CµncmKmÔnbpw H«pw hyXykvXbmbncpónñ. _w¥mtZin ð lo\amb Ipä§Ä sNbvX ({]tXyIn¨v lnµp¡Äs¡Xnsc) Hcp e£w hcpó ]m¡nkvXm\n bp²XShpImsc in£n¡msX hn«b¨p. _w¥mtZiv _wKmfn apÉo§Ä¡mbn \nÀtem`w hn«p sImSp¯p. Cóv AXv asämcp ]mInkvXm\mbn XoÀóncn¡póp. F´mWv Cµnc¡v Dïmb t\«w?. AXn\v ]Icw ]ôm_n apÉo §sfbpw _wKmfn apÉn§sfbpw ]ckv]cw t]mcSn¡m³ hnSpI bmbncpóp F¦nð \ap¡v t\«apïmtbs\. CXnsâ ZpJIcamb Xpw IgnhptISv \ndªXpamb asämcp hiw FóXv, Hcp e£w ]m¡nkvXm\n bp²¯ShpImsc shdpsX hn«b¨t¸mÄ ]Icw ]m¡nkvXm\nð Pbnenð Ignbpó C³Uy³ ssk\oIsc hn«bbv¡Wsaóv ]dbphm³ Cµnc sa\s¡«nñ. AhÀ Cópw ]m¡nkvXm\nse PbnepIÄ¡pÅnð \cI bmX\IÄ A\p`hn ¡póp.

CµncmKmÔnbpsS aI³ cmPohv KmÔn hnÍnXz¯nsâ Hcp ]ShpIqSn apónð Bbncpóp. C³Uy³ ]okv Io¸n§v t^mÀkv (IPKF) t\mSv kn³lfIfpsS XojvW hnthN\§Ä¡v CcIfmb lnµp Xangv hn`mKamb LTTE ¡msc B{Ian¡m³ D¯chn«p. {ioe¦bnse lnµp¡Ä C³Uy¡msc t]mse B«n³]ä§fmWv Fóv At±lw [cn¨ncn¡Ww. Fómð At±l¯n\v Ahsc \in¸n¡m³ Ignªnñ. AhÀ ]penIfmbn. 1000 ssk\oIcpsS acW¯n\v ImcWamb Cu hnISkmlk¯n\v cmPohv KmÔn am{XamWv D¯chmZn. bp²w aqew hfsctbsd ssk\oIÀ¡v apdnthð¡s¸«p. 100 tImSn cq]bpsS \ãamWv Khs×ân\v kw`hn¨Xv. lnµp¡fmb XangtcmSpÅ kn³lfm Khs×ânsâ \b¯nð hfsc hnimeX Cu bp²¯n\mð hóp. cmPohv KmÔntbmSpÅ {]XnImchpw Bß c£mÀ°hpw LTTE¡mÀ cmPohv KmÔnsb sImes¸Sp¯n.

Ahkm\ KmÔnb³ {][m\a{´nbmbncpó {io. sF.sI. KpPvdmð Hcp AÛpXPohn Bbncpóp. ]m¡nkvXm\n Xo{hhmZn ItfmsSm¸w tXmÄ tNÀóv hn{Klmcm[Icmb lnµp¡Ä¡v FXnsc PnlmZv \S¯nb A^vKm\nkvXm\nse Xmen_m\v At±lw hnam\§Ä \ndsb acpópIÄ hnXcWw sNbvXp. lnµp¡sf sImes¸Sp¯pI am{Xañ GXm\pw hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw A^vKm\nkvXm\nð


\nópw AhÀ ]pdw XÅnbncpóp. KmÔnbòmÀ ssZhs¯t¸m se ImWpIbpw Bib§tfmSv B`napJyw ]peÀ¯póXpamb _p² {]XnaIÄ apgph\mbpw A^vKm\nØm³ Xo{hhmZnIÄ XIÀ¯pIfªXnð bmsXmcp AÛpXhpanñ. F´v {]Xn^e amWv _p² hn{Kl§Ä \in¸n¡póXn\mbn KmÔnbpsSbpw s\{lphnsâbpw A\pbmbnIÄ Xmen_m\v \ðInbXv?. C¯c ¯nepÅ Zpjv]rhÀ¯nIfnð \nópw GsXmcph\pw Ffp¸ ¯nð KmÔn, s\{lp, AhcpsS A\pbmbnIÄ Fñmhcpw cmPyt{ZmlnIÄ Xsó Fóv A\pam\n¡mhpóXmWv.

A²ymbwþ8

KmÔnbpw KmÔnbcpw cmPy¯nsâ Gähpw henb i{Xp¡Ä

apÉnw ̀ cWIme¯v HudwKtk_v Bbncpóp C³Uybnse

Gähpw {Iqc\mb `cWm[nImcn. PnóbpsS A\pbmbnIÄ At±ls¯ ""HudwKtk_v cïma³'' FómWv hntijn¸n¨Xv. (Um¬, 26þ12þ1946 t]Pv 8, 27þ12þ1946 t]Pv 1, {ÌKnÄ Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³þ ss_ emð _lZqÀ t]Pv 260) lnµp¡tfmSv {Iqcòmcmbncn¡póhÀ BcmtWm AhcmWv \ñ `cWm[nImcn FómWv apÉn§Ä IW¡m¡nbncpóXv Fóv CXnð \nópw hyàamWv.

A¡me¯v (G{]nð 1947) ssht{kmbnbpsS P\dð No^v Bbncpó "sP\dð Ckvan' bpsS A`n{]mb¯nð Pnóbnð {]ISambncpó Hcp kz`mhw lnµp¡tfmSpÅ shdp¸v \ndª AhÚ Bbncpóp. apÉo§Ä¡v kaql¯nð IqsSPohn¡m³ km[n¡m¯ Xc¯nepÅ a\pjycnepw XmsgbpÅ PohnIfmWv lnµp¡Ä Fóv Pnó Hcp]s£ Nn´n¨ncpóncn¡Ww. (t]Pv 318, apl½Zv Aen Pnó B³Uv {Intbj³ Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³þ ss_ Fkv.sI. _mtµm]mZymb, sÌÀenwKv ]»ntjÀkv). KmÔnsb apÉn§fpsS i{Xphpw hôI\pambmWv Pnó IW ¡m¡nbncpóXv. KmÔn¡v C¡mcyw \ómbn Adnbmambncpóp.

apIfnepÅ hnhcW¯nð \nópw temI¯nse Gähpw {Iqcòmcmb aXkvXcpw lnµp¡fpsS Gähpw henb i{Xphpw apÉo§fmWv FóXv hyàamWv. ]s£ lnµp \matYbcmsW ¦nepw KmÔnsbbpw KmÔnbòmcpamWv IqSpXð A]ISIm cnIÄ. lnµp¡Ä Fñmbvt¸mgpw Ahcmð NXn¡s¸Spóp. Htc Hcp DZmlcWw aXn CXv sXfnbn¡m³.

G{]nð 1947 se BZyZnhkw almßKmÔn, \ne\nð¡pó kvXw`\mhØ XcWw sN¿póXn\v thïn Akm[mcWamb Hcp t]mwhgn aptóm«v h¨p. ssht{kmbn CS¡me Khs×âns\ ]n³hen¡Wsaópw kz´w Cã{]ImcapÅ AwK§sf h¨v Khs×âv cq]oIcn¡m³ Pnósb £Wn¡Ww Fópambncpóp


AXv. am{Xañ, tIm¬{Kkv Khs×ânsâ lrZbw \ndª ]n´pW PnóbpsS Khs×ân\v DïmIpw FópapÅ \nÝb ZmÀUyt¯msSbpÅ {]Xymi KmÔnPn ssht{kmbnbpambn ]¦v h¨p. (apl½Zv Aen Pnó B³Uv {Intbj³ Hm^v ]m¡nkvXm³, t]Pv 317) kwkvImcw \ndªXpw D¯chmZnXzw DÅXpamb {_n«njv Khs×âns\ A[nImcØm\¯v \nópw amäns¡mïv, ASn¨aÀ¯póhcpw {Iqcòmcpw Iem]ImcnIfpw \ndª cïmw HudwKtk_v (Pnó) \bn¡pó Khs×âns\ A[nImc¯nð GäpI Fó KmÔnbpsS \nÀt±iw F{Xbpw A]ISw \ndªXmbncpóp Fóv Nn´n¨mð \n§Ät¡hÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv. lnµp¡sf A]ISs¡Wnbnem¡pó Xc¯nepÅ Cu \nÀt±iw {]ISn¸n¡m³ F´v A[nImcamWv KmÔn¡v DïmbncpóXv?. KmÔnbpsSbpw A\pbmbnIfpsSbpw Ncn{Xw A¯c¯nð Im]Syhpw hô\bpw ]£]mXhpw \ndª {]hÀ¯nIfmð \nÀ`cnXambncpóp. temÀUv auïv _mä³ Xsâ kzImcy tcJIfnð KmÔnbpsS Cu \nÀt±is¯ "{`m´v' tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póp. \mw At±l¯nt\mSv CXn\v \µn]dbWw. (auïv _mä³ thÀkkv almß, ss_ sI.BÀ. F³. kzman, {Sn_yq¬ 22þ07þ2000)

"" \n§fpsS PohnXw lnµp PmXn¡v im]ambn¯oÀóncn ¡póp'' KmÔn¡v ]p{X³ cmwZmkv KmÔnbpsS imk\.

KmÔnbpsS ]p{X³ cmwZmkv KmÔn¡v Xsâ ]nXmhnsâ Zpjv{]hr¯nIfnð AS§m\mhm¯ AaÀjw Dïmbncpóp. At±lw KmÔnsb `mcX¯nsâbpw lnµp¡fpsSbpw im]ambm Wv IW¡m¡n CcpóXv. CXns\¸än kv]ãamb Hcp hni²o IcWamWv kapóX\mb apÉnw t\Xmhv Nu[cn JmenIv kkam³ At±l¯nsâ ""]m¯vth Sp ]m¡nkvXm³'' Fó ]pkvXI¯nsâ 404þmw t]Pnð \ðInbncn¡póXv. At±lw FgpXnbncn¡póp. "" 9 hÀj§Ä¡v tijw 1947 sk]vXw_dnð Rm³ KmÔnsb ImWpIbpïmbn. At±lw kulrZ]cambn Fsó BtÇjn¡pIbpw tijw R§Ä s]m¡w Ipdª At±l¯nsâ taibv¡v kao]ambn Ccn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tai¸pd¯v \nópw Hcp Fgp¯v FSp¯p Xón«v At±lw FtómSv AXv hmbn¡phm³ Bhiys¸«p. AXv At±l¯nsâ aI³ cmwZmkv KmÔn FgpXnbXmbncpóp. hr²\mb Xsâ


]nXmhns\ i]n¡phm³ C\n B I¯nð hm¡pIÄ HópwXsó an¨apïmbncpónñ. Npcp¡¯nð HähmIy¯nð ]dªmð KmÔnbpsS PohnXw lnµpPmXn¡v im]amWv FóXmbncpóp I¯nsâ kw£n]vXw. ]nXmhnsâ tað DÅ ]p{Xsâ hnImc t£m`w kzm`mhoIambpw Fsó kv]Àin¨p. Rm³ At±l t¯mSv tNmZn¨p. A§v F´mWv sN¿phm³ t]mIpóXv?. KmÔn ]dªp. Rm³ Fsâ PohnXw sImïv CXns\ {]Xntcm[n¡pw. C³UybpsS sXcphpIfnð apÉo§sf \pgªp Ibdm³ Rm³ A\phZn¡pIbnñ. AhÀ Bßm`nam\t¯msS \S¡Ww."" Cu sNdpkw`mjW¯n\v tijw KmÔn ]dªp. JmenIv \n§Ä Hcn¡ð ]dbpIbpïmbn ]t«ð Fsó FXnÀ¡m¯ Fsâ `yXys\t¸mse BWv Fóv. Fómð Cóv ]t«ð Fsâ `rXy \ñ.. Rm³ KmÔntbmSv ]dªp. F\n¡dnbmw ]t«ð Ct¸mÄ Xm¦fpsS `rXy\ñ Fómepw At±lw lnµp almk`bpsSbpw tIm¬{KÊnsâbpw {]Xn\n[nbpw Xm¦fpsS Hmtcm NphSpIfn epw {]Xn_Ôw Dïm¡póh\pw BWv.''

Hcp e£w lnµp kv{XoIsf X«ns¡mïv t]mIpIbpw Hcp aney¬ lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw Iq«s¡me sN¿pIbpw hÀKobamb AXnÀ hc¼pIfmð C³Uysb cïmbn hn`Pn¡p Ibpw sNbvX IdIfª apÉnw eoKv t\Xmhnt\mSv PohnXw apgph³ KmÔnbpsS A\pbmbnbpw Bbpkv A{Xbpw kzmX{´ kac¯n\mbv Nnehgn¨h\pamb ]t«ens\ ]änbpÅ Ipä§Ä ]dªp sImSp¡pó KmÔnsb \ap¡v ChnsS ImWmw. eÖmlo\\mb KmÔnbpsS {]hÀ¯nIÄ ]m¡nkvXm³ apÉnw eoKv GPâns\ t]msebpÅXmbncpóp. Fómð `qcn`mKw P\§Ä¡pw C¡mcyw AdnbpIbnñ. KmÔnb³ `cWIqShpw Fgp¯pImcpw \pWIÄ {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw Ip«nIsf sNdp¸ ¯nð apXð KmÔn kam[m\¯nsâ ZqX\pw, AlnwkmhmZn bpw, kzmX{´w t\Sn¯óh\pamWv XpS§nb Iñph¨ \pWIÄ ]Tn¸n¡pI am{Xta ChnsS \S¡pópÅp. kXyw Adnbm\pÅ AhImiw kzmX{´t¯msSm¸w ZuÀ`mKyhmòmcmb C³Uy¡m À¡v e`n¨nñ FóXv ZpJIcamb kXyambn Cópw Ahtijn ¡póp.


KmÔnbpw KmÔnkhpw C³Uy¡v \ðInb Zn\§fpw (15 BKkvXv,26 P\phcn) {XnhÀ®]XmI Fó A]am\hpw.

Fñm hÀjhpw BKkvXvþ 15 Dw P\phcnþ 26 Dw tZiotbm Õhambn BtLmjn¡pIbpw FñmbnS¯pw {XnhÀ®]XmI DbÀ¯pIbpw sN¿póXv \½psS AdnhnepÅ ImcyamWv. Fómð 15 BKkvXv 1947 ð C³Uy cïmbn hn`Pn¡s¸SpIbpw tijw henb tXmXnð lnµp¡sf ]m¡nkvXm\nð apÉo§Ä Iq«s¡me sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp FóXpw HmÀ¯ncnt¡ï ImcyamWv. lnµp¡Ä¡v Cópw kzmX{´w e`n¨n«nñ. Fómð KmÔnbpsS NXn aqeambn apÉo§Ä¡v kz´ambn amXrcmPyw (]m¡nkvXm³) e`n¡pIbpw hn`PnX C³UybnepÅ apÉo§Ä hfsctbsd kzmX{´w A\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿póp. kz´ambn amXrcmPyanñm¯ \ap¡v F´mWv C{X kt´mjn¡phm\p ÅXv?. kXy¯nð Cu Zn\§Ä; \mw lnµp¡sf kw_Ôn¨nS t¯mfw izmkw ap«pó Cu kmlNcy¯nð \nópw c£ t\Sm\pÅ D]mb§Ä BtemNn¡\pÅ Zn\§Ä am{XamWv.

`cWLS\m]cambn apÉo§Ä¡v ]m¡nkvXm³, lnµp¡Ä ¡v C³Uy Fó ASnØm\¯nð hn`Pn¨mWv {_n«njvImÀ cmPyw ssIamäw sNbvXXv. lnµp¡fpsS {]Xn\n[n BbmWv NXnb³ s\{lp AXv kzoIcn¨Xpw. Fómð 26 P\phcn 1950 lnµp¡fpsS amXrcmPyw [À½imebpw k{Xhpw Bb asämcp ZpJ Zn\amWv. \½psS kzImcy kz¯v Bsc¦nepw ]nSns¨Sp¯v s]mXpkz¯v B¡phm³ {ian¨mð \mw AXn\v FXnscbmbn tImSXnbnð tIkv \ðIpItbm Asñ¦nð Ahsâ Xe ASn¨v XIÀ¡pItbm sN¿pw. Hóv BtemNn¨v t\m¡q. 26 P\phcn eÖ IqSmsX Bßm`nam\t¯msS BtLmjn¡phm³ \n§ Ä¡v F§ns\ Ignbpóp?.

Ahkm\ambn, lnµpØmsâ NnÓambn DbÀ¯s¸Sm\n cpó Imhns¡mSn¡v ]IcamWv {XnhÀ® ]XmI. Imhn hÀ®w lnµp kwkvImc¯nsâbpw BNmc§fpsSbpw {]XoIamWv. Fómð {XnhÀ® ]XmIbnð aqónð Hcp Øm\w am{Xta Imhn \nd¯n\pÅq. _m¡n shfp¸v {InkvXym\n¡pw, ]¨ \ndw apÉo§Ä¡pw Bbn amän h¨ncn¡póp. C³Uybnse 2/3 hcpó t£{X§Ä \in¸n¨v ]ÅnIfpw tamkv¡pIfpw \nÀ½n¡pI bmsW¦nð \n§Ä F§ns\bmWv kt´mjhmòmcmbncn¡p


óXv? kXy¯nð Cu {XnhÀ® ]XmI lnµpXz¯ns\ A]am\n ¡m³ thïn am{Xw Dïm¡nbXmWv. ImcWw, Bbnc¡W¡n\v hÀj§fmbn `mcX¯nsâ ZzP§Ä Imhn hÀ®¯nepÅXv Bbncpóp.

KmÔn ssZhZqX³ Fóv \Sn¡póp. kz´w sXäpIÄ¡v hyàamb hni²oIcWw CñmsX

hcpt¼mÄ KmÔn, ssZh¯nð \nópw t\cn«v ktµi§Ä e`n¡pó ssZh ZqXs\t¸mse \Sn¨ncpóp. C¯c¯nepÅ IpSne X{´§fmWv KmÔn ]cnioen¨ncpóXv.

16þ01þ1948 se {]mÀ°\m {]kwK¯nð KmÔn ]dbpóp"" Hcn¡epw sXäp]äm¯h\pw, kÀÆià\pw, GIm[n]Xnbpamb ssZhhpw Fsâ Bßmhnsâ hgnIm«nbpw...''(Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 350). 29þ01þ1948ð hoïpw, _móphnð \nópapÅ \mð] tXmfw A`bmÀ°nIsf c£n¡m\mbn \ntbmKn¡s¸«h\mbn \Sn¡sh, AXnð Hcph³ BÝcys¸SpIbpw AhÀ XsóbmWv AhcpsS ZpxJ§Ä¡v ImcWsaópw X§sf D]{Zhn¡msX X\nsb hnSWsaópw AhÀ lnameb¯nte¡v aS§pIbmWv Fópw KmÔntbmSv ]dªp. Fómð KmÔn AbmtfmSv BcpsS £W¯memWv \n§Ä aS§m³ Dt±yin¡póXv Fóv tNmZn¨p. KmÔnbpsS `mjWw tI«v NneÀ Aklycmbn, NneÀ No¯hnfn bpsS At§bäw ISóp, NneÀ At±l¯nsâ {]bXv\s¯ hmgv¯n. Htc Hcp hgn At±ls¯ ssZhZqX\mbn IïpsImïv A\pKan¡pI FóXmbncpóp"" (Uðln Ubdn,t]Pv 389). bpànbpw, ImcWhpw tIÄ¡m³ {ian¡póXn\v ]Icambn ssZhs¯ ]än ]cmaÀin¨v KmÔn \nÊlmbcmb A`bmÀ°n Isf am\koIambn XfÀ¯n¡fªncpóp. 1948 P\phcnbnse \ncmlmcs¯ \ymboIcn¡m³ IgnbmsX hót¸mÄ KmÔn ]dªp.'' Cu \ncmlmckacw A\pjvTn¡phm\pÅ t{]cW ssZh¯nð \nómWv F\n¡v e`n¨Xv"" (Z {Sn_yq¬ 16þ01þ1948).

A²ymbwþ9

BßkvXpXnbnð can¡pIbpw cm{ã]nXmshóv \ymbnIcn¡m³

{ian¡póh\pamb KmÔn KmÔn kvXpXn ]mSIÀ At±ls¯ cmã]nXmhv Fóv

hmgv¯n. At±lw AXv \ymbnIcn¡m³ {ian¨p. temI¯nse Gähpw ]pcmX\amb cmPyhpw Zie£¡W¡n\v hÀj§fpsS kwkvImchpw ]mc_cyhpapÅ `mcX¯nð ASp¯nsS P\n¨ Hcphs\ cm{ã]nXmhv Fóv hnfn¡póXv, \½psS cmPys¯bpw C³UybpsS ]p{X³ Fó coXnbnð Hcn¡epw CW§m¯h\b B a\pjys\bpw Ahtlfn¡póXn\v XpeyamWv. kXy¯nð KmÔn C³Uybnð P\n¨p FóXv \½psS ZuÀ`mKyamWv.

1947 \hw_À 15 se {]mÀ°\m {]kwK¯nð KmÔn ]dªp." Fsó cm{ã]nXmhv Fóv hnfn¡póp F¦nð AXv, 1915 ð ku¯v B{^n¡bnð \nópw C³Uybnte¡v aS§n hótijw tIm¬{KÊns\ hmÀs¯Sp¡póXnepw AXv Cóv F´mbv XoÀóncn¡póp FóXnepw DÅ Fsâ henb ]¦nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv'(Uðln Ubdn, t]Pv 171). At±l¯nsâ Bß{]iwk¡v CXnepw henb DZmlcWw thsd Cñ Fóp am{Xañ CXv KmÔnbpsS Aev]¯cs¯ Nqïn¡m«pIbpw sN¿póp. cm{ã]nXmhv FópÅ Øm\w tIm¬{KÊnsâ Zm\w am{XamWv Fóncpómepw CXv cm{ã¯n\v Zpjvt]cpamWv. KmÔn `mcX¯nð P\n¨nñmbncpóp F¦nð kÀZmÀ ]t«ð Bhpambncpóp {]Ya {][m\a{´n. A§ns\ kw`hn¨ncpóp F¦nð Zie£¡W¡n\v lnµp¡Ä acn¡nñmbncpóp. hn`PnX C³Uybnð \nópw apÉn§sf ]qÀ®ambpw ]pdw XÅntbs\! A{]Imcw Xsó ]m¡nkvXm\nð \nópw lnµp¡sfbpw ]pdw XÅntbs\!. A§ns\ Cóv C³Uy ]ptcmKXn \ndªXpw iàhpamb cmPyambn XocpIbpw sN¿pambncpóp.


KmÔn ]m]hpw, Ipähpw A[À½hpw sN¿m³ ss[cyw ]Icpóp.

C³Uy³ PohnX¯nsâbpw kwkvImc¯nsâbpw BWn¡ ñmWv [À½w. [À½w Fóhm¡v hfsc hnimeambXpw Fñm ¯ns\bpw ]pðIpóXpw, hntijW§Ä Bhiyanñm¯Xpw X¯peyambn asämcp `mjbnepw Cñm¯XpamWv. [À½w \oXnt_m[hpw Bßob aqey§fpw tNÀóXmWv. k\mX\hpw {]m]ôoIhpamWv. a\p [À½¯nsâ e£W§Ä a\pkvarXn bnð Nqïn¡m«póp.

AXv ss[cyhpw, £abpw, a\Êpd¸pw, kXykÔXbpw, _Ô§fnð DÅ ]hn{XXbpw, C{µob\nb{´Whpw, hnthI hpw, Adnhpw, Ifhv sN¿mXncn¡epw, tIm]s¯ \nb{ń¡epw Fñmw BWv. Cu e£W§Ä Hcp hyànsb amXrIm hyànXzam¡n XoÀ¡póp. AXpt]mse ]pcmX\amb Bßob {KÙamb "]XÚen tbmK ZÀi\w' Bßob PohnX¯n\v thï Aôv ba§fpw Aôv \nba§fpw Nqïn¡m«póp. Ch Alnwk (A{Ia cmlnXyw), kXyw, AkvtXyb (Ifhv sN¿mXn cn¡pI), {_ÒNmcy, A]cn{Kl (aäpÅhcpsS km[\§Ä B{Kln¡mXncn¡pI), iuNy (a\Ênsâbpw Bßmhnsâbpw ip²n), kt´mjw, X]w, kzm²ymbw (Bßobamb DóXn¡v thïnbpÅ BćoI {Iob), Cuizc{]nWn[m³ (Cuizc kaÀ ¸Ww). Cu Fñm e£W§fpw Hcp hyànsb ]qÀ®\m¡pw. CXmWv lnµp[À½¯nsâ ASnØm\ [À½w Fóv hnfn¡s¸ SpóXv.

Fómð KmÔn, CÉmaoI aX¯nepÅXmb {Iqchpw ]m]w \ndªXpamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ [À½¯nsâ AtX \pI¯nð sI«nbnSm³ t\m¡n. KmÔnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw lnµp, {InkvXy³, CÉmw XpS§nb aX§Ä Fñmw tam£¯nsâ hyXykvX amÀ¤§Ä Bbncpóp. ]ip¡sfbpw aäv arK§sf bpw Iim¸v sN¿phm³ ({]tXyIn¨v tamkvIn\pÅnð) ]Tn¸n ¡póXv ]pWyambn AhÀ IcpXpóp. tKm¡sf Iim¸v sN¿pó Xnð GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ XSÊ§Ä sImïv hómð DS\Sn apgph³ apÉn§fpw X§Ä A]IS¯nemWv Fóv Htc kzc¯nð ]dbpw. Jpdm\nepw apl½Znepw hnizmkw Cñm¯ hsc ImôÀ Fópw C³^nUð (hn{Klmcm[I³, kXy¯nð


hn{Kls¯ Bcpw ]qPn¡pónñ AXnsâ DÅnð Cuizc ssNX\ys¯ ZÀin¡m³ {ian¡pIbmWv sN¿póXv. AXmbXv B hn{Klw \ins¨óv IcpXn Cuizc³ CñmXmbn Fóv IcpXpónñ ]Icw ASp¯Xv hbv¡póp. Cu {]hr¯nbnð \nóp Xsó hn{Kls¯ Añ ssZhw Fóv IcpXpóXv FóXv hyàamWv.) Fópw hnfn¨v A]am\n¡pIbpw ]cnlkn¡pI bpw Ahsc sImñpIbpw, sImÅbSn¡pIbpw, AhcpsS kv{Xo Isfbpw s]¬Ip«nIsfbpw ssewKoI ASnaIfm¡pIbpw, ASna¨´bnð hnð¡pIbpw _e]cambn aX]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿pIbpw sN¿póp. Cu {]hÀ¯nIsf PnlmZv AYh hnip² bp²w Fóv hnfn¡pIbpw kzÀ¤¯ntebv¡v DÅ Ffp¸ hgnbmbn CXns\ ImW¡m¡pIbpw sN¿póp. Htc kabw \mev kv{XoIsf `mcybm¡n hbv¡pIbpw IqSmsX ASnaIsf s]mdp¸n¡pIbpw, Xem¡vþ Xem¡v Fóv hm¡v aqóv {]hiyw sNmñnbmð hnhml_Ôw thÀs]Spw Fóv ]cnKWn¡póXqw CÉmanð {]m[m\yw AÀln¡pó hkvXpXIfmWv. icob¯v \nba§Äs¡Xncmbn GsX¦nepw \nba§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯nbmð DS\Sn CÉmansâ t]cnð Ah apÉn§Ä FXnÀ¡pw.

KmÔnbpsS A`n{]mb¯nð Fñm apÉo§fpw {]tXyIn¨v ]pcpjòmÀ Cu {]hÀ¯nIÄ A\pjvTn¡póXv hgn (AhcpsS aX{KÙw A\pimkn¡póXv) XoÀ¨bmbpw kzÀ¤w e`n¡pw. AXpsImïv XsóbmWv KmÔnb³ `cWIqSw apÉnw ]pcpj òmÀ¡v CXn\pthïn {]tXyIw kuIcy§Ä sNbvXpsImSp ¯Xv. GsX¦nepw cm{ãob ]mÀ«nIÄ Cu \nba§fnð amäw hcp¯m³ {ian¨mð AhÀ KmÔnbòmcpsSbpw tIm¬{KÊp ImcpsSbpw (\njv^e KmÔnbÀ) i{Xp¡fpw apÉnw hncp²cpw lnµp hÀ¤nb hmZnIfpw Bbn¯ocpóp. AXpsImïv Xsó bmWv _n.sP.]n AS¡apÅ tZiobX ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ cm{ãob ]mÀ«nIsf KmÔnbcpw apÉnw hÀ¤nb hmZnIfpw ]ñpw \Jhpw D]tbmKn¨v FXnÀ¡póXpw hÀ¤nbhmZnIfmbn ap{Z Ip¯n temIw apgph³ {]NcWw \S¯m³ {ian¡póXpw. Ccp Znibnð kam´cambn kôcn¡pó BfpIÄ Hcn¡epw Htc e£y¯nð F¯pIbnñ. Htc e£y¯nð F¯pw FóXv km[mcW hyàn t]mepw hnizkn¡pIbnñ. ]s£ KmÔn hnizkn¨p. CXnð \nópw KmÔn F{Xbpw bpànclnX\pw t_m[anñm¯h\pamWv FóXv hyàamWv.


lnµp¡sf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw \mw hnX¨Xv \ñXmsW ¦nepw No¯bmsW¦nepw AXnsâ ^ew Cu Pò¯nð Asñ¦nð ASp¯ Pò¯nð \mw Xsó A\p`hnt¡ïnhcpw FóXv kmam\yt_m[apÅhÀ Fñmhcpw AwKoIcn¡póp. Hcp PohnItfmSpw {IqcX ]mSnñ. kz´w `mcysb Hgn¨v _m¡n Fñm kv{XoIsfbpw amXmhmbn ImWpI. ssZhamWv Fñ¯nsâbpw, Fñm ktlmZco ktlmZcòmcpsSbpw amXmhpw ]nXmhpw. lnµp [À½w C¸dª KpW§fmð k¼pãambXn\mð, lnµp¡Ä kwkvImc k¼ócpw, klnjvWpXbpÅhcpw, i{Xp¡tfmSv AS¡w FñmhtcmSpw Zbm\pI¼bpÅhcpw Bbncn¡póp. Fómð CXn\v hn]coXambn CÉmw AS¡apÅ aX§Ä CXc aXhnizmknIsf shdp¡phm\pÅ aX{]`mjW§Ä \S¯póp.

1947 BKkvXv 14,15 AÀ²cm{XnIÄ; KmÔnbpsS PhlÀ aZy¯nð ap§n¯mW cm{XnIÄ

1947 BKkvXv 14þ15 XobXnIfnð ]m¡nkvXm\nð lnµp¡ sfbpw knJvImscbpw apÉo§Ä Iq«s¡me \S¯póXv AXn sâ aqÀ²\y¯nð \nð¡pt¼mÄ KmÔnbpsS "cXv\w' PhlÀ emð s\{lphpw, JZÀ [mcnIfmb aäv {]apJcpw, KmÔns¯m¸n [cn¨ KmÔnb³ A\pbmbnIfpw aZy¯nð ap§n¯mgpIbm bncpóp. {io. cLpth{µ X³hmÀ At±l¯nsâ teJ\¯nð ""Z emÌv tU Hm^v Z cmPv '',ktï doUn§v, {Sn_yq¬, 29þ06þ1997 Ipdn¨ncn¡póp. '' 1947 Ppsse 28 se ssht{kmbn Ìm^v aoänwKv thfbnð ckIcamb Hcp kw`hw \Sóp. BKkvXv 14þ15 XobXnIfnð ssht{kmbn AÀ²cm{Xn hsc XpScpó kð¡mc hpw XpSÀóv A¯mghncpópw kwLSn¸n¡m³ \nÀt±iw \ðIn bncpóp. At±lw ""cmPmhnsâ BtcmKy¯n\v'' s\{lphnt\mSv aZy]n¨v BtLmjn¡m³ \nÀt±in¨p. s\{lp AXphsc aZy]n ¨ncpónñ. (Aós¯ aäv tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡sft¸mse)s\{lp AÀ²cm{Xn 2:00 a.m apXð aZy]n¡m³ XpS§n. s\{lphns\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw cmPmhn\v thïn aZy]n¡póXv henb Imcyambncpóp. s\{lphnt\msSm¸w aäv tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm ¡fpw aZy]n¨v Ipgªp adnbpóXv temUv auïv _mä³ Iïv t_m[ys¸«p. AhÀs¡ñmw AXv hfsc henb Imcyw Xsó Bbncpóp. eÖmIcamb Cu {]hÀ¯n auïv _mä³ Hcn¡epw {]Xo£n¨ncpónñ.


lnµp¡Ä DóXambn IcpXpó Fñm Imcy§sf Ipdn¨pw ( aZy]m\w hÀÖn¡pI, Alnwk, A{IacmlnXyw, {_ÒNcyw, cmacmPyw, tKmc£, KoX, k\mX\ [À½w XpS§nbh) KmÔn km[mcWbmbn {]`mjWw \S¯pambncpóp. s\{lphn\v bmsXmcp hn[¯nepapÅ kmòmÀKoI t_m[hpw, aqeyhpw Cñmbncpóp Fóv KmÔn¡v \tó Adnbmambncpóp. s\{lp aZymkà\mWópw, amwkw Ign¡pambncpóp Fópw, \ncoizc hmZn Bbncpóp Fópw, cma cmPys¯ ]pÑn¨ncpóh\mbncpóp Fópw KmÔn¡v Adnbmambncpóp. cmPy¯nsâ `cWLS\ bpsS I®n Fó \nebnð CXnð \nópw ]n³amdWw Fóv kÀZmÀ ]t«ð At±lt¯mSv Bhiys¸«ncpóp. ]s£ CXnsâ Fñmw A\ć êw Fóh®w s\{lp Xsâ AkmòmÀKoIX kaql¯nð t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbmWv DïmbXv. PohnX¯nð Fń\v thïnbmtWm s\{lp Pohn¨ncpóXv, F´mbncptóm At±l¯nsâ kzImcy PohnXw, CXnsâ ]qÀ®amb im]w KmÔn¡v AhImis¸«XmWv. Ipd¨pIqSn hyàambn ]dªmð KmÔnbmWv C³Uym Ncn{X¯nsâ \nÀ®mbIamb thfbnð `cW¯nsâ \nb{´Ww sXämb Hcp hyànsb Gð¸n¡m³ P\§sf I_fn¸n¨v \n_ÔnXcm¡nbXv.

A²ymbwþ10

KmÔnbpsS efnX PohnXw Fó X«n¸v KmÔn ]mhs¸« sXmgnemfnsb t]msebpw, AÀ²\á\pw

Zcn{Z\pamb IÀjIs\t¸msebpw thjhn[m\w sN¿pIbpw efnXPohnXs¯ ]än {]kwKn¡pIbpw ]Xnhmbncpóp. Fómð ]pdta DÅ KmÔnbpsS emfnXyw hfsc NnethdnbXmbncpóp. KmÔnsb Zcn{Z\m¡n hbv¡m³ C³Uy¡v h¼n¨ km¼¯oI _m²yXbmWv hcpóXv Fóv Hcn¡ð ktcmPn\n \mbnUp Nqïn¡m«n. (ktï ssSwkv,16þ1997, t]Pv18)

]m{SnIv {^ôv FgpXnb ""ens_À«n HmÀ sU¯v; C³Uymkv tPWn Sp C³Uns]³U³kv B³Uv Unhnj³'' Fó {KÙ ¯nsâ Z {Sn_yqWnð, 7þ09þ1997 hó \ncq]W¯nð C{]Imcw FgpXnbncn¡póp.""At±lw (KmÔn) C³Uy³ {KmaoW IÀjI s\t¸mse Pohn¡m³ B{Kln¨p (]s£ Irjn sN¿m³ X¿mdm bncpónñ). FhnsS Fñmw At±lw kµÀin¡pópthm, AhnsS Huj[kky§fpw, ip²amb (DWÀÆpÅ) ]¨¡dnIfpw B«n³ Ip«nIsfbpw Hcp¡Wambncpóp. sI«nSw Npcïn shÅ]qip Ibpw {]tXyI Xc¯nð Ae¦cn¡pIbpw \nÀ_Ôambncpóp. {]IrXn NnIÕm Fó t]cnð Ifna®v XWp¸n¨v At±l¯n sâ hbdn\v tað ]pc«Wambncpóp. h³ ]cnhmc§fpw injy KW§fpw Hón¨mWv AbmÄ bm{X sNbvXncpóXv. Ahcnð ]ecpw {]ikvXÀ Fó Al¦mchpw AXpsImïpïmIpó amS¼n¯chpw \m«pImtcmSv Im«nbncpóp. Fón«pw KmÔn ho¼n f¡nbncpóXv Xm³ bmsXmcp hn[¯nepapÅ {]tXyI ]cnNc Whpw Cãs¸Spónñ FómWv.

At±l¯nsâ {]XntbmKnbmbncpó apl½Zv Aen Pnó Nqïn¡m«póXv ""Rm³ KmÔntb¡mÄ hfsc Ipdª h«w am{Xta Hómw ¢mÊv Sn¡änð s{Sbn\nð bm{X sNbvXn«pÅp, ImcWw F\n¡v Sn¡äv FSp¡phm³ Rm³ Xsó ]Ww apS¡Wambncpóp''.

KmÔnbpsS Cu {]hWXIsf ]än FgpXm³ Bsc¦nepw Xp\nªmð Ahsc KmÔn \nµIcmbn KmÔnb³ kvXpXn ]mSIÀ IW¡m¡pIbpw h³ tImemle§Ä Dïm¡pIbpw


sN¿pambncpóp. ]s£ Cw¥ojv Fgp¯pImÀ¡v A¯c¯n epÅ Hcp `bhpw Dïmbncpónñ. AXn\mð AhÀ KmÔnbpsS I]SapJ¯nsâ bYmÀ° Nn{Xw Xpdóp Im«n.

temI¯nsâbpw UNO bpsSbpw I®nð C³Uysbbpw lnµphns\bpw XcwXmgv¯nb KmÔn.

1948 P\phcnbnð KmÔn A\pjvTn¨ acWw hscbpÅ \ncmlmckac¯nsâ Fñm \n_Ô\Ifpw Nqïn¡m«póXv lnµpIfpw knJvImcpw apÉo§tfmSv {IqcXbpw A\oXnbpw sN¿póp FóXc¯nð DÅh Bbncpóp. AXnt\mSpÅ {]Xnt£[w Fó \nebnð lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw Fñmbn t¸mgpw At±l¯mð At±l¯nsâ {]mÀ°\m {]kwK§fnð imkn¡s¸SpI¿pw Ipäs¸Sp¯epIÄ¡v CcbmIs¸SpIbpw sN¿s¸«ncpóp. Fómð Hcn¡ð t]mepw F{Xhenb Ipäam bmepw, apÉn§Ä lnµp¡Ä¡pw knJvImÀ¡pw FXnsc sN¿pó Hcp kw`hhpw kzbw Nqïn¡m«³ t]mepw KmÔn X¿mdbncpónñ. kXy¯nð Iq«s¡meIÄ Bkq{XWw sN¿póXpw sImeIÄ¡v XpS¡w Ipdn¡póXpw apÉo§Ä Bbncpóp. hfsc Xmakn¨pam{XamWv AXnsâ {]XnIcW§Ä lnµp¡fpsS `mK¯v \nópw Bcw`n¨ncpóXv.

bp.F³.H bpsS ]m¡nkvXm³ {]Xn\n[nbmb {io. k^dpÅmJm³, bp.F³.H bnse kt½f\¯nð aqóv aWn¡q À {]kwKw \S¯pIbpw AXn\nSbnð ]cmaÀin¨psImïv C{]Imcw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. ""apÉnw P\kwJy an¡hmdpw kwØm\§fnð \nópw XpS¨v amäs¸«ncn¡póp.'' cq£ambn ]cnlmkn¨p sImïv CuÌv ]ôm_nsâ t]À FSp¯v hnaÀin¡póp."" £an¡Ww, CuÌv ]ôm_nð Hópanñ. Cóv Ime¯v Rm³ AdnªXv AhnsS cïv apÉn§fmWv BsI DÅXv FómWv''. ({Sn_yq¬ 18þ01þ1948)

]m¡nkvXm\nð F´mWv ]dbphm\pÅXv?. C³Uybnð Xsó sslZcm_mZnð hn]peamb lnµp `qcn]£s¯ apÉnw t\Xmhv \nkmw `cn¨ncpót¸mÄ, \hw_À 25 apXð Unkw_À 15 hscbpÅ ImeL«¯nð apÉn§Ä 3000 lnµp `h\§Ä Aán¡ncbm¡pIbpw, 260 lnµp kv{XoIsf X«ns¡mïv t]mIp Ibpw, _emÕwKw sN¿pIbpw, 600 lnµp¡sf sImñpIbpw, 30 e£w hneaXn¡pó (A¡me¯v 30 e£w henb XpIbmWv)


AhcpsS hkvXphIIfpw kw_mZyhpw sImÅbSn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. (Z {Sn_yq¬ 18þ01þ1948)

Fóncpómepw, C³UybpsS {]Xn\n[n {io. A¿¦mÀ apÉo§fpsS X\ncq]w Xpdóv Im«s¸Spw FóXn\mð ̀ bw aqew kXy§Ä hnfn¨v ]dbm³ ss[cys¸«nñ. apÉo§fmWv Iq« s¡meIÄ¡v XpS¡w Ipdn¡póXv Fópw, ]m¡nkvXm\nse sImÅbpw X«ns¡mïv t]mIepIfpw X«n¨v t\m¡pt¼mÄ C³Uybnse {]XnIcW§Ä hfsc sNdpXpw Xmakn¨pÅXp amWópw ]dbphm³ At±l¯n\v IgnbmsX t]mbn. Fóp am{Xañ KmÔnbpsS \ncmlmc kacw aqew ]m¡nkvXm\nse apgph³ lnµpP\kwJybpw \mamhtijambn. lnµp¡Ä¡pw knJvImÀ¡pw ]m¡nkvXm³ apÉo§fmð Dïmb AhØbv¡v KmÔnbpw C³Uy³ `cWIqS¯nsâ t\XrØm\¯ncpó s\{lphpw ]cn]qÀ® D¯chmZnIfpw I®S¨ncp«¡nbXnsâ ^ehpamWv.

KmÔnbpsS 15þ01þ1948 se {]mÀ°\m {]kwKw A\pkcn ¨pw, Uðln UbdnbpsS t]Pv 344 hnhcWw A\pkcn¨pw C{]Imcw kqNn¸n¨ncn¡póp. ""\n§fpsS \ncmlmc kacw bpssWäUv t\j³ Iu¬knensâ kt½f\ Znhkw sshIp tócw \S¯s¸Spw Fóv ]dbpóp. \n§fpsS \ncmlmc§Ä Fópw asäñm kw`h§fpw ad¨nt« DÅq. C³Uybnð apÉnw P\PohnXw Akm²yam¡nb lnµp A\pbmbnIÄ¡v kZv_p²n Dïmhphm³ almß KmÔn \ncmlmcw XpS§póp FópÅXvv ]m¡nkvXm³ {]Xn\n[nIÄ kµÀt`mPnXambn D]tbmKn¨nñ F¦nð AhcpsS kðt]cn\v bmsXmcp hnebpapïmIm³ t]mIpónñ. \n§fpsS \ncmlmcw ssZÀ`mKyIcamb ^eamWv Dïm¡m³ t]mIpóXv FóWv bpssWäUv t\jsâ ImgvN¸mSnð a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbpóXv.''

CXn\v KmÔnbpsS adp]Snþ ]m¡nkvXm\nepw C³Uybnepw hkn¡pó FñmhÀ¡pw kZv_p²n DïmIphm³ AÀ°am¡pó Hcp \ncmlmc kac¯n\v, AXnsâ Dt±yis¯ hfs¨mSn¡m³ ]pd¯v \nópw hó BÀ¡pw IgnbpIbnñ. Cu adp]Sn, KmÔn \pW]dbpóXnð kaÀ°\pw kXy§Ä hfs¨mSn¡póXnð A{KKWy\pw BWóv sXfnbn¡s¸Spó asämcp DZmlcWw am{XamWv. bYmÀXy¯nð \ncmlmcw Ahkm\n¸n¡phm\pÅ DS¼SnIÄ ap³t] KmÔn aptóm«v h¨ncpóp. AXv C³Uybnð


hkn¡pó lnµp¡sfbpw knJvImscbpw am{Xw kw_Ôn¨Xm bncpóp. AñmsX Hcn¡epw C³Uybnepw ]m¡nkvXm\nepw hkn¡pó Fñm lnµp, apÉnw, knJv, {InkvXy³ P\Xsb Dt±yin¨pÅXmbncpónñ.

Pnó ]m¡nkvXm³ KhÀ®À P\dð Fó \nebnð Xsó ImWqhm³ KmÔnsb A\phZn¨nñ.

Pnóbpambn CSs¸Spt¼mÄ Fñmw KmÔn kzbw Hcp bmNIs\t¸mse XcwXmgvXs¸«ncpóp. At±lw Fópw apÉo §sfbpw Pnósbbpw `bs¸«ncpóp. Ahcnð \nópw Ft¸mgpw A]am\Icamb s]cpamäamWv At±l¯n\v e`n¨ncpóXv. apÉo§Ä lnµp¡Ä¡v tað sN¿pó {IqcXIÄ a\¸qÀÆw ad¨v h¨v Ahsc {]oXns¸Sp¯m³ At±lw {ian¨ncpóp. lnµp ¡Ä {]mWc£bv¡pw sNdp¯v \nð¸n\pw thïn sN¿pó sNdnb Imcy§Ä¡v hsc KmÔn lnµp¡sf Ipäs¸Sp¯n bncpóp. ]m¡nkvXm\nse C³Uy³ I½njWÀ an. {io{]Imi At±l¯nsâ ""]m¡nkvXm³ _À¯v B³Uv FÀfn tUbvkv'' Fó {KÙ¯nð 104 apXð 109 hscbpÅ t]PpIfnð C{]Imcw FgpXnbncn¡póp.

"" Pnósb ImWWw Fó KmÔnPnbpsS ktµihpambn Idm¨nbntebv¡v hó cïv ]mÀkn kplr¯p¡fpsS kµÀi\w Rm³ HmÀ¡póp. Rm³ HmÀ¡póXv A\pkcn¨v Cu kplr¯p ¡Ä¡v Pnósb ImWm³ Ignªncpónñ. Pnó hfsc Ipd¨v BfpIÄ¡v am{Xta apJw sImSp¯ncpópÅp. Fópam{Xañ BÀ¡mbmepw Pnósb ImWpI FóXv A{X Ffp¸apÅ Imcyambncpónñ. (Cu hcnIfnð KmÔnb\pw KmÔnsb cm{ã ]nXmhv Fó \nebnð ImWpóh\pamb {io{]Imi F{X at\mlcambmWv PnóbpsS [n¡mc]camb s]cpamäs¯ adbv¨v ]nSnbv¡phm³ {ian¡póXv Fóv ImWmhpóXmWv). Cu kplr¯p¡Ä hoïpw ]eh«w Fsó ImWpIbpw NpaXe s¸«hÀ Fó \nebnð FtómSv "Pnó KmÔnPnsb ImWm³ X¿msdSp¸v \S¯nbn«nñ Fópw, Fómð KmÔnPn C³UybpsS KhÀ®À P\dð Bbncpóp F¦nð Ffp¸¯nð ImWm³ km[n¡pambncpóp Fópw At±ls¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw B{Kln¨mð kzmbàam¡m³ Ignbpó Øm\w am{XamWv AXv Fópw'']dªp. Pnósb A\p\bn¸n¡m³ {ian¨p sImïv


Cu kplr¯p¡Ä Idm¨nbnð Xsó X§n. KmÔnPnbpsS acW hmÀ¯ F¯nbt¸mÄ \ncmicpw ZpJnXcpabn lrZb`mcw t]dns¡mïv AhÀ hoSpIfntebv¡v Xncn¨p.

IqSmsX {ioam³. {io{]Imi \nco£n¡póp, ""hn`P\ kab¯S¡w apÉnw {]oW\mb KmÔntbmSpÅ C³Uy³ lnµp¡fpsS kao]\w acWthfbnð F{]Imcambncn¡pw FóXv PnÚmks¸Sp¯póXmbncpóp. apÉo§fpsS bmX\ IfmWv lnµp¡fpsS bmX\Itf¡mÄ KmÔnsb kv]Àin¨Xv Fóv AhÀ IcpXn.. 13 Znhks¯ ZpxJmNcWw C³Uybnð {]Jym]n¨t¸mÄ KmÔnbpsS {]XntbmKn Pnó Hcp ]qs¨ïv AÀ¸n¡phm³ NpaXes¸Sp¯phm³ Fsó hnfn¨p. GXv kmlNcyambncpómepw At±l¯nsâ ap³ amXrcmPyw AKm[ ZpJ¯nð Bïncn¡pt¼mÄ ]m¡nkvXm³ KhÀ®À P\dð Xsóbmbncpóp ]qs¨ïv kaÀ¸nt¡ïnbncpóXv. Fómð At±l¯nsâ Cu s]cpamäw Fónð AXr]vXn Dfhm¡n. ZpJmNcW¯nð BbXn\mð X\n¡v hcphm³ km[n¡nñ Fóv ]dªv Rm³ XSnX¸n. KmÔnPnbpsS ZmcpWacW¯n\v tijw A[nIw XmaknbmsX \Só ]m¡nkvXm³ Akw»n kt½f\¯nð \Só KmÔnsb¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀiw Rm³ HmÀ¡póp. Rm³ Kymednbnð Ccn¡pópïmbncpóp. {][m\ a{´n \hm_v kmZm enbm¡¯v Aen Jm³, knÔnsâ apJya{´n {io.Jpt{km , aäv kv]o¡ÀamÀ Fñmhcpw Xsó KmÔnsb ""almß'' Fóv A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXpsImïv Xnf¡amÀó IrXÚX tcJs¸Sp¯n. Ahkm\w {ioam³. PnóbpsS A²y£ {]kwKw Bbncpóp. hfsc Ipd¨v hm¡pIÄ am{Xta At±lw ]ndp]ndp¯pÅp. AXnð At±lw KmÔnbpsS t]À ]dªtX Cñ. KmÔnPnsb almß Fóv hnfn¡m³ At±lw Cãs¸Spónñ Fóv F\n¡v tXmón. At±l¯nsâ `cWIqS¯nse kl{]hÀ¯IÀ almXa Fóv A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXt¸mgpw F´v kwÚbmWv KmÔnPn¡v \ðIm³ t]mIpóXv Fóv Adnbnñmbncpóp. AXpsImïv Xsó Pnó KmÔnPnsb At±lw Fóv A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp. At±lw At±l¯nsâ kapZmbs¯ \ñh®w tkhn¨p Fóv Pnó ]dªp. Rm³ Pnó, C³UybpsS KhÀ®À P\dens\ Cu thfbnð Xsâbpw `cWIqS¯nsâbpw ZpJw


Adnbn¨p sImÅpóp. PnóbpsS sk{I«dnbpsS Ht¸msS auïv _mä\v Ab¨ I¯v Rm³ Cópw adón«nñ.''

t]Pv 179 ð an. {io{]Imi XpScpóp."" Ipd¨v hÀj§Ä¡v ap³]v Idm¨nbnse lnµp hym]mcnIÄ Øm]n¨ KmÔnPnbpsS {]Xnabnð ]pjv]mÀ¨\ \S¯phm³ 1949 P\phcn 30 \v Rm³ ]m¡nkvXm³ Khs×ân\v Is¯gpXn. AXn\v adp]Snbmbn ; "" R§fpsS aX¯n\v FXncmbmXn\mð s]mXpØe¯v h¨pÅ Hcp ]qPbv¡pw A\paXn \ðIm³ Ignbnñ.'' Fó I¯v F\n¡v adp]Snbmbn e`n¨p.

apIfnð ]dªn«pÅ Imcy§fnð \nópw \ap¡v Nne A\pam\§fnð F¯nt¨cmhpóXmWv.

Hóv: lnµp¡fpsS XojvWamb FXn¸ns\ AhKWn¨v apÉn§Ä¡v thïn Xm³ \ncmlmcw A\pjvTn¨p. BbXn\mð Rm³ apÉn§fpsS kplr¯mWv Fóv Pnósbs¡mïv ]dbn¡phm³ KmÔn B{Kln¨p. AXn\mð Idm¨nbnð sNóv Pnósb ImWphm³ kuIcyw Hcp¡m³ ]cnNmcIsc \nban¨p.

cïv: lnµp¡Ä, {]tXyIn¨v ]m¡nkvXm\nð Xmakn¨ncp óhÀ, apÉn§fpsS B{IaW§Ä¡v Ccbmbhcpw KmÔnbòm cmð AhKWn¡s¸«hcpw klmbw \nt£[n¡s¸«hcpw BWv. BbXn\mð ]m¡nkvXm\nð Ahtijn¡s¸«ncpó lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw KmÔn, Pnó Fóo cïv IñpIÄ¡v CSbnð NXªcªv acn¡s¸«p.

aqóv: Hcp aney¬ lnµp¡fpsSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw acW ¯n\v ImcW¡mc\mbn AhcpsS arXtZl¯nð Nhn«n\nóv Idm¨nbnð Pnóbv¡v IogS§phm³ B{Kln¡póXv KmÔn kzbw XcwXmgpóXn\v Xpeyhpw Cu {]hr¯n At§Aäw eÖmIchpamWv. Fóncpón«pw At¸mgpw Pnó, KmÔnsb ]cnKWn¡póXv A[a\mbn«v XsóbmWv. At±lw KmÔnsb almß Fóv hnfn¡phm³ tbmKyXbnñm¯h\mWv Fóv IcpXpóp. am{Xañ At±ls¯ ImWphm\pÅ Ahkcw \nt£[n¡pIbpw sN¿póp. PohnXIme¯v sNbvXpIq«nb kIe ]m]§Ä¡pw KmÔn A\h[n Pò§Ä \cIbmX\IÄ A\p`hnt¡ïnhcpw. Hcp a\pjy³ Xsâ kapZmb¯ns\bpw A\pbmbnIsfbpw NXn¨p F¦nð XoÀ¨bmbpw Xsâ i{Xp hns\bpw NXn¡pw FóXv Dd¸pÅ ImcyamWv. Cu am\ZÞw XsóbmWv Pnósb KmÔnbnð \nópw AIäpóXv. AXn\mð


Xsó Pnó hfsc hnthIimenbpw kz´w kapZmbt¯mSv BßmÀ°XbpÅh\pw BWv Fóv \ap¡v hyàamWv.

A²ymbwþ11

KmÔn h[hpw \mYqdmw tKmUvsktbmSpÅ BZcmÚenbpw

KmÔnb³ A\pbmbnIÄ \mYqdmw tKmUvsk Fó \maw

At§bäw shdp¡póp. C¡ïImew A{Xbpw \½psS cmPyw KmÔnbòmcpsS `cWw BbncpóXn\mð kXyw CXphsc adbv¡s¸«ncpóp. bmYmÀXy¯nð kzImcyPohnX¯ntebv¡v t\m¡nbmð \mYqdmw hn\mbIv tKmUvsk hfsc `ànbpÅ h\pw a\Ênð BßobX \ndªh\pambncpóp Fóv ImWmw.

At±l¯nsâ PohnXs¯¡pdn¨pÅ tcJmNn{Xw ""{^oUw Aäv anUvss\äv'' Fó ]pkvXI¯nð emcn sImfn³kv, tUman\nIv em¸nbÀ Fóo hntZinIÄ \ðInbn«pïv. IqSmsX Hcp sNdp hnhcWw " chnµv Ie ' Xsâ "tamÌv C³t^bvakv AÊmÊn³' FópÅ ioÀjI¯nð kvs]{Îw RmbdmgvN {Sn_yq¬, 22þ10þ2000 epw \ðInbn«pïv. AXnsâ Nne `mK§Ä A£c{Ia¯nð ChnsS ]p\ÀteJ\w sN¿pIbmWv."" \mYqdmw tKmUvskbpsS PohnXw hmb\¡msc hioIcn¡póXmWv. amk¯nð 15 cq] hcpam\w e`n¡pó {_mÒW\mb Hcp t]mÌv amÌdpsS ]p{X\mbncpóp At±lw. sa{SnIpej\nð Cw¥ojn\v ]cmPbw kw`hn¨Xn\mð At±l¯n\v kÀÆIemimebnð {]thi\w e`n¨nñ. kvIqÄ hnZym`ymk¯n\¸pdw At±lw Hón\p ]pdtI asämcp tPmen Fó hn[¯nð sNbvXp t]móp. BWn ]m¡v sN¿pI, ]g§Ä ssk¡nfnð sImïv \Sóv hnð¡pI, ]gb SbdpIÄ dn¸bÀ sN¿pI XpS§nb tPmenIÄ sNbvXv Ahkm\w \mYqdmw X¿ð tPmenbnð Dd¨p. Fómð At±l¯nsâ bYmÀ° A`n\nthiw cm{ãob¯nð Bbncp óp. ZuÀ`mKyIchpw ZpJIchpamb hkvXpX At±lw KmÔn bpsS XojvW A\p`mhnbpw A\pbmbnbpw Bbnamdn Fó XmWv. KmÔn \nÊlIcW {]Øm\w Bcw`n¨t¸mÄ AXnð ]s¦Sp¯v Pbnð hmkw hsc A\pjvTn¨p. 1937 ð tKmUvsk KmÔnb³ aptóä§Ä Dt]£n¨v hockhÀ¡dnsâ A\p`mhn Bbn.


1944 ð \mYqdmw tKmUvsk "lnµp cm{ã' Fó ]{X¯nsâ ]{Xm[n]À Bbn. kzImcyPohnX¯nð At±lw {_ÒNmcn Bbncpóp. Xsâ X¿ðISbpsS FXnÀhi¯pÅ iÐtImem lew \ndª A´co£¯nepÅ aT¯nemWv At±lw Xmakn¨ncpóXv. At±l¯nsâ apdnbnð BsI IbÀ sImïp Å Hcp I«nð amXamWv ^ÀWn¨dmbn DïmbncpóXv.

At±lw FñmZnhkhpw {]`mX¯nð 5.30 a.m \v DWcpambn cpóp. A½ HgnsI asämcp kv{XobpsS kmao]yw At±l¯n\v Aklyambncpóp. Hcn¡ð AXnITn\amb thZ\bmSpIqSnb ssat{K³ aqew At±ls¯ Bip]{Xnbnð {]thin¸n¨p. tkh\¯n\v ]pckvImcw e`n¨ \gvknsâ tkh\w tKmUvsk bv¡v e`ns¨¦nepw ]ckv{Xo kv]Àiw Hgnhm¡m³ At±lw Bip]{Xn¡nS¡bnð \nópw Fgptóäv hncn FSp¯v Xsâ tað ]pX¨ tijw Bip]{Xnbnð \nópw HmSnt¸mIpIbmWv Dïm bXv. Ccp]¯n F«mw hbÊnð tKmUvsk {_ÒNcyw kzoI cn¨p.

tKmUvsk F{Xbpw ASp¡pw Nn«bpw \ndª PohnXamWv \bn¨ncpóXv Fóv GhÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡mhpóXmWv. Fómð CXnð \nópw hn]coXambn KmÔn¡v sNdp¸w apXð Xsó ]e kz`mh Zqjy§fpw Dïmbncpóp. AhbmWv At±ls¯ ZpÀ_ e\m¡nbXv. At±l¯nsâ icocw Fñpw tXmepw am{Xambn XoÀót¸mÄ am{XamWv At±lw {_ÒNcys¯ Ipdn¨v {]kw Kn¡m³ XpS§nbXv. XnI¨pw Im]Syamb {_ÒNcy¯nsâ ]cn ioe\amWv At±lw A\pjvTn¨n«pÅXv.

tKmUvsk Xsâ kzImcy PohnX¯nð ip²\pw, Cuizc hnizmkapÅh\pw am{Xambncpónñ, cmPys¯bpw lnµp [À½ s¯bpw kwc£n¡pI Fó XojvW B{Klt¯mSv IqSnb h\pw Bbncpóp. KmÔnbpsS tZihncp²hpw lnµp hncp² hpamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ tKmUvskbv¡v kln¡mhpóXn\pw A¸pd ¯mbncpóp. BbXpsImïv KmÔnbpsS Zpjv{]hÀ¯nIÄ¡v At±l¯nsâ PohnXw Xsó cmPy¯n\v _enbmbn \ðIWw Fóv tKmUvsk B{Kln¨p. tKmUvskbpsS {]hÀ¯nIsf ap³hn[ntbmsS t\m¡n¡mWm³ {ian¡mXncpómð At±lw XnI¨pw \nc]cm[n BWv Fóv ImWmw. tKmUvsk, KmÔn tbmSpÅ kzImcy i{XpXbpsS ]pd¯ñ KmÔnsb sImñphm³ {ian¨Xv. adn¨v KmÔnbpsS tZihncp² {]hÀ¯nItfmSpÅ


FXnÀ¸pw AXphgn apÉo§fmð Dïmhm³ t]mIpó lnµp¡ fpsS kÀÆ\miw XSbphm³ thïnbmWv Fóv t_m[¯nsâ Hcp Xncn shfn¨sa¦nepw akvXnjvI¯nð DÅh\v a\Ênem ¡mhpóXmWv. tKmUvsk Xsâ Ahkm\ B{Klhpw {]Øm h\bpambn ]dªp. " Fsâ IpSpw_¯n\v thïn \ðIphm³ Fsâ NnXm`kvaw am{XamWv DÅXv. B NnXm`kvaw GsX¦nepw \Znbnð Hgp¡cpXv. hn`Pn¡s¸« `mcXw Fóv hoïpw Hómbn Xocpópthm Aóv knÔp \Znbnð Hgp¡Ww. AXphsc Xeapd If\pkcn¨v AXv kwc£n¡s¸SWw. ""C¡mcW¯mð Xsó Ft¸mÄ C³Uy lnµp `cW¯n³ Iognð hcpópthm Aóv tKmUvsk hocòmcmb càkm£nIfpsS KW¯nð Bcm[n ¡s¸Spw''.

Rm³ am{Xañ tKmUvsk Ipä¡mc\ñ Fóv hnizkn ¡póXv. KmÔnbpsS sIme]mXI tIkv tI« PUvPn tJmkvse At±l¯nsâ ""Z aÀUÀ Hm^v almß'', t]Pv 234 ð FgpXnbncn¡póXv "" t{imXm¡Ä I®pw ImXpw IqÀ¸n¨ncpóp. tKmUvsk kwkmcn¡m³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ hnkvXmc apdnbnð \niÐX \ndªp \nóp. an¡hmdpw kv{XoIfpsS I®pIfnð \nópw I®p\oÀ [mcbmbv HgpInbncpóp. ]pcpjòmÀ Npabv¡p Ibpw Xqhme ]cXpIbpw sNbvXp. \niÐX A{Xbpw L\apÅ Xmbncpóp Fóv am{Xañ bmZrÑoIambpïmIpó aq¡p]ngnb epIfpw AS¡n¸nSn¨ Npabpw B \niÐX IqSpXð AKm[ am¡n¯nÀ¯ncpóp''.

""Fóncpómepw, `qcn]£w P\§fmð kaÀ¸n¡s¸« "tKmUvsk \nc]cm[n' BWv Fó lÀPn ]cnKWn¡s¸Spsaóv Aóv tImSXn apdnbnð IqSnbncpó t{imXm¡fmb Fñmhcpw hnizkn¨ncpóp FóXnð F\n¡v sXñpw kwibanñ.'' ChnsS Nqïn¡mt«ï {][m\s¸« Hcp Imcyw Aóv AhnsS tImSXn apdnbnð kón[cmbncpó t{imXm¡fmbncpóhÀ hnZymk¼ó cpw, Khs×âv Dt±ymKkvXcpw _p²nPohnIfpw AhcpsS `mcy amcpw IpSpw_§fpw Fñmambncpóp.

an¡hmdpw kv{XoIÄ Bßm`nam\apÅ IpSpw_§fnð \nópÅhcmbncpóp. AhÀ ASp¯ lnbdn§v Znhkw (tIkv hnfn¡pó Znhkw) [cn¨v hcWsaó A`yÀ°\tbmsS kz´w ssIIÄ sImïv Xpónb skzäÀ kvt\l]qÀÆw tKmUvsk¡v \ðInbncpóp. tKmUvsk AhtcmSpÅ IS¸mSv Fó h®w Ah


[cn¨mWv lnbdn§n\v tImSXnbnð F¯nbncpóXv. (C³Uym hn³kv {^oUw, t]Pv 235, KmÔn hmZv HuÀ taw, ss_ tKm]mð tKmUvsk, t]Pv 97). henb Hcp Imcy¯n\v thïn PohXymKw sNbvX tKmUvsk XoÀ¨bmbpw Hcp [oc\mbncpóp.

KmÔnbpsS Fñm A\pbmbnIfpw ]m]nIfmb Ipähmfn IÄ

13þ01þ1948 se KmÔnbpsS {]Ømh\ Uðln Ubdnð tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡póXv A\pkcn¨v,""At±l¯n\v klXm]w apÉo§tfmSv am{XamWv Fópw AhÀ¡v thïn am{XamWv At±lw \ncmlmcw A\pjvTn¨Xv Fópw Nne hyànIÄ Ipäs¸Sp¯n. AhÀ hfsc icnbmWv. BÀ¡mtWm Bhiyw AXmbXv ,Fñmhcpw ]n´pWbvt¡ï \yq\]£¯n\v thïn Xsó BWv KmÔn Xsâ PohnXw Hgnªv h¨Xv. C³Uy³ apÉo§fpsS A`nam\hpw Bßss[cyhpw IhÀópsImïv ]m¡nkvXm³ cq]nIcn¡s¸«p. AXv A{]Imcw Xsó Fóv Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ At±lw s\m¼cs¸«ncnóp''.

""Ahkm\ izmkw hsc At±lw ]dªXv lnµp¡Ä¡pw knJvImÀ¡pw FXnsc ]m¡nkvXm\nð F´mtWm kw`hn¨Xv. AXnsâ {]XnImcambn apÉn§Äs¡Xnsc AhÀ Hcp sNdp hncð t]mepw DbÀ¯nbnñ Fóv [ocXtbmsS ]dbphm³ lnµp¡Ä¡pw knJvImÀ¡pw IgnbWw FómWv.''

P\phcn 13 ð KmÔn \S¯nb {]Ømh\bv¡v bmsXmcp aqeyhpanñ. ImcWw kocnbð \¼À 28 ð tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p ÅXpw CXn\v cïv Znhkw ap³]mbn \S¯nbn«pÅXpamb {]Ømh\ CXnt\mSv XnI¨pw hn]coXamWv. AXmbXv "" Fsâ \ncmlmcw C³Uybnepw ]m¡nkvXm\nepw Xmakn¡pó P\ §Ä¡v kZv_p²n Dïmhm\mWv''. KmÔn lnµp¡sf hôn ¡póh\pw, \pWb\pw, bYmÀ° hkvXpXIÄ hfs¨mSn¡pó h\pamWv FóXn\pÅ D¯a DZmlcWw IqSnbmWv CXv.

ChnsS Duón¸dtbï asämóv, hn`PnX C³Uybnse apÉn§fpw IqSnbmWv ]m¡nkvXm³ cq]oIcW¯n\v IcW ¡mcmbn«pÅXv. 1945þ46 XncsªSp¸pIfnð apgph³ apÉnw koäp Ifpw apÉnw eoKv ]nSn¨S¡nbncpóp. Hscmä koäv t]mepw tIm¬{KÊn\v In«nbnñ. AXmbXv ]m¡nkvXmsâ cq]oIcWw B{Kln¡pó P\lnXw IqSnbmbncpóp CXv. Fóncpón«pw


KmÔn apÉo§fpsS Bßm`nam\s¯¸änbpw Bßss[cys¯ ¸änbpw BtemNn¨v IpWvTnXs¸«v A\ámb \ncmlmcw Bcw `n¡phm³ t]mbn. kXy¯nð AhcpsS Poh\pw kz¯n\pw bmsXmcp òjnWnbpw Dïmbncpónñ.

Fómð KmÔnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ]m¡nkvXm\nð s]«pt]mb ZuÀ`mKyhmòmcpw ZuÀ`mKyhXnIfpamb lnµp¡fp sSbpw knJvImcpsSbpw kz¯nsâbpw Pohsâbpw Imcy¯nð bmsXmcp hnjahpw Dïmbncpónñ. "" ]m¡nkvXm\nð F´v kw`hn¨mepw '' ""lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw hnkvacn¡Ww'' Fóo {]Ømh\IÄ AXmWv Nqïn¡m«póXv. At±lw AXns\ Ipdn¨v Nnń¡póXnð \nópw hfscþhfsc AIse Bbncpóp. ]m¡nkvXm\nse Cu lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpw KmÔnsb ]cn ]qÀ®ambn hnizkn¡pIbpw At±l¯nsâ \nÀtZi§Ä A\pkcn¡pIbpw ""almßm KmÔn \oWmÄ hmgs«'' Fóv ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn¡pIbpw ]ebnS¯pw KmÔn {]XnaIÄ Øm]n ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Ahkm\ \nanjw hsc KmÔn X§sf c£n¡pw Fó {]Xo£ Ahcnð Dïmbncpóp. Fón«pw AhÀ Iq«s¡me sN¿s¸SpIbpw apÉo§fnð \nópw ]eXc¯nepÅ {IqcXIÄ A\p`hn¨v acWs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. Nnń¡m³ t]mepw Ignbm¯ hn[¯nepÅ {IqcXIfpw A]am\hpw X«n s¡mïv t]mIepIfpw lnµp¡fpw knJvImcpamb kv{XoIfpw s]¬Ip«nIfpw A\p`hn¡s¸«p. A]am\n¡s¸«hcpw PohnXw \cIXpeyam¡s¸«v BßlXysNbvXhcpw A\h[n. AXp sImïv Xsó KmÔnbpsS A\p`mhnIfpw, injycpw, ]n´pWbv ¡póhcpw, KmÔnsb A\ptamZn¡póhcpw KmÔnbpsS I]Sm ßIamb hô\bpsSbpw {IqcXIfpsSbpw Hmlcn AÀln¡p óhcpw ]m]nIfpw BWv.

""apl½Zv tKmdnbpsS ]£w tNÀóv NXn¨v ]rYzncmPv Nulms\ tXmð¸n¡pIbpw At±l¯nsâ I®pIÄ NqgvsóSp ¯Xv AS¡w ]e {IqcXIfpw sNbvX cP]p¯v Ncn{X¯nse Pbv Nµns\t¸mse, Kpcp tKm_nµv knwKnsâ cïv \njvIf¦ cmb Ip«nIsf {Iqcòmcmb apÉn§Ä¡v ssIamäw sNbvXv ]ôm_nse kmÀlnµnð `n¯nbnð Nmcn \nÀ¯n CãnIIÄ Fdnªv sImñm³ klmbn¨ KwKp {_mÒns\ t]mse'' C³Uy bnð lnµp cmPyw Øm]n¡s¸Spó \mÄ KmÔnbpw KmÔnbòm cpw cmPyt{ZmlnIfmbn IW¡m¡s¸Spw FóXv XoÀ¨bmWv.


B\µv {]Imiv aZ³

No^v Côn\obÀ (dn«)

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Ncn{X¯mfpIfnð Im]Syw \ndª Hcp apJw aqSn IqSnbmWv almß KmÔn ̀ mcX¯nsâ im]w Fó Cu {KÙ¯neqsS kaqla²y¯nð No´s¸SpóXv. Ignª 68 hÀjambn `mcX Ncn{X¯nð XpSÀóv sImïncn¡pó hô\bpsSbpw NXnbp sSbpw t\À¡mgv¨bpw sXfnhpIfpsSbpw hkvXpXIfpsSbpw ASnØm\¯nð Ahsb A¡an«v \nc¯nbncn¡póXpamb Hcp amÀ¤tcJbpw IqSnbmWv Cu {KÙw. temI¯nse {]Ya kwkvImc¯n\pSaIÄ FópÅ _lpaXnbpsS DSaIfmb lnµp¡Ä kz´ambn amXrcmPyw t]mepw CñmsX \in¨p sImïncn¡pó Hcp hwiw am{XamWv FóXv Cu {KÙw ASnhcbnSpóp....

almß kmÔn - wordpress.comvandematharamhome.files.wordpress.com/2015/...t_m[hð¡cn¡pi fóxmwv....

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