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ISSN 1344- 3941 CODEN NICKA3
Alnimal S5cience Journal
Vol70 No10 October 1999
Japanese Society of Animal Science
B~mim~~~ tt~~A Bliim~~
Animal Science Journal
Official Journal of Japanese Society of Animal Science
President Kohkichi UEHARA
Vice president Tsutomu KONNO Hideo YANO
Editor-in-Chief S SAKAI
Editorial Board T HARIGAY A H ITABASHI N KAKI-ICHI T KAMADA
Y KANAMARU Y KARASAWA S KOBAYASHI Y SASAKI S SUGITA
Executive Editors T TANAKA H TOMOGANE
Membership includes subscription to the Journal (No 1-6 in English No 7-10 in Japanese)
and the privilege of submitting reports for publication The annual membership fee is 8000 yen
Foreign subscribers for the Journal (No 1-6) have the privilege of submitting reports for
publication The annual subscription rate is 4000 yen
All correspondences concerning this Journal should be addressed to Japanese Society of
Animal Science 201 Nagatani Corporas Ikenohata 2-9-4 Taito-ku Tokyo 110-0008 Japan
Abbreviation Anim Sci J
Formerly The Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science (Vol 1-62)
Animal Science and Technology (Vol 63-69)
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Animal Science Journal
Vol 70 No 10 October 1999
Contents
Regular Papers (in Japanese with English Abstract)
Studies on the Recovery of Genomic DNA and Functional Genes from Mammalian Pelt Specimens
Asano Y Uekita T Kasai K Endo H Yamada T Saburi S Yamanouchi K Tojo H Natori M Tachi C 1351
Ovarian Morphological Structures and Plasma Steroid Hormone Profile in Cows Treated with Prostaglandin Fla after Embryo Collection
Ushinohama K Kamimura S Hamana Kmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1363
Assisted Hatching of In vitro-produced Bovine Embryos Amano T Yamanaka M Itagaki Y 1370
Effects of Age and Sexual Experience at Pairing on the Reproductive Performance in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Kai 0 J377
Butyrolactone-I Inhibits Germinal Vesicle Breakdown of Porcine Oocytes Cultured in vitro
Nishimoto N Nagai T Yamauchi N Takenouchi N Geshi M Hashizume T Masuda H J384
Effects of Dietary Protein Degradability on Nitrogen and Energy Utilization of Lactating Cows
Nakai F Hirashima Y Ueda K Agung Purnomoadi Higuchi K Enishi 0 Terada Fmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot J390
Accumulation of r-Aminobutyric Acid into Cheddar Cheese by Addition of Heat-treated Lactococcus Lactis Cell
Nomura M Someya Y Furukawa S Suzuki I 1397
Meat Quality and the Color Changes of Jersey Cows Kuriki T Izumimoto M Miyamoto T J403
Effect of Handling Treatment during Three Days after Birth on the Subsequent Reaction to Humans in Japanese Black Calves
Kosako T Imura T J409
Behavioral Characteristics of Japanese Black Calves during Leading Training in the First Seven Days after Birth
Kosako T Imura T J415
Abstracts (in Japanese) Animal Science Journal Vol 70 No 5 J421
News and Announcements for Japanese Members J430
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Anim Sci 1 70 ( 10) 1390-1396 1999 1390
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
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Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
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Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
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Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
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Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
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Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
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~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
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of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Animal Science Journal
Official Journal of Japanese Society of Animal Science
President Kohkichi UEHARA
Vice president Tsutomu KONNO Hideo YANO
Editor-in-Chief S SAKAI
Editorial Board T HARIGAY A H ITABASHI N KAKI-ICHI T KAMADA
Y KANAMARU Y KARASAWA S KOBAYASHI Y SASAKI S SUGITA
Executive Editors T TANAKA H TOMOGANE
Membership includes subscription to the Journal (No 1-6 in English No 7-10 in Japanese)
and the privilege of submitting reports for publication The annual membership fee is 8000 yen
Foreign subscribers for the Journal (No 1-6) have the privilege of submitting reports for
publication The annual subscription rate is 4000 yen
All correspondences concerning this Journal should be addressed to Japanese Society of
Animal Science 201 Nagatani Corporas Ikenohata 2-9-4 Taito-ku Tokyo 110-0008 Japan
Abbreviation Anim Sci J
Formerly The Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science (Vol 1-62)
Animal Science and Technology (Vol 63-69)
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Animal Science Journal
Vol 70 No 10 October 1999
Contents
Regular Papers (in Japanese with English Abstract)
Studies on the Recovery of Genomic DNA and Functional Genes from Mammalian Pelt Specimens
Asano Y Uekita T Kasai K Endo H Yamada T Saburi S Yamanouchi K Tojo H Natori M Tachi C 1351
Ovarian Morphological Structures and Plasma Steroid Hormone Profile in Cows Treated with Prostaglandin Fla after Embryo Collection
Ushinohama K Kamimura S Hamana Kmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1363
Assisted Hatching of In vitro-produced Bovine Embryos Amano T Yamanaka M Itagaki Y 1370
Effects of Age and Sexual Experience at Pairing on the Reproductive Performance in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Kai 0 J377
Butyrolactone-I Inhibits Germinal Vesicle Breakdown of Porcine Oocytes Cultured in vitro
Nishimoto N Nagai T Yamauchi N Takenouchi N Geshi M Hashizume T Masuda H J384
Effects of Dietary Protein Degradability on Nitrogen and Energy Utilization of Lactating Cows
Nakai F Hirashima Y Ueda K Agung Purnomoadi Higuchi K Enishi 0 Terada Fmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot J390
Accumulation of r-Aminobutyric Acid into Cheddar Cheese by Addition of Heat-treated Lactococcus Lactis Cell
Nomura M Someya Y Furukawa S Suzuki I 1397
Meat Quality and the Color Changes of Jersey Cows Kuriki T Izumimoto M Miyamoto T J403
Effect of Handling Treatment during Three Days after Birth on the Subsequent Reaction to Humans in Japanese Black Calves
Kosako T Imura T J409
Behavioral Characteristics of Japanese Black Calves during Leading Training in the First Seven Days after Birth
Kosako T Imura T J415
Abstracts (in Japanese) Animal Science Journal Vol 70 No 5 J421
News and Announcements for Japanese Members J430
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El ~~q~W 70 (10) J 390-J 396 1999
IX~F~~(~oJ- CI h Q~~H y deg1 ~ Ii f- O)71W~4Hi JO)ireg~JyenJiPRCP llJPIl CI h Q~~O) x j Jv~ -tl~
1 J -gt -C~-~f1l1~tyenJiJltJ t) 111 ) c h Gfimf4 y m~~~~~~b-gt-Ctt) PRcp~O)~m~O)~
1 m0) 71~Wf~tiO) ~JeuroJi~Lplusmn 1ampiit5Zh~ I -J L-C Y Ii x j Jv~ - f-t~ let tdgt G-g1~ ~oJ-t Q b 0) c m Ii ~~ 0) J~~ Ji ffI6 CI ~1 -C L Q) 16 18) B ~mflftlli$~L mJL-CLQ it Coppock2)liPRiJ-O)xjJv4-m~
4 1994 n~12) C b r ii ~Lif 0) ~HHHJ y ~ 11fJ ri~lj I x Jv4 - --gt~5tIU~lc It~) L 1k L -CA ~ lttJ L
(VIP) 0) ~~tt I -J L -C ~4~~ CI n -C t t) -0-i~ h Jirm Ie b 0) 0) z- O)~ipoundt (i x j Jv 4 -fIJAJ ~h$ I R5(7) ( 1F+ 9 t L -C b~m1ttH~1 c L -CO)sectEJKJiMm CI n Q QC L-CLQ
-j iptJijsectt Q~20) ~lfV~jUsectC poundb Q~i I rn L Jgt L tJ Ji G ~Jf4 y 011[ 0) 7t~4tttJlNl4 0) x
9 Q~i~tlwftkiliiXO)iJt9Jgt G fflflii8ZJNiWr J Q j Jv yen - tbP1ICamp (itJrJ2lr -J L -C t9i~i L t W (itti yen~tJ~i1tt Q 0) trn$IIamp1f Ji ~Ri CI n -C t I) 14 19 -22) l~~L L z- c c-~~~Cli ipound~LLt-r~ri-~IJ71~4$V)YUJ
-0) VIP ~oJ-r J I) 17Kq-O)~ltlJnlt ~J i1qpoundt9 Q c Q~~JN5 1It~~oJ-L ~~WWlO)iJiL~littt~9Q
c JiWlt5 CI n -CL Q lUl l Y~lJnJU~O) tf(JfuIJr~ampi~ rfi c c b IC xj Jv~ - WVlIampri9 ~~~l( -J L -C ~iM L O)xjJv4-fIJffiilliJgtGQc Tyrrell G 2l )(iyeni R11(J) t
iJlHfi1J IjJtfgtCf~ (fax 088-694-6211 e-mail nakaigreenpreLtokushimajp)
Anim Sci 1 70 ( 10) 1390-1396 1999 1390
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
~JtJj 5 I k9 0) I JtJj 14 I ~R~ 2 WJ c L t I IX 2 lIfi 2 15lt i J I] CJ A 7f - - it I J i) ~Jlli Lt t1~Wl (I t~tj
ipound1LllI1M I r3) t t)1 A 5 l ftlipound~LLj 4 liJi -f m~ -frNJJJJllf lampU~9i~ir 7) 1lX1 L iji$ IO) i J i) yent
-7 17 I1f7t~itO)J tpound fiiiJf4-f~t L ~t J Lf x J U x jlt )1 -yen - WMiA~~ -f ktJili L t fJi~~f~ (I ~ Ut
)1 -yen - WW11 ifllJAE L t 18ce ftjxJitlJQ 60 c L t
lI fJ L t ipoundUJ 0) ijZ fJ 02 6lt tl 25 j[( (2 ~3 gf) -y fnJ u IJt~AftriJfO)Il)ampt J Lft~)amp7t I~ I I~ L t c t i)
~rrJIfcIfJO)ijZt-Jraquo~iampl3~il 49 13 (44~59 El) Cr3) Cr3)i) UIP~t7iltyentl pound11 11] lli (CP) Ix-tt t UIP O)~ IJ ~-f 43 lfJ~~ L t]X ( LD]Xc RI1lt) c 32
FiJ~~WIDIlampJtJj 7 I3t~~O)O)1 -fifnfiJ~iJtJj 9 l3 ~t $U ltMJ~ L t[R (HD ~ c~9 ) 0) 2 7iltyen c L t tpoundt ~F
Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
flHtt (i T 7 - L r JttfTri lJ ) ( J I) 0tfT L t ~ti J
UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
fi~ fQ~$SYXfO)~i5-(ifi~ampbiJ)0bO)c fG I~ ft 10 RfO) tFiiS-(itfil2ijb i J) 0 bO)cJtJ Lt
1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
fiilD IJHJ1I ~~ 2 1 iF L t ijZjoJffiIIXk1 I -) ~l Ii LD IX (ti ~l li~rlSftmMrp
iJ5tc t - vtA~~ bi tllfiiiJ4tiJ Ulic-s-ft~NO)ffi
1lXtM r i- 0) J~W tHlltY) Gn -g fililIXfa9 t ~ Ii tJ b t
-1Lw I J l (iIIIJilX~a~ i N (i 17- Gn tJ b t bi -yenLfta H J ~l (j LD [2lt 0) 332 (xJ L HD IX 370 c tJ
Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
UIP iLqic L lffi~Ifl~t~i5- - lErJ((lfLIi -yenL 5
OJ i1J$Ii~g2 n~U5fSliftff -t oflflJD] ( J) 0 c 2
n l ~0 5) 4~ (ti ~l b ~Lm O) ~1J[J Ii 17- G n tJ
b tb i 1L5 1 ~$(LI-yenf LfUij$IifffF-t 0
c bi61f~l ~ n t
2 yentplusmnl~
~j~I t1~))HM~A 3 (F L t IdiJPlt~a~ 0) ~~~Jffffi( l rt li t~ ltY) Gh tJ b t bi 8
Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
intake on energy metabolism of the dairy cow Proceedings
of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Sf- ~ 11 $ 10 ~
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~~~ EJl~ ~ 1377
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Animal Science Journal
Vol 70 No 10 October 1999
Contents
Regular Papers (in Japanese with English Abstract)
Studies on the Recovery of Genomic DNA and Functional Genes from Mammalian Pelt Specimens
Asano Y Uekita T Kasai K Endo H Yamada T Saburi S Yamanouchi K Tojo H Natori M Tachi C 1351
Ovarian Morphological Structures and Plasma Steroid Hormone Profile in Cows Treated with Prostaglandin Fla after Embryo Collection
Ushinohama K Kamimura S Hamana Kmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1363
Assisted Hatching of In vitro-produced Bovine Embryos Amano T Yamanaka M Itagaki Y 1370
Effects of Age and Sexual Experience at Pairing on the Reproductive Performance in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Kai 0 J377
Butyrolactone-I Inhibits Germinal Vesicle Breakdown of Porcine Oocytes Cultured in vitro
Nishimoto N Nagai T Yamauchi N Takenouchi N Geshi M Hashizume T Masuda H J384
Effects of Dietary Protein Degradability on Nitrogen and Energy Utilization of Lactating Cows
Nakai F Hirashima Y Ueda K Agung Purnomoadi Higuchi K Enishi 0 Terada Fmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot J390
Accumulation of r-Aminobutyric Acid into Cheddar Cheese by Addition of Heat-treated Lactococcus Lactis Cell
Nomura M Someya Y Furukawa S Suzuki I 1397
Meat Quality and the Color Changes of Jersey Cows Kuriki T Izumimoto M Miyamoto T J403
Effect of Handling Treatment during Three Days after Birth on the Subsequent Reaction to Humans in Japanese Black Calves
Kosako T Imura T J409
Behavioral Characteristics of Japanese Black Calves during Leading Training in the First Seven Days after Birth
Kosako T Imura T J415
Abstracts (in Japanese) Animal Science Journal Vol 70 No 5 J421
News and Announcements for Japanese Members J430
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El ~~q~W 70 (10) J 390-J 396 1999
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-0) VIP ~oJ-r J I) 17Kq-O)~ltlJnlt ~J i1qpoundt9 Q c Q~~JN5 1It~~oJ-L ~~WWlO)iJiL~littt~9Q
c JiWlt5 CI n -CL Q lUl l Y~lJnJU~O) tf(JfuIJr~ampi~ rfi c c b IC xj Jv~ - WVlIampri9 ~~~l( -J L -C ~iM L O)xjJv4-fIJffiilliJgtGQc Tyrrell G 2l )(iyeni R11(J) t
iJlHfi1J IjJtfgtCf~ (fax 088-694-6211 e-mail nakaigreenpreLtokushimajp)
Anim Sci 1 70 ( 10) 1390-1396 1999 1390
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
~JtJj 5 I k9 0) I JtJj 14 I ~R~ 2 WJ c L t I IX 2 lIfi 2 15lt i J I] CJ A 7f - - it I J i) ~Jlli Lt t1~Wl (I t~tj
ipound1LllI1M I r3) t t)1 A 5 l ftlipound~LLj 4 liJi -f m~ -frNJJJJllf lampU~9i~ir 7) 1lX1 L iji$ IO) i J i) yent
-7 17 I1f7t~itO)J tpound fiiiJf4-f~t L ~t J Lf x J U x jlt )1 -yen - WMiA~~ -f ktJili L t fJi~~f~ (I ~ Ut
)1 -yen - WW11 ifllJAE L t 18ce ftjxJitlJQ 60 c L t
lI fJ L t ipoundUJ 0) ijZ fJ 02 6lt tl 25 j[( (2 ~3 gf) -y fnJ u IJt~AftriJfO)Il)ampt J Lft~)amp7t I~ I I~ L t c t i)
~rrJIfcIfJO)ijZt-Jraquo~iampl3~il 49 13 (44~59 El) Cr3) Cr3)i) UIP~t7iltyentl pound11 11] lli (CP) Ix-tt t UIP O)~ IJ ~-f 43 lfJ~~ L t]X ( LD]Xc RI1lt) c 32
FiJ~~WIDIlampJtJj 7 I3t~~O)O)1 -fifnfiJ~iJtJj 9 l3 ~t $U ltMJ~ L t[R (HD ~ c~9 ) 0) 2 7iltyen c L t tpoundt ~F
Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
flHtt (i T 7 - L r JttfTri lJ ) ( J I) 0tfT L t ~ti J
UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
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1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
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Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
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c bi61f~l ~ n t
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Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
intake on energy metabolism of the dairy cow Proceedings
of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Animal Science Journal
Vol 70 No 10 October 1999
Contents
Regular Papers (in Japanese with English Abstract)
Studies on the Recovery of Genomic DNA and Functional Genes from Mammalian Pelt Specimens
Asano Y Uekita T Kasai K Endo H Yamada T Saburi S Yamanouchi K Tojo H Natori M Tachi C 1351
Ovarian Morphological Structures and Plasma Steroid Hormone Profile in Cows Treated with Prostaglandin Fla after Embryo Collection
Ushinohama K Kamimura S Hamana Kmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1363
Assisted Hatching of In vitro-produced Bovine Embryos Amano T Yamanaka M Itagaki Y 1370
Effects of Age and Sexual Experience at Pairing on the Reproductive Performance in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Kai 0 J377
Butyrolactone-I Inhibits Germinal Vesicle Breakdown of Porcine Oocytes Cultured in vitro
Nishimoto N Nagai T Yamauchi N Takenouchi N Geshi M Hashizume T Masuda H J384
Effects of Dietary Protein Degradability on Nitrogen and Energy Utilization of Lactating Cows
Nakai F Hirashima Y Ueda K Agung Purnomoadi Higuchi K Enishi 0 Terada Fmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot J390
Accumulation of r-Aminobutyric Acid into Cheddar Cheese by Addition of Heat-treated Lactococcus Lactis Cell
Nomura M Someya Y Furukawa S Suzuki I 1397
Meat Quality and the Color Changes of Jersey Cows Kuriki T Izumimoto M Miyamoto T J403
Effect of Handling Treatment during Three Days after Birth on the Subsequent Reaction to Humans in Japanese Black Calves
Kosako T Imura T J409
Behavioral Characteristics of Japanese Black Calves during Leading Training in the First Seven Days after Birth
Kosako T Imura T J415
Abstracts (in Japanese) Animal Science Journal Vol 70 No 5 J421
News and Announcements for Japanese Members J430
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~~n y 11t0)71~4$0)Jlamp~~~sHU Ji xj Jv 4 - f IJffl5(7)yen(i Ii c A cz- O))~J-f~~rTti L c C Ji 8Ej GJgt c tJ -gt t
El ~~q~W 70 (10) J 390-J 396 1999
IX~F~~(~oJ- CI h Q~~H y deg1 ~ Ii f- O)71W~4Hi JO)ireg~JyenJiPRCP llJPIl CI h Q~~O) x j Jv~ -tl~
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1 m0) 71~Wf~tiO) ~JeuroJi~Lplusmn 1ampiit5Zh~ I -J L-C Y Ii x j Jv~ - f-t~ let tdgt G-g1~ ~oJ-t Q b 0) c m Ii ~~ 0) J~~ Ji ffI6 CI ~1 -C L Q) 16 18) B ~mflftlli$~L mJL-CLQ it Coppock2)liPRiJ-O)xjJv4-m~
4 1994 n~12) C b r ii ~Lif 0) ~HHHJ y ~ 11fJ ri~lj I x Jv4 - --gt~5tIU~lc It~) L 1k L -CA ~ lttJ L
(VIP) 0) ~~tt I -J L -C ~4~~ CI n -C t t) -0-i~ h Jirm Ie b 0) 0) z- O)~ipoundt (i x j Jv 4 -fIJAJ ~h$ I R5(7) ( 1F+ 9 t L -C b~m1ttH~1 c L -CO)sectEJKJiMm CI n Q QC L-CLQ
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9 Q~i~tlwftkiliiXO)iJt9Jgt G fflflii8ZJNiWr J Q j Jv yen - tbP1ICamp (itJrJ2lr -J L -C t9i~i L t W (itti yen~tJ~i1tt Q 0) trn$IIamp1f Ji ~Ri CI n -C t I) 14 19 -22) l~~L L z- c c-~~~Cli ipound~LLt-r~ri-~IJ71~4$V)YUJ
-0) VIP ~oJ-r J I) 17Kq-O)~ltlJnlt ~J i1qpoundt9 Q c Q~~JN5 1It~~oJ-L ~~WWlO)iJiL~littt~9Q
c JiWlt5 CI n -CL Q lUl l Y~lJnJU~O) tf(JfuIJr~ampi~ rfi c c b IC xj Jv~ - WVlIampri9 ~~~l( -J L -C ~iM L O)xjJv4-fIJffiilliJgtGQc Tyrrell G 2l )(iyeni R11(J) t
iJlHfi1J IjJtfgtCf~ (fax 088-694-6211 e-mail nakaigreenpreLtokushimajp)
Anim Sci 1 70 ( 10) 1390-1396 1999 1390
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
~JtJj 5 I k9 0) I JtJj 14 I ~R~ 2 WJ c L t I IX 2 lIfi 2 15lt i J I] CJ A 7f - - it I J i) ~Jlli Lt t1~Wl (I t~tj
ipound1LllI1M I r3) t t)1 A 5 l ftlipound~LLj 4 liJi -f m~ -frNJJJJllf lampU~9i~ir 7) 1lX1 L iji$ IO) i J i) yent
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~rrJIfcIfJO)ijZt-Jraquo~iampl3~il 49 13 (44~59 El) Cr3) Cr3)i) UIP~t7iltyentl pound11 11] lli (CP) Ix-tt t UIP O)~ IJ ~-f 43 lfJ~~ L t]X ( LD]Xc RI1lt) c 32
FiJ~~WIDIlampJtJj 7 I3t~~O)O)1 -fifnfiJ~iJtJj 9 l3 ~t $U ltMJ~ L t[R (HD ~ c~9 ) 0) 2 7iltyen c L t tpoundt ~F
Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
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UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
fi~ fQ~$SYXfO)~i5-(ifi~ampbiJ)0bO)c fG I~ ft 10 RfO) tFiiS-(itfil2ijb i J) 0 bO)cJtJ Lt
1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
fiilD IJHJ1I ~~ 2 1 iF L t ijZjoJffiIIXk1 I -) ~l Ii LD IX (ti ~l li~rlSftmMrp
iJ5tc t - vtA~~ bi tllfiiiJ4tiJ Ulic-s-ft~NO)ffi
1lXtM r i- 0) J~W tHlltY) Gn -g fililIXfa9 t ~ Ii tJ b t
-1Lw I J l (iIIIJilX~a~ i N (i 17- Gn tJ b t bi -yenLfta H J ~l (j LD [2lt 0) 332 (xJ L HD IX 370 c tJ
Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
UIP iLqic L lffi~Ifl~t~i5- - lErJ((lfLIi -yenL 5
OJ i1J$Ii~g2 n~U5fSliftff -t oflflJD] ( J) 0 c 2
n l ~0 5) 4~ (ti ~l b ~Lm O) ~1J[J Ii 17- G n tJ
b tb i 1L5 1 ~$(LI-yenf LfUij$IifffF-t 0
c bi61f~l ~ n t
2 yentplusmnl~
~j~I t1~))HM~A 3 (F L t IdiJPlt~a~ 0) ~~~Jffffi( l rt li t~ ltY) Gh tJ b t bi 8
Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
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of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
fiiU4gt ) 7 jfO)7t~~$O)~ t) iJlpound4LLto) ~~ fcgt ct UI )vyen -1trnEdI-tJ5V
cf1HX12 yen-1~~g~1 LB37i_~~2 7 If 7deg)v J -E 7 71 J
timOFo=3 71cisect g ~B3X~3
f~~M~~iit~~tpound t~~~Jtamp1IlJ 771-1310 I tlillillj~t TA~flTm 818-0004g~~fJbf~~tJl
2 1ti1JjAyeni1ii$$ fL~ltm1tlZ 060-8589 ) ~Hf~~ -amp im ~i ~ tJI 6ZjXyenIAampRyen ffllf~ f]Jplusmnttl 305 -090 I
(199935 ]tN 1999616 5[W)
~ ~ ft~h y deg1 mO)-~~71~4yen0)i(tL Jii~L4O) ~j~t J Lf xj Jv-yen- thWiIampIit)lJ1f H~tttQt66le ttJfiiilIG-y o1f1fiJJyentc L-C~J)~c t -JvftJ (LDRlt) 0QL(i sectJ a (HDIK) C 71~4$ H~~ L t ft~f4~ i Jvz Y -1 ~i~yenL4 4 ~J1(~oJ- L -c5ik t J Lf x j Jv ~ - ifjWiit~ ~fl-gt
t ~tMdfIj~lll18cC itiIiit60cL lAA2~r8 (it~)(Jj5El) 2llJjc9Q1 D zt--$C ~JfuLt z-O)5~ I) ~L ill ( 2~Ij tdgt-gttJi LDIXO)Nijliiit lHfidtkTL ~U 1~$ ~L
y 01m~[poundm li~~IJf plusmn~]ULt 2) ~1kthIHi ~flUlZiI Zi litJJgt-gttJi LDIXO)~
- 0) yenlJlitttii ~Lt J U~fil- 0) yen)f~~tflWJiplusmn~1JO9 QtfiioJ ( poundb I) PR - O)lJnllitl1 Ii Afl GJgt I ~ipoundt 9 QftfiioJ C poundb -gt t 3) xl Jv 4 - thR (i LD IX 0) ~-O) X j Jv 4 - fft ~w JiPP~ LiNial C ib -gt t Ji
PR y c L-cO)xjJv4-fll~mttJLftiM$(e amp IitJJgt-gtt it LDIXO)xjJv4-~tii1 Ji fle~(C~lt tJ-gtt 4) HHamptfMxjJv~-O)~~ (NxjJv4-+~tJlixjJv~-) (x-t9QfIJffl5ZJ$ (e~(Hp156 GlVdgt -gt t
J-JJJgt G xj JV4- t J Lf Y 1 mflUrxfR JiftJE L t~dfT(tL -C Nramp71t J UyenWjq~(i
~~n y 11t0)71~4$0)Jlamp~~~sHU Ji xj Jv 4 - f IJffl5(7)yen(i Ii c A cz- O))~J-f~~rTti L c C Ji 8Ej GJgt c tJ -gt t
El ~~q~W 70 (10) J 390-J 396 1999
IX~F~~(~oJ- CI h Q~~H y deg1 ~ Ii f- O)71W~4Hi JO)ireg~JyenJiPRCP llJPIl CI h Q~~O) x j Jv~ -tl~
1 J -gt -C~-~f1l1~tyenJiJltJ t) 111 ) c h Gfimf4 y m~~~~~~b-gt-Ctt) PRcp~O)~m~O)~
1 m0) 71~Wf~tiO) ~JeuroJi~Lplusmn 1ampiit5Zh~ I -J L-C Y Ii x j Jv~ - f-t~ let tdgt G-g1~ ~oJ-t Q b 0) c m Ii ~~ 0) J~~ Ji ffI6 CI ~1 -C L Q) 16 18) B ~mflftlli$~L mJL-CLQ it Coppock2)liPRiJ-O)xjJv4-m~
4 1994 n~12) C b r ii ~Lif 0) ~HHHJ y ~ 11fJ ri~lj I x Jv4 - --gt~5tIU~lc It~) L 1k L -CA ~ lttJ L
(VIP) 0) ~~tt I -J L -C ~4~~ CI n -C t t) -0-i~ h Jirm Ie b 0) 0) z- O)~ipoundt (i x j Jv 4 -fIJAJ ~h$ I R5(7) ( 1F+ 9 t L -C b~m1ttH~1 c L -CO)sectEJKJiMm CI n Q QC L-CLQ
-j iptJijsectt Q~20) ~lfV~jUsectC poundb Q~i I rn L Jgt L tJ Ji G ~Jf4 y 011[ 0) 7t~4tttJlNl4 0) x
9 Q~i~tlwftkiliiXO)iJt9Jgt G fflflii8ZJNiWr J Q j Jv yen - tbP1ICamp (itJrJ2lr -J L -C t9i~i L t W (itti yen~tJ~i1tt Q 0) trn$IIamp1f Ji ~Ri CI n -C t I) 14 19 -22) l~~L L z- c c-~~~Cli ipound~LLt-r~ri-~IJ71~4$V)YUJ
-0) VIP ~oJ-r J I) 17Kq-O)~ltlJnlt ~J i1qpoundt9 Q c Q~~JN5 1It~~oJ-L ~~WWlO)iJiL~littt~9Q
c JiWlt5 CI n -CL Q lUl l Y~lJnJU~O) tf(JfuIJr~ampi~ rfi c c b IC xj Jv~ - WVlIampri9 ~~~l( -J L -C ~iM L O)xjJv4-fIJffiilliJgtGQc Tyrrell G 2l )(iyeni R11(J) t
iJlHfi1J IjJtfgtCf~ (fax 088-694-6211 e-mail nakaigreenpreLtokushimajp)
Anim Sci 1 70 ( 10) 1390-1396 1999 1390
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
~JtJj 5 I k9 0) I JtJj 14 I ~R~ 2 WJ c L t I IX 2 lIfi 2 15lt i J I] CJ A 7f - - it I J i) ~Jlli Lt t1~Wl (I t~tj
ipound1LllI1M I r3) t t)1 A 5 l ftlipound~LLj 4 liJi -f m~ -frNJJJJllf lampU~9i~ir 7) 1lX1 L iji$ IO) i J i) yent
-7 17 I1f7t~itO)J tpound fiiiJf4-f~t L ~t J Lf x J U x jlt )1 -yen - WMiA~~ -f ktJili L t fJi~~f~ (I ~ Ut
)1 -yen - WW11 ifllJAE L t 18ce ftjxJitlJQ 60 c L t
lI fJ L t ipoundUJ 0) ijZ fJ 02 6lt tl 25 j[( (2 ~3 gf) -y fnJ u IJt~AftriJfO)Il)ampt J Lft~)amp7t I~ I I~ L t c t i)
~rrJIfcIfJO)ijZt-Jraquo~iampl3~il 49 13 (44~59 El) Cr3) Cr3)i) UIP~t7iltyentl pound11 11] lli (CP) Ix-tt t UIP O)~ IJ ~-f 43 lfJ~~ L t]X ( LD]Xc RI1lt) c 32
FiJ~~WIDIlampJtJj 7 I3t~~O)O)1 -fifnfiJ~iJtJj 9 l3 ~t $U ltMJ~ L t[R (HD ~ c~9 ) 0) 2 7iltyen c L t tpoundt ~F
Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
flHtt (i T 7 - L r JttfTri lJ ) ( J I) 0tfT L t ~ti J
UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
fi~ fQ~$SYXfO)~i5-(ifi~ampbiJ)0bO)c fG I~ ft 10 RfO) tFiiS-(itfil2ijb i J) 0 bO)cJtJ Lt
1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
fiilD IJHJ1I ~~ 2 1 iF L t ijZjoJffiIIXk1 I -) ~l Ii LD IX (ti ~l li~rlSftmMrp
iJ5tc t - vtA~~ bi tllfiiiJ4tiJ Ulic-s-ft~NO)ffi
1lXtM r i- 0) J~W tHlltY) Gn -g fililIXfa9 t ~ Ii tJ b t
-1Lw I J l (iIIIJilX~a~ i N (i 17- Gn tJ b t bi -yenLfta H J ~l (j LD [2lt 0) 332 (xJ L HD IX 370 c tJ
Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
UIP iLqic L lffi~Ifl~t~i5- - lErJ((lfLIi -yenL 5
OJ i1J$Ii~g2 n~U5fSliftff -t oflflJD] ( J) 0 c 2
n l ~0 5) 4~ (ti ~l b ~Lm O) ~1J[J Ii 17- G n tJ
b tb i 1L5 1 ~$(LI-yenf LfUij$IifffF-t 0
c bi61f~l ~ n t
2 yentplusmnl~
~j~I t1~))HM~A 3 (F L t IdiJPlt~a~ 0) ~~~Jffffi( l rt li t~ ltY) Gh tJ b t bi 8
Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
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Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Table 1 Ingredients and chemical composition of diets
Treatment Item
LD HD
Ingredients ( DM)
Roughage
Italian ryegrass wafer
Concentrate
Flaked corn
Barley grain
Beet pulp
Alfalfa meal
Soybean meal
Fish meal
Brewers grains
Soybean hulls
Calcium salts of fatty acids l)
Molasses
CaHP04
Mineral and vitamin supplements2)
Chemical composition ( DM or MJkgDM)
DM
CP
VIP ( CP)))
EE
NDF
GE
346
14 8 135
98
90 40
50
41 2 4
06
20
O 1
869
183 429
49
388 18 7
34 2
E6
02
~~ 6
8 1
12 6
7 2
15
19
O 9
O 1
868 18 2 32 3
4 7
39 1
185
LD low degradable protein HD high degradable protein DM dry matter CP crude protein VIP undegraded intake protein EE ether extracts NDF neutral detergent fiber
GE gross energy I) Megalac Volac Ltd
2) Trace minerals (contained 60 Zn 50 Mn 50 Fe 10 Cu and 01 I) vitamin A D E mixture (contained 10000 IVg vitaminA 2000 IVg vitaminD) and DL-a tocopherol acetate IOmgg) ) Calculated from Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle (1994)
~JtJj 5 I k9 0) I JtJj 14 I ~R~ 2 WJ c L t I IX 2 lIfi 2 15lt i J I] CJ A 7f - - it I J i) ~Jlli Lt t1~Wl (I t~tj
ipound1LllI1M I r3) t t)1 A 5 l ftlipound~LLj 4 liJi -f m~ -frNJJJJllf lampU~9i~ir 7) 1lX1 L iji$ IO) i J i) yent
-7 17 I1f7t~itO)J tpound fiiiJf4-f~t L ~t J Lf x J U x jlt )1 -yen - WMiA~~ -f ktJili L t fJi~~f~ (I ~ Ut
)1 -yen - WW11 ifllJAE L t 18ce ftjxJitlJQ 60 c L t
lI fJ L t ipoundUJ 0) ijZ fJ 02 6lt tl 25 j[( (2 ~3 gf) -y fnJ u IJt~AftriJfO)Il)ampt J Lft~)amp7t I~ I I~ L t c t i)
~rrJIfcIfJO)ijZt-Jraquo~iampl3~il 49 13 (44~59 El) Cr3) Cr3)i) UIP~t7iltyentl pound11 11] lli (CP) Ix-tt t UIP O)~ IJ ~-f 43 lfJ~~ L t]X ( LD]Xc RI1lt) c 32
FiJ~~WIDIlampJtJj 7 I3t~~O)O)1 -fifnfiJ~iJtJj 9 l3 ~t $U ltMJ~ L t[R (HD ~ c~9 ) 0) 2 7iltyen c L t tpoundt ~F
Anim Sci J 70 ( 10) bull J390-J396 1999 J391
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
flHtt (i T 7 - L r JttfTri lJ ) ( J I) 0tfT L t ~ti J
UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
fi~ fQ~$SYXfO)~i5-(ifi~ampbiJ)0bO)c fG I~ ft 10 RfO) tFiiS-(itfil2ijb i J) 0 bO)cJtJ Lt
1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
fiilD IJHJ1I ~~ 2 1 iF L t ijZjoJffiIIXk1 I -) ~l Ii LD IX (ti ~l li~rlSftmMrp
iJ5tc t - vtA~~ bi tllfiiiJ4tiJ Ulic-s-ft~NO)ffi
1lXtM r i- 0) J~W tHlltY) Gn -g fililIXfa9 t ~ Ii tJ b t
-1Lw I J l (iIIIJilX~a~ i N (i 17- Gn tJ b t bi -yenLfta H J ~l (j LD [2lt 0) 332 (xJ L HD IX 370 c tJ
Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
UIP iLqic L lffi~Ifl~t~i5- - lErJ((lfLIi -yenL 5
OJ i1J$Ii~g2 n~U5fSliftff -t oflflJD] ( J) 0 c 2
n l ~0 5) 4~ (ti ~l b ~Lm O) ~1J[J Ii 17- G n tJ
b tb i 1L5 1 ~$(LI-yenf LfUij$IifffF-t 0
c bi61f~l ~ n t
2 yentplusmnl~
~j~I t1~))HM~A 3 (F L t IdiJPlt~a~ 0) ~~~Jffffi( l rt li t~ ltY) Gh tJ b t bi 8
Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
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Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
~~lffO)~~ It (i NRC ) ~~151 HD [RCIi UIP bq~
L0 Lt LJ -) ( LD IXCIi7H1t~7 1 Mb)~JE L
tJ ~ J -) (~)t It L t fii] 4 M5s- Ii tt ffrt L A+shy( ME ) AUI( ll) ~ftJE-t6ill~8 10 16tiJrJ 1911j0)
I Icl 4ltJIJt( tl~I=Jmiddot L t 7Jlt ti JlYIQl11~~IiEHl=tHUamp
~ +it
t1tfLil 8 Ill 3071 18 I~O) 2 J c L tf~WJ LHiH~
fL Lii0)5 1iRII cJt tlmiddotttyenf 0) fIamp ~n t ftJffO)~iJQ)jxJtiffimiddot$IO) rJI) rptJ3Tmiddotmiddot 5 -L r
flHtt (i T 7 - L r JttfTri lJ ) ( J I) 0tfT L t ~ti J
UI O)~ -- (iiiff fIfjoJ O) t t TV 7 - v$t J I) 0 tfT
L t fL)JX)1 (i 7HJ~ 13 gpJ0 tfTH (~vJ A f -V 134
A B Foss Electric 115 CntfT L t ~iJlIIi(i ftmNti
J U~( J L l liJfl~Iyen~ffir L 1Lti J CJPRI J ~
l r iJtlJ ~fi l l~~h t if I) L 7- v 7 -( v Lg~~PJ Ci6
ijZiX L6) ~liJf APi l4iiH (CA-4PI ~~~ftpJT) c0tfT L t
HUfx ME O) t ~Ixt -t 6fIJm~JJ$ (kp) (i6zAC j(ltY)
t
-ttJnt
kp = (1L L j v + - + ~fft L j v -+ - ) (ffiIXME - It J=ff(~9- 6 ME)
CftJ=ff I~-t 0 tt~ L v + - (i tt~f~ J) t I)
04866MI (J 163 kcal) 12) C L l~tplusmnl L t
tIt~HJ~IW SAS 0) GLM fo ~ -V _1 7) J I) 6z0)
-t- Tv ~ml l IT t
Y ijk =1 +ai + el +Bj+r +el
Yijk iJl11i T - 7
1 ttSj iS]
a U i O)lVJ~ Bj ftm4 j 0)gti7J~
Ik tU~AA k 0)gti1J~
el e2 I 6zblfUf ti J U 2 6z~~
t t ~~MO)5lt1J~i-)~l(i 2 6z~~~m~l F ~JE~
fi~ fQ~$SYXfO)~i5-(ifi~ampbiJ)0bO)c fG I~ ft 10 RfO) tFiiS-(itfil2ijb i J) 0 bO)cJtJ Lt
1 ~H~ll(~middotft~middot ftpx~
fiilD IJHJ1I ~~ 2 1 iF L t ijZjoJffiIIXk1 I -) ~l Ii LD IX (ti ~l li~rlSftmMrp
iJ5tc t - vtA~~ bi tllfiiiJ4tiJ Ulic-s-ft~NO)ffi
1lXtM r i- 0) J~W tHlltY) Gn -g fililIXfa9 t ~ Ii tJ b t
-1Lw I J l (iIIIJilX~a~ i N (i 17- Gn tJ b t bi -yenLfta H J ~l (j LD [2lt 0) 332 (xJ L HD IX 370 c tJ
Table 2 Effects of dietary protein degradability on milk production and composition
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Body weight (kg) 599 593 3 14 DM intake (kgday) 19 3 193 049
Roughage 66 6 7 0 05 Concentrate 12 7 126 003
Milk yield (kg day) 349 348 O 19 4 FCM yield (kgday) 31 2 332 0 38 1
Milk
Fat () 3 32 3 70 006 Fat (kgday) 1 15 1 28 002+
Protein () 309 2 97 002 Protein (kgday) 108 104 0003 SNF ( ) 8 67 8 55 002
FCM fat-corrected milk SNF Solids-not-fat + P lt O1 P lt O05 P lt OOI
I) HD ~bifi~rM ~f~ctJt fL7 1~$ tiJ
U-1L7 ~1[ttsectlUMt-)~lli ~( LD Rbi HD R
lxtL i-n-fhO12 0 04kgfi ~( rEh~ f~~FL
t 0)6W FCM-1Lt liHD Rbi~lt tJ fI1i roJcJ)
I) ~fl5[QJJT-~0$C Ii LD Rbifi~ ( rEh ~ f~~F L t
~~M 5 0 1 IIi 0) 71 Mtt b i 1pound-1L ( ampIf -t 5lt1] W r -) ~
l Erdman and VandersalP) lijijoJtE7 -I 1 i[lI J I)
9 -I1 ~0M$~~z tftmM~M5s- L t c 0 119 0 1 [t$ (i 7t~ift1 0) ~ ~Q~ -4 0) M5s- C ~ lttJ I) ~L
~ ~Ua$Ii 9 1 ft7t~iftEr J I) ~~f~ secttlt tJ7J
t c L ltD rskov G16) lifx j[ -if l v - ~ f$O) ~I=J~~4
r~17f~~1JD L t c o ~1JDWIt6 L-1Lfi FCM ~L mbiampg 2 n 0 c L Spain and Polan l S
) (i ~ t) -t- o J ~
-if l v - tfO)~l=Jft~4r17f~ ~1JD-t 0 c C~U5
$ -yenLn allJJ t-tilJilbi i1iJX1gt-t 0 c L l ~0 L t 5lt1J5fi
0) sect (iftill 14114)amp 0) illy i UIP ~ 0) fiIlnt c Iit ti J U i- 0)
~ ( ~~ ~ n 0 b 0) c J5z Gn 0 bi ~~ 0) J -j (
UIP iLqic L lffi~Ifl~t~i5- - lErJ((lfLIi -yenL 5
OJ i1J$Ii~g2 n~U5fSliftff -t oflflJD] ( J) 0 c 2
n l ~0 5) 4~ (ti ~l b ~Lm O) ~1J[J Ii 17- G n tJ
b tb i 1L5 1 ~$(LI-yenf LfUij$IifffF-t 0
c bi61f~l ~ n t
2 yentplusmnl~
~j~I t1~))HM~A 3 (F L t IdiJPlt~a~ 0) ~~~Jffffi( l rt li t~ ltY) Gh tJ b t bi 8
Anim Sci I 70 ( 10) 390-396 1999 1392
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
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Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Table 3 Effects of protein degradability on
nitrogen utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake nitrogen (g day) 566 1 5623 2 44 Feces 196 4 192 3 077
Urine 1598 1755 3 36 gt
Milk 1712 162 4 1 51 gt
R etention 38 7 321 125+ Milk Retention 209 9 194 5 231
Ratio for intake nitrogen ( )
Feces 347 34 2 O 06 Urine 28 3 312 O 49+ Milk 302 28 9 O 30+ Retention 68 5 7 022+
+ P lt01 P lt 005
fi~ Nmit~1Y) 0) CP ~iH )(t L -C -C 0) Clpound$ (j LD IX 111 HDR5107Tib IJ gtgtiIampIIT ib-gt t ~ lfJ-
0) ~~tmmiddot[ltm ~Lcpf3 J Cyt ipoundHlll- 0) ~ftfJ (j LD
IXIJ HD lgtU~ltr-c$ lt tJ QfiIo1Tib -gt t ~ t J7K rj1
- 0) ~~tFiltt~ (j LD IZ~ t ~ I -C (j Rjj IJgt I~ iliipoundj 9 Qtfi
IolTib -gt t LD 1Z(j HD IZ (~M L~~HHampST 38 g
$ ~ I IJ Ii i~mO) 41 g IJ~CP (~tFTtt 2 n fLifl e ~
fi(~ bK[thO)tFiill~~O) ~jgtZe lili[ci]mO) 154g IJ
ftrr L t L e (~tJ Q lJnamp3[O) -) t ~L cp e t~fft(~
ftrr L t ~~~1i1f~~1Il e 9 Q e LD IZ (j 2099 g
HD 1Z(j 1945 g e tJ V) jilijlZr89(~fl~~IJ~p66 ntlJi
1~~middott1U xi9 Q ncpftrr~iO)~I~ (j LD IZ
82 HD J3 83 Tib V) ~ (j~P66 ntJIJgt -gt t
HOfx~(~)i9 QII~camp Q e bKcp-O)~~~h11
~ (j HD IZIJ$ lt ~Lt J Ut~fft-O)~ftrrll~ (j
LDlZffi$ lt~Q tfiIolT ib-gtkbullcp-O)~~mTtt~~
T(jjilij~rB9(~flzifIJ~p66 ntlJi -C0)~ (j 05 (~
jgJ trc tJ IJgt -gt t 17K I~J - 0) J1~ i1+J II ~ (j iiLj IX 0) yen- il Ml c 29 8 cib V) L O)f~(l~FR 20) m 14) O) f(~Jtt L
-cAjj 1Jgt(~~~lftjIolCJ) -gt t ~ t ~Efl G20) (j ilsectiJliI
lit o) CP ~J-lJi ~LjJ-O)yenJ1rrI~ w ~tfllJll2 tt Q L e ~
t~lm L -Cf3 V) NtfR(~Jtr-cbKLj 1~~tJ=illtlliIJ~IJgt -gt t
L e b~~~O) CP ~qiW ( ~joJLll 182~183 ) IJ
R (~ N L JgtjfampJliITf) t L e ~t-jlt -c ~ I Q er
z nt
j)J0)J -) (~ 1~~To) CP fV=jmiddotililJjJliITib -gt t
L e lJjtttto) fR1 1421J e ltr UIP ~~(~ J Q iktiJillt
lMtfIlfull XIJl IJqi~I - IJt ~ I JMfAI e ~z n t L IJgt L CP
jJljiI~q~nTT ib -gt -C b 7 u 85J~fffO)~~ ij
~0)fLl1J-O)ftfJttl e UKrp-O)J1Illt1l (~Bjj G IJgt (~~~~
-g Q L e IJql(W 2 n t 3 I- Ji-=F- tB~
I )vyen - W~IlXt~poundZ 4 (~~ L t ftMi(fJ) tJ O)$t Ijgt )v-t- - (GE) iJIiPlft I jgt)v
yen- (DE) MEffiIampjH~amp (Hp66Gn1 B~ii]~~
~12 ) (~)i 9 Q ME -Jf $ (j LD IR IJ 107 HD J3 lJi
103 Tit -gt t
~~ (~f3lt Q~t I jgt )v yen - 0) jcentlf tyen (DE GE) f3 J
CY~Mf~ (MEGE) 1middotjIJijJ3O)yen-~JllT-C nfn 725
f3 J U 645 Tit fJ ~tEjt GS) 0) 636f3 J U 552
~ JJiZ G 0) 650 f3 J ( 566 e 1trlJgt tJ IJ ~ l 1ij1 T
ib -gt t I t )v yen - rn~11 r~ -J ~ I -C kt LD ~ 0) ji cp - 0) I j
)v-t- -~FrIkMIJ~gt~~ lttJ Ql3jIolTib -gt tlJi J7Kf3 J U
j e L -C 0) I jgt )v yen - m~- tJ G ( (~1)E1m (~amp
IHr66 GntJIJ -gt t tff(~xJ-g Q Ijgt )vyenmiddot-Imiddot~-J l-C
(j fLO) Ijgt)v -t- - Itt Ii LD IZIJgt gtjgttJl tJl1ol T ib
V) I jgt )v-t - ~MITUi LD IRIJflCd~~ lt tJ Qtjr6JT
it -gt t ME (~)J9 Q ~L It)v yen - L ~f1 I jgt )v -t- - (LE +
RE) O)till~ Ij LD [g 509 HD IZ 508 T ib V)amp (Hr 66GntJlJ-gtt ~t LD lZe HD[gO) ME O) 1i1f(~
)(i9 Q fIJffl~fJyen kp Ii -C hfh 0679 0681 e tJ IJ fl(j
~r66tltJIJ -gtt LO)~(Ht~rnlG8)0) 58 Moe G9)
0) 62 J V) b ~HtjiroTc ib -gt t IJ Ijgt)v yen - fIJffl ~fJ
$~~q~O)~~yenffiJffiQ~~~ lt~Qe2 n-ct
V) gt ~~O) ME ~)i9 Q LE+ RE 0) t11~f3 JCf ME
0)Ipoundi1f (~)i 9 Qfljfl~h5f]qlHtO)W~489 ) e 1t L -C riJ
IJ -gt t L e (j r~~middotftnlifO) trJflf e n~JUi 2zO) riJ 2 ~ rx L t bO) e~z Gn t
~)JiZSrt J -) (~ X~T (j It )v yen -f3 J U~~
8J~(j ~ 1ft b fflql~ ~~ L -Cf3 I) jOt(~ -J ~ -C (H F ilamp iIll T J) -gt t b 0) e 1llitIT 2 ~1 t L IJ L IILjIx ~~1 T UK I~ I
I t )vyen - ti l i llt ttl~ (j ( j tr66 nf fiiilN f1I 0) 71~t tI 0) ji l I Ij -1X ~~ lUQ o)amp ~ I T ib n (i I jgt )v
yen - ilHT(middot~ iH~~~~ Xli 2 tJ ~I b 0) e fcEh n t ~
t Tyrrell 2) (jRJJ0l 0)~lf~~ffiIlii L ttil~ iot -1L4TI j I g illi~Ig~~ HUampibt V) ME T 72 kcal O)m~
(~ -J ti tJi Q e L -C f3 V) -C 0) ~ HI ~ I -C Iill] IX 0) I jgt )v yen - til )( ~i) ~ ~JJ~ 9 Q e (11 -il iHilif-12) 0) C P ~)lt lli
(~Jtt L L~~ e L -C LD IX T 554 g HDXT 345 g
ilampJliD 1 Clef)tV) LD ~ I7Ml HD IZ lOMJ -CO)j[
Anim Sci 170 (10) 390-396 1999 1393
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
intake on energy metabolism of the dairy cow Proceedings
of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
Table 4 Effects of dietary protein degradability on energy utilization
Treatment Item SE
LD HD
Intake energy (MJday)
GE 361 7 357 7 1 51 DE 261 3 2606 069 ME 233 2 2306 099
Energy loss (kJkgo75day)
Feces 8328 812 3 4 71+
Urine 68 0 733 2 30 Methane 165 0 178 3 546 Heat production 9480 9480 2 46
Energy of produc tion (kJkg0 75 day)
Milk 805 5 8408 7 73+
Energy retention 1808 141 5 5 64 Ratio for intake GE ()
Feces 278 27 1 O 13 ~
Urine 2 3 2 4 007 Methane 55 60 017 H ea t production 31 6 31 7 005 Milk 268 281 030+ Retention 60 4 7 016
DEGE () 722 72 9 013 ME GE () 64 6 64 5 O 20 EB ME intake () 509 508 O 16 Efficiency of ME utilization for production (kp) 0679 0681 0008
GE gross energy DE digestible energy ME metabolizable energy EB LE+RE milk energy +
retaind energy MEm 04866 MJ metabolic body size kp Efficiency of utilization of ME was
derived from equation of kp=EB(ME intake-MEm)
+ P lt O1 p lt om
Ij 07 MJ day c tJ I) I )vofmiddot - OYfIJm~JJ (jli c
Amiddotv~~i-poundj JH liUjl c it -gt t 1 t tiltrtA~FTtll fil O)
l~hIIHf1Wc L nJ~-g Q C jQ( HD IxO)m14itJi
LD ~J I~ b 07 MJ day ~ ~ C C ( tJ Q tJ i ~Th bI )V-yen-fiJm ~M~( 2 lt(H~i~LtJ ~b o)c~hh t
jLto) c c tJ G Jl1lt1~]yen-t3Intt~ (j ft~NiJ O) -7 -lt
1 Pi5i~yen$i- li ltJ1tl2 Z Q c c I J -gt n[j1il~ll2 h QtJi -C O)gt(hm(j CP 7Ilti$tJi og) ~(i c fJ1Tq- Q c c 1 t lt$
x~0)~14Ti=B~ -r(j -7 ~1n7tW(fO)jily (~gj(
ItJI t )V -yen - t3 1 TlIJ~ - I t )vofmiddot - f il m ~YJfl (jll~~ i- amp Ii tH c C tJi nJjGtJc tJ -gt t L tJ L yenk~~(j 7 -shy~1iq tJi-- iJZl~lcmiddot(~it QtJi I)Vof- -7 ~1it c
Anim Sci J 70 ( LO) 390-396 L999 1394
b 1Cfi h t tI iRT c 6 -gt -r B I) OLdham 15) 0) mm I bit Q J -) I I 1 )v -yen -B J U -7 -- ~ 1 Jf O)fA~poundilttJ if L lt~ tJ Q~ffTc I~I 1 )V -yen - fIJJfjgt()J$tJf1l1~jIJ it Q
H~~-5-2hQ c c bl5Z GhQ c ctJG 2 Gampfi ~ltjTc O)oxtt i- ~fl-g Qplusmn~tJi it Q b 0) c 15 Z Gh
lt$~~~ i- msfr-g Q I it t I) ~~niJrlJ 0) fiiJ ifeBf~IH ~ -jtJ CW) i- ~t tmiddot~ b~jiQrjfi Yr a~~ijjtfElliJ1il+
giUUf I HO)~N~ 1t+5itJTi-m~ L-r~tt~t~U
~~ijjfiri1JXtl~Ciyenit~0fftyen 1IUJ~1~+L ~o~~ al~ lfI~ t L19
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
intake on energy metabolism of the dairy cow Proceedings
of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
I) Agricultural Research Council The Nutrient Requireshy
ments of Ruminant Livestock 2nd ed 78-81 Commonshy
wealth Agricultural Bureaux London 1980
2) Coppock CEo Energy nutrition and metabolism of the
lactating dairy cow Journal af Dairy Science 68 3403shy
34 10 1985
3) Erdman RA Vandersall JH Effect of rumen protein
degradability on milk yield of dairy cows in early lactation
Journal of Dairy Science 66 1873-1 880 1983
4) ~~~flse rn~iiL~I~ Wyen mIItl Iv~ 11 WiifL
t o) r Iv4middot -K~(rt B~ Epoundyenc 0W 66 374-382
1995
5) Hussein HS Jorda_n RM Fish meal as a protein supplement
in ruminant diets A review Journal of Animal Science 69
2147-2156 1991
6) fjl~ nmiddot IfImrIii~i lIJJI$tiIJ~iJ)idt~(~c L [f I) r
Tv 7 1 )v L ~ IfJ l t ~jit to J cf DIlt O)tl Hfr fE
O)fi ~i iampt~J~bJfJtW 32 39-43 1977
7) ElifIiifDMpound HiJi12i 1fIJl1fBUtti ~IfIX J)l (fI~ ~
it IJi] lrg-middot - ~nii~~ (ffi~) L t ~tt~~4iiil-J
I[ - C lt 11lf10ttA~4iiITO)~Ii~~q Lc L [ - fdE ca ~~frJf1fQ 39 41-7 3 1982
8) ~rjjbtmmiddot ~ mii1l tElj fft ~~~ffi- ii~LO)r
to Iv 4 - f-tiAt I amp (J 9 m~iMcJj[ O)W~~- t 1 v - to J cfrz~ lsect Il1f- BEeuro~~yenR 63 831-839 1992
9) Moe PW Tyrrell HF Hooven NMJr Energy balance
mesurements with corn meal and ground oats for lac tating
cow Journal of Dairy Science 56 1149-1153 1973
10) ~ 7i~f~ ilJ~fttJ~$ ~ I rJJi 191-257 280
-298 D~pound liD 1971
II ) National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of
Dairy Cattle 6th revi sed 10-20 National Academy Press
Washington DC 1988
12) J~Hf Jlt rlf ft tHfr ~ amp 1Hfi fJ ~ J Hi) H~ ~ ~L t ( 1994 l~J) 4J9~fiJir0 WJ~ 1994
13) imH7llttf 1i -$ iiI U~tH~ $If l l I fi~ h j[fr u -t- 0) leo J-Ij i l(ii~~t~riftNo 56-I 1981
I 4) m 2I Iii iIrj J)Hi IHi fHui J 1F~ i~ 8j n tJ) millt fll to J u ttfj( middot-tt (O)([ljiX ~iJIfII6)fJc~ru 42 155shy
165 1998
15) Oldham JD Protein-Energy Interre lationships in dairy
cows Journal of Dairy Science 67 bull 1090- 1114 1984
16) ltDrskov ER Reid GW Tait CAG Effect of fish meal on
the mobilization o f body energmiddot in dairy cows Animal
Production 45 345-348 1987
17 ) SAS SAS STA T z - -If - A tJ ~ 603 I ~i 569-666
SAS tfj rJJifi m J~ 1990
18) Spain IN Polan CE Watkins BA E valu a ting effects of fish
meal on milk fat yield of dairy cows Journal of Dairy
Science 78 1142-1153 1995
19) Tamminga S Nutrition managemen t of dairy cows as a
contribution to pollution control Journal of Dairy Science
75 345-357 1992
~ ~rn~~middot ~~~mmiddot~ rn~~middot ~~ ~ ~~~Kto H i$ ~riIf Ul O)tftlE BiiiIlT 2W 68 163-168
1997
21) cf EB )( I igfr ~ iNLit O)t7F- fJFnltr(ampi9fttJ))
~-~ C m1lhlihl1t 0)~~~~ II ~ffi~0W 69 620-624
1998
22 ) ~ EE~tUl IlnJ gf~Z ~Em~L iUliE~ 1I11~tO)t
~fJhl lt ht O)tftJE l3$ iEii0 W 69 697-701 1998
23) TyrreJi HF Moe PW Flatt WP Influence of excess protein
intake on energy metabolism of the dairy cow Proceedings
of the 5th Symposium on Energy Melabolism 69-72 1970
Anim Sci J 70 (10 ) 390-396 1999 1395
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396
middot JJR fv J c 7 -( iiili
Effects of Dietary Protein DegradabilUy on litrogen
and Energy Utilization of Lactating
Fuminori Yoshinori Koichiro
HIGUCHI Osamu ENISHlo and Fuminori
Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station Kamiita-machi Tokushima-ken 771-1310 Japan I Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center Chikushino-shi 818-0004 Japan
1 Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporomiddotsht 060-8589 Japan National Institute of Animal Industry Tsukuba Norin Kenkyu Danchi Ibaraki-ken 305-0901 Japan
Corresponding Fllminori NAKAI (fax +81 (0) 88-694-6211 e-mail ntrillmO~M
To determine the effects of undegraded intake (UIP) on the energy and nitrogen u tiliza tionbalance
trials were carried out with four cows The trials were conducted an open circuit
apparatus at SoC and 60 relative humidity The cows were fed on diet fish meal and brewers grain
43 UIP in CP) or soybean meal according to cross over I) The results showed no difference
(P gt005) in milk between the diets The diet fish meal and brewers grain increased the milk
but decreased milk fat percentage to the diet containing soybean meal 2) There was no difference in N intake
between the diets however LD increased the N excretion in feces N in milk and retained N of cows and decreased the
N excretion in urine to the HD 3) Energy loss in feces of the cows fed LD was than that of HD
loss in urine methane and energy metabolizability values were ahnost similar between the diets
retained in the body increased (P when cows consumed LD 4) The efficiency of utilization of
metabolizable energy for milk energy and retention energy +RE) was 68 and no difference was observed
between the diets The results of this showed that the milk content and N balance was influenced by VIP
but not the energy metabolizability and of utilization of ME for LE +RE
Animal Science Journal 70 (10) J390-J396
Key words cows Protein degradability Nitrogen balance Energy balance
Anim Sci J 70 (10) 390-396 1999 J396