THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA (Aloe barbadensis Miller) GEL ON YEASTINDUCED ALBINO RATS (Rattus Norvegicus strain Wistar)Nor Aimi Binti Mohd Shairy 0610714019Supervised by: 1) Dr drg Nur Permatasari, MS 2) dr BP Putra Suryana, SpPD Examiner: Dr. Mudjiwijono Handaru Eko, SpPA

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7.

Introduction Review of Related Literature Conceptual Framework Research Methodology Data Analysis Discussion Conclusion and Suggestion

1. INTRODUCTION

Increase in frequency Triggered by physical or chemical trauma, invading organisms, or antigen-antibody reactions Result in swelling or edema, pain ,or even cell damageINFLAMMATION

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS (STEROID & NSAID)

Reduce inflammation but have some side effects Long term usage lead to serious complication

Use as treatment and management of inflammatory conditions. Contain sterols, salicylic acid, polysaccharide, vitamin and other compounds antiinflammatory effects Not cause any unwanted side effect. ALOE VERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER)

Does Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel can reduce the paw edema on the albino rat which will be induced by yeast?

1.3.1 General ObjectiveTo prove that Aloe vera gel has the effect on the rat induced by yeast.

1.3.2 Spesific Objectives1. To prove the effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel in several dosages in reducing the paw edema volume of the rat induced by yeast. 2. To explore the dosage-response relationship between Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel and paw edema inhibition of the rat induced by yeast.

1) To support previous studies conducted on Aloe vera gel that have the effect in reducing the inflammation process. 2) Providing the knowledge on how the mechanism of inflammation that occur in human body system. 3) To provide some justification for the folkloric use of the Aloe vera gel in several communities for inflammation conditions.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

ACUTE INFLAMMATION (Local physiological response to tissue injury consist of vascular, cellular and systemic reactions) ( Rapid and early response to an injurious agent) CHRONIC (The subsequent tissue reactions following the initial response)

TREATMENT (Steroid and NSAIDs)

2.1.1 Acute Inflammation Physical agentsCAUSES

Chemical agents Microbial infections Immune reaction/hypersensitivity Foreign bodies Necrosis Rubor (redness) Color (increased heat) Tumor (edema/swelling) Dolor (pain) Functio laesa (loss of function) Vascular response (Figure 3) Cellular response

CARDINAL SIGNS

COMPONENTS

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

Vasoactive amines Arachidonic acid NO Neutrophil factors Plasma derived mediators

Figure 3 : The major local manifestations of acute inflammation, compared to normal. 1. Vascular dilation and increased blood flow (causing erythema and warmth), 2. Extravasation and deposition of plasma fluid and proteins (edema), and 3. Leukocyte emigration accumulation in the site of injury. (Robins, Cotran 2005) and

2.1.2 Chronic Inflammation Causes: follow acute inflammation or primary chronic inflammation Morphologic features: Infiltration with mononuclear cells, tissue destruction and attempts at healing by connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue Macroscopic appearance: Granulomatous inflammation, abscess, ulcer.

2.1.3 Treatment

Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Liliopsida Subclass : Liliidae Order : Liliales Family : Aloeaceae Genus : Aloe L. Species : Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Wound healing Antifungal activity Antidiabetic effects Antiinflammatory Anticancer Immunomodulatory Gastroprotective properties.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

Salicylic acid Sterols Polysaccharides Vitamins other substances

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK & HYPOTHESIS

: inhibit: inhibit

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel can reduce the paw edema on the albino rat which will be induced by yeast.

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Formula used(Lukito,1998); P(n1) 15. There are 4 groups of albino rats (n=5) consist of one positive control group (yeast induced without Aloe vera gel given, 3 dosages groups (yeast induced with Aloe vera gel given in 1%, 2% and 3%)

Research Design

True experimental design (one group pre test, post test design) aimed to know the effect of Aloe vera gel in reducing the paw edema volume on yeast-induced albino rat.

Population and samples

Methods

Research time and location

Pharmacology lab October 09 to January 10

Research variables

Independent variable: Dosage of Aloe vera gel given (1%,2%,3%) Dependent variable: Paw edema volume measured (ml) Control: Gender, age,weight,species.

Inflammation

Induced by 0.2 ml of 5% Yeast

Causes Inflammation

Aloe vera gel

Obtained from the leaf pulp or mucilage obtained from the parenchymal tissue that make up the inner portion of the leaves.

Aloe vera gel was blended without adding any water.

Effect of Aloe vera gel

Parameter: Inhibition of Paw Edema Volume

In every dosage groups (1%,2%,3%) in duration of time

Yeast-induced edema test

5. RESEARCH RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS

% of inhibition = (Vt

V0) control (Vt V0) treated x100 (Vt V0) control

The paw edema volume was calculated by subtracting the volume of the paw before the yeast was injected. The result obtained then calculated for the percentage inhibition using the formula below:-

Assumption test data 1) Normality test (p>0.05): Data were normally distributed 2) Test of Homogeneity of Variances (p>0.05): three variant of sample were homogen

One Way ANOVA Analysis (p>0.05): the paw edema volume towards three Aloe vera gel dosage were significantly different.

Post Hoc Test Tukey (LSD test) : p