Alternative Energy Alternative Energy Programs at Programs at

BradfordBradford

Tim ReinbottTim Reinbott

Outside FurnaceOutside Furnace

• Typically used Typically used 9,000 gallons of 9,000 gallons of propane for 10,000 propane for 10,000 sqft blding and sqft blding and shop when the gun shop when the gun was usedwas used

• By using Pallets By using Pallets cut that to 3,000 cut that to 3,000 gallons when gallons when pallets were usedpallets were used

New Outside FurnaceNew Outside Furnace

• Stainless SteelStainless Steel• Pallet BurnerPallet Burner

Passive Solar Passive Solar GreenhouseGreenhouse

• Aren’t all Aren’t all Greenhouses Solar?Greenhouses Solar?

• Yes, but a Passive Yes, but a Passive Solar Greenhouse Solar Greenhouse does not use an does not use an artificial heat artificial heat sourcesource– Instead water, Instead water,

concrete, or some concrete, or some other heat holding other heat holding materialmaterial

Heat SourceHeat Source

• Black 55 gallon Black 55 gallon Barrels filled with Barrels filled with waterwater

• Rule of Thumb-2.5 Rule of Thumb-2.5 gallons/ ftgallons/ ft22 of of glazing for season glazing for season extension or 5 extension or 5 gallons/ftgallons/ft22 for all for all seasonseason

Temperature During Temperature During JanuaryJanuary

Greenhouse Dailey Low and Greenhouse Dailey Low and Water High and LowWater High and Low

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55

Julian Day of the Year

Te

mp

era

ture

GH Low Water High Water Low

Passive Solar Passive Solar GreenhouseGreenhouse

Additional IdeaAdditional Idea

• South Hip Wall South Hip Wall Plastic being able Plastic being able to be rolled up and to be rolled up and downdown– Allow for cooling in Allow for cooling in

the warmer the warmer weatherweather

– Can be raised or Can be raised or lowered each daylowered each day

– Sealed down during Sealed down during the winter.the winter.

CostCost

• Lumber, fasteners, hardware, door, Lumber, fasteners, hardware, door, insulation, etc-$1619insulation, etc-$1619

• Exhaust Fan, Shutter, Thermostat, Exhaust Fan, Shutter, Thermostat, plastic, etc.-$786plastic, etc.-$786

• Concrete-$190Concrete-$190• Electric-$490Electric-$490• Water-$190Water-$190• Total-$3,275Total-$3,275

Corn Stove For Our Corn Stove For Our GreenhouseGreenhouse

• 30 x 40 ft 30 x 40 ft GreenhouseGreenhouse

Corn StoveCorn Stove

Corn StoveCorn Stove

• How Much Corn Do You Use?How Much Corn Do You Use?– In a insulated house on a cold day about In a insulated house on a cold day about

1 bushel/day1 bushel/day– On a cold night in the greenhouse about On a cold night in the greenhouse about

5-6 bushels5-6 bushels• A 30 x 96 greenhouse uses about 200 A 30 x 96 greenhouse uses about 200

gallons of propane per night when it is 15 gallons of propane per night when it is 15 degrees Fdegrees F

GreenhouseGreenhouse

Passive Heat and Air Passive Heat and Air Exchange Exchange

• Use ground heat to Use ground heat to keep the pesticide keep the pesticide storage area above storage area above freezing in the freezing in the winter and cool in winter and cool in the summer.the summer.

• Also air exchanges Also air exchanges of 6 times per hourof 6 times per hour

Part of the DNR Wind Part of the DNR Wind AnemometerAnemometer

• Wind Anemometer Wind Anemometer Project with DNRProject with DNR– Measure the wind Measure the wind

quality at 66 ft for quality at 66 ft for one yearone year

– We don’t have good We don’t have good Wind!Wind!

We are not very Windy!We are not very Windy!

BioFuels Field ProjectBioFuels Field Project

• Compare different Compare different crops for their crops for their ethanol production ethanol production capibilities.capibilities.

• From Native Warm From Native Warm Season Grasses to Season Grasses to Miscanthus, to Miscanthus, to Corn for grain and Corn for grain and stoverstover

TreatmentsTreatments

• MiscanthusMiscanthus• SwitchgrassSwitchgrass• Big BluestemBig Bluestem• IndiangrassIndiangrass• Sweet SorghumSweet Sorghum• Continuous Corn-GrainContinuous Corn-Grain• Continuous Corn-Grain Continuous Corn-Grain

and Stoverand Stover• Corn/Soybean rotation Corn/Soybean rotation

for Grainfor Grain• Tall Fescue as a Tall Fescue as a

controlcontrol

Miscanthus gigantheusMiscanthus gigantheus

Add Photos of Root Add Photos of Root Depth of Miscanthus Depth of Miscanthus

BioFuels ProjectBioFuels Project

• Examine Examine EconomicsEconomics– Nutrient RemovalNutrient Removal

• Soil PropertiesSoil Properties– If remove large If remove large

amount of biomass amount of biomass what is that going what is that going to do to soil to do to soil propertiesproperties

Diverse StandDiverse Stand

• At MU Bradford At MU Bradford Research and Research and Extension CenterExtension Center– Low Input/High Low Input/High

Diverse compared to Diverse compared to a High a High Input/MonocultureInput/Monoculture• 18 different forbs and 18 different forbs and

legumeslegumes• Switchgrass and Big Switchgrass and Big

BluestemBluestem• Cutting HeightCutting Height• Seasonal Harvests Seasonal Harvests

Depending on NeedDepending on Need

Low Input/High DiversityLow Input/High Diversity• BiofuelBiofuel

– tonnagetonnage• WildlifeWildlife

– Food sourceFood source– structurestructure

• LivestockLivestock– GrazingGrazing– HayHay– QualityQuality

• Lower the Carbon Lower the Carbon footpirntfootpirnt

A Diverse Stand in the A Diverse Stand in the SummerSummer

In the WinterIn the Winter

Fall Harvested To be Harvested in Spring

Biofuels-Mixed StandsBiofuels-Mixed Stands

Pollinators and Other Pollinators and Other Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Add Yield TableAdd Yield Table

• Forb:Grass Ratio July OctoberMarch

• Tons/acre

• 100:0 4.27 2.50 2.39• 40:60 3.40 2.94 2.58• 60:40 3.99 3.50 2.18• 80:20 3.32 2.70 2.40

Biofuels GardenBiofuels Garden

• Grasses for EthanolGrasses for Ethanol– Switchgrass, Switchgrass,

Indiangrass, Eastern Indiangrass, Eastern Gamma, Big Bluestem, Gamma, Big Bluestem, MiscanthusMiscanthus

• Grains and Sugar Grains and Sugar Crops for EthanolCrops for Ethanol– Corn, Grain Sorghum, Corn, Grain Sorghum,

Sweet Sorghum, Sugar Sweet Sorghum, Sugar Cane, Sugar BeetsCane, Sugar Beets

• Oil CropsOil Crops– Soybeans, Canola, and Soybeans, Canola, and

SunflowerSunflower

Technology Transfer Technology Transfer CenterCenter

Heated AirHeated Air

Future GoalsFuture Goals

• Wind TurbineWind Turbine– We use 12,000 kwatt/monthWe use 12,000 kwatt/month

– 10 kwatt wind turbine10 kwatt wind turbine• Cost $32,000-58,000Cost $32,000-58,000

– Produce 2,416 kwatt/monthProduce 2,416 kwatt/month– Supply 23% of our electricitySupply 23% of our electricity– 16 year to pay off with another 14 years of free 16 year to pay off with another 14 years of free

electricityelectricity

Sustainable LandscapeSustainable Landscape

MU’s Campus Dining halls generate 3,000+ gallons of

Waste Vegetable Oil annually. This WVO will be

converted into biodiesel.

An estimated 40% of all food produced in the country is discarded, according to a new federal report. Each day, every person in the U.S. puts about 1,400 calories worth of food in the garbage, according to researchers at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Food waste has increased 50% since previous estimates were made in 1974, and now totals some 150 trillion calories per year. SOURCE: CALIFORNIA EMERGENCY FOODLINK

Zero Carbon Footprint Vegetable & Compost Production SystemUniversity of Missouri Bradford Research & Education Center & MU Campus Dining

Tim Reinbott, BREC Superintendent; Eric Cartwright, MU Campus Dining; Steven Kirk, MU Division of Plant Sciences

Several large-scale composting methods exist. These include: Windrow, Aerated Windrow, Aerated Static Pile, In-Vessel, Containerized In-Vessel, Rotating Drum and Bag Systems. Variables include: cost, compost consistency, time, labor and area requirements.

The University of Missouri Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine produce 1500 tons of manure and bedding material each year. MU’s Campus Dining produces 270 tons of food waste annually.

BREC can serve as a model for similar institutions by providing a working example for alternative waste management. Food waste from Campus Dining will be collected and taken to BREC, mixed with animal manures and beddings as needed to balance any nitrogen or carbon requirements, and composted to create the optimum soil amendment to be used to grow produce that will then be sold back to Campus Dining completing the circle. In addition to the compost utilized by horticultural researchers and students to grow vegetables, excess compost can be applied to larger fields such as sweet corn, pumpkins, melons and other crops, as well as be used as a soil amendment by MU’s Landscape Services and the Mizzou Botanical Garden.

There is a growing interest in locally produced food by the general public and in our school systems. This proposed system is the

essence of Community Development, and can serve as a model of how food waste from any type of cafeteria (school, business,

institutional) can be utilized to produce a valuable commodity. Similar systems could be used to provide schools with a healthy source of

locally grown food, and provide vegetable producers with a creative way to convert so called waste materials into assets to sell at local

farmers markets and to the general public. The cost/benefits realized from not sending materials to the landfill could be substantial.

Biodiesel will power the trucks, tractors & equipment used for vegetable production as well as pick-up and delivery of food waist and produce to and from campus. Carbon Credits will be used to off-set any other energy needs for this project.

Compost FacilityCompost Facility

Food Waste+Animal Food Waste+Animal BeddingBedding

Aerated Static PileAerated Static Pile

MU StudentsMU Students

Let’s Make It Green!Let’s Make It Green!

• Campus Dining Campus Dining Goes Through Goes Through 3,000 gallons of 3,000 gallons of Waste Vegetable Waste Vegetable Oil Each Year!Oil Each Year!

Make It Into Biodiesel!Make It Into Biodiesel!

• 50 gallons every 48 50 gallons every 48 hourshours

• By product Glycerol By product Glycerol which contains which contains methanolmethanol

• Challenge to remove Challenge to remove the methanol, then the methanol, then the Glycerine can bethe Glycerine can be– CompostedComposted– BurnedBurned– Animal feedAnimal feed– Made into soapMade into soap

Are We Food Are We Food Secure?Secure?

Where Does Our Nitrogen Where Does Our Nitrogen Fertilizer Come From?Fertilizer Come From?

Simple Cover Crops!Simple Cover Crops!

Cover Crops Protect the Cover Crops Protect the Soil and Can Contribute Soil and Can Contribute

Biologically Fixed NitrogenBiologically Fixed Nitrogen

Cover Crops Combined With Cover Crops Combined With No-Till Can Provide Soil No-Till Can Provide Soil

Protection and a Source of Protection and a Source of Slow Release of Nitrogen Slow Release of Nitrogen

Polycultures of Cover Crops Polycultures of Cover Crops Even BetterEven Better

Soil Is a Living ResourceSoil Is a Living Resource

Questions?Questions?