alternative hybrid uf-sat or sat-nf treatments to upgrade ... · alternative hybrid uf-sat or...

3/4/2009

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Alternative hybrid UF-SAT or SAT-NF treatments to upgrade effluent quality

Switch, Belo Horizonte, Nov 2008, Avi Aharoni ,Mekorot

Avi AharoniMekorot, Israel National water Co.

Israel’s National Water Supply System

Israel’s National Water Supply System

Haifa

Sea of GalileeStormwater

JerusalemTel Aviv

water recharge

Switch, Belo Horizonte, Nov 2008, Avi Aharoni ,Mekorot 2

Eilat

8

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Israel’s National Water Supply

Israel’s National Water Supply

Annual Water Consumption in million m3 (m.c.m.)

73479 7051,518

14644454644

0 %

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

OthersMekorot

l

Western Galilee BasinsKinneret and

Golan Basins

Carmel Basin

Coastal BasinEastern Basins

Mountain Basin(Yarkon -Taninim)

Negev Basins


Based on 2007 figures

Total 2,062 123 1,159 880

0 %

644 44 454 1461,518 79 705 734

ResidentialIndustry AgricultureTotal

Others

MekorotArava BasinsWatershed

Water consumption and wastewater production in Israel (Mm3/Year)

(100 Mm3/Year to Jordan and Palestine)

2,062 Water SupplyWastewater

600

900

1,100

1,400

1,700

880

1,159

2,000

orot

1,

400

(68%

)

400

550

700

850

1,000

445490510

900

%%

360

%%

Wastewater


100

300

600

123Mek

o (

100

250 96%

57%

75%

91%

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The Main Water Problems in Israel

Pollution and salinization of part of the coastal aquifer due to the intensive urbanization industrialaquifer due to the intensive urbanization, industrial pollution and agriculture activities

Intensive urbanization - change from extensive to intensive wastewater treatments methods


Scarcity of natural water sources - very high effluent reuse

Dan Region WWTP and Reclamation project

140 Mcm3/year

2.0 million p.e.


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SAT basins – divided to sub-basins

Soil Aquifer TreatmentSoil Aquifer TreatmentView from a sub-basin at the beginning of the filling cycle and a soil treatment machine


Cross Section of the Soil and Aquifer under the Recharge Area Detention time: Detention time: 66--12 12 monthsmonths

Third Line lsupply area


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PROBLEMS IN THE SAT SYSTEM

During the 30 years of operation:

1. Deterioration in Recharge Capacity (OM, Temp, Rain)

2. Bio-fouling of Effluent Pipelines( Before and after SAT)

3. Mn and Fe oxides due to anaerobic conditions in part of the SAT system cause clogging problems in irrigation

t


systems

4. No more new lands are available for infiltration !!

TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES for the Mn and Fe ProblemTREATMENT ALTERNATIVES for the Mn and Fe Problem

1.shut off wells with high Mn conc’ (more than 500 ppb)ppb)

2.Flushing of the main pipe at the beginning of the irrigation season

3.Mechanical cleaning of the pipe-line (pigging)

4 Automatic control of the flooding – drying cycles


4.Automatic control of the flooding – drying cycles in SAT system to ensure aerobic conditions in the Vadose zone

5.Researches

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SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: HYBRID UF-SAT OR SAT-NF TREATMENTS

In order to improve the current extensive method (convetional SAT) and be able to infiltrate more(convetional SAT) and be able to infiltrate more effluents in a given infiltration area two EU Research projects were started in 2005-2006:

The RECLAIM project: UF- short SAT


The SWITCH project: short SAT-NF

Ultra filtration (UF) of the secondary effluents

THE RECLAIM PROJECT

Ultra-filtration (UF) of the secondary effluents

Dug Well injection at short term (up to two months).

The results from this operation were compared


p pwith the actual long - term system (up to 12 months SAT).

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RECLAIM PILOT – UF + Short SAT

Fiber filter

UV-MP100 mj

Dug Well

OW -10


UF0.01 u

OW -10 days

OW -35 days

THE RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS

UF as pretreatment to SAT: - Increasing of infiltration velocity (10 m/d instead of 1Increasing of infiltration velocity (10 m/d instead of 1 m/d in convetional SAT) - most of the polysaccharides and other clogging material were retained on the UF Short SAT (1-2 month retention time) able to remove :- all N removed- most of C (only 2-3 mg/l DOC left)


most of C (only 2 3 mg/l DOC left)- P was not removed effectively- High removal of all bacteria and viruses - In comparison to the long SAT (DOC 0.5-1 mg/l), still some micropollutants were present

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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS:DOC, COD, CODf

R3 : final short SAT -35 days retention time resultsDan 9:conventional SAT results)


RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS:NH4, P


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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS Bacterial and virus removal




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RECLAIM PROJECT RESULTS: Micropollutants

long range SAT : hardly biodegradable organiclong range SAT : hardly biodegradable organic compounds like Trimetoprim and Carbamazepin, estrogens are removed.

short SAT: partial removal


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IMPORTANCE OF SWITCH RESEARCH: TO CHECK THE PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN COMPARISON TO RECLAIM RESEARCH

An alternative Switch method :

Principle of removal of the clogging material:

* Prefiltration on a sand filter

* Extensive SAT to improve the infiltration velocity


Extensive SAT to improve the infiltration velocity

*Polishing with a nano-filter (NF) which will remove the micropollutants efficiently

SWITCH PILOT PLANT

Reclamation

well

Sec effl

SAT fields

SAND FILTER3(8X5 m2) – Infiltration 120 m3/d in one field the other two rest


reservoir

NF

filtrate

brine

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LOCATION OF THE SWITCH PILOT PLANT

The city of Rishon- Le- Tsion

SAT fieldsNF pilot


Reservoir for secondary effluents

SAND FILTER


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SAT INFILTRATION PONDS AND RECLAMATON WELL

3(8X5 m2) – Infiltration of 120 m3/d in one field the other two rest


Reclamation well

Switch pilot – status and intermediate results

Completion of 2 tracer tests (Bromide),September 2008: The first infiltration tests with sand filtered secondary effluentsfiltered secondary effluents Sand filter removal:Turbidity: 1 NTU (from 1.5-3 NTU) TSS : 1 mg/l (from 2-4 mg/l). As a result no clogging of the fields is seen even at 3-4 m/d infiltration velocity.Beginning November 2008: Analyses of the first


Beginning November 2008: Analyses of the first samples after SAT to check if the polysaccharides and other clogging material had been retained by the sand filter and the short SATNovember 2008: Operation of the NF membrane

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SWITCH, TRACER TEST


The SWITCH PROJECT results till now compared to the conventionl SAT and RECLAIM

Retention time in aquifer before

Expected final effluent

The process The method Infiltration rate pumping quality

Conventional SAT1 day infiltration 2 days relaxation 1 m/d 6-12 months

DOC 0.5-1 mg/l, no bacteria and viruses, most micropollutants removed

UF-Short SATUF prefiltration and short SAT 10 m/d 1-2 month

DOC 2-3 mg/l, no bacteria and viruses, some hardly biodeg. micropollutants not removed


Short SAT-NF

Sand filter prefiltration, short SAT, NF 3-4 m/d 1-2 month

Final quality after NF expected to be like conventional SAT (not completed yet)

alternative hybrid uf-sat or sat-nf treatments to upgrade ... · alternative hybrid uf-sat or...

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