alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

17
Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge, Alberta Bob Blackshaw

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Page 1: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, Alberta

Bob Blackshaw

Page 2: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Background

§ Canadian government has the goal of 2% biodiesel by 2012 § Recycled oils and animal fats will not be sufficient to

meet this goal§ Oils from crops will be required to meet biodiesel

feedstock needs§ Oils can be imported (e.g. palm oil) but it is preferable

that we grow and produce our own plant oils

Page 3: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Background

§ Soybean in eastern Canada and canola in western Canada are our most likely choices§ However these crops have competing food-

related uses and can be prohibitively expensive for biodiesel use – feedstock acquisition can be 85% of biodiesel productions costs§ Are there other oilseed crops for biodiesel or other

industrial uses that are suitable for production on the Canadian prairies?

Page 4: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Materials and Methods§ Crops:

– Napus canola (Invigor 5440)– Rapa canola (ACS-C7)– Juncea canola (Xceed 7784)– Ethiopian mustard (common seed)– Oriental mustard (Cutlass)– Yellow mustard (Andante)– Camelina (Calena)– Flax (CDC Bethune)– RR soybean (LS0036RR)– Soybean (OAC Prudence)

Page 5: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Materials and Methods

§ Conducted at Lethbridge, Swift Current, Scott, Indian Head and Morden in 2008 and 2009§ Crop establishment, maturity, grain yield,

oil yield§ Biodiesel conversion (Olds College) § Biodiesel quality tests (Alberta Innovates –

Technology Futures)

Page 6: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Camelina – Camelina sativa

Page 7: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Ethiopian mustard – Brassica carinata

Page 8: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Juncea canola – Brassica juncea

Page 9: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

RR soybean – LS0036RR

Page 10: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Conventional soybean – OAC Prudence

Page 11: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Days to maturity - Lethbridge

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

9887

100102909095

108119124

10894

10611598

10098

112121126

2008 2009______________________________

______________________________**Lethbridge 30-year mean is 122 frost-free days

Page 12: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Yield (kg/ha) - Lethbridge

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

2850 2630 3020 1700 332031904150215016701440

4040238036803070353023902120211015701960

2008 2009______________________________

______________________________*Continuously hot in July, 2008**1000 kg/ha = 18 bushels/acre for all crops except flax and soybean

Page 13: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Yield (kg/ha) - Morden

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

1730 1710 1530 1290 167013301850208020101890

1890152015501000148012201580242026202480

2008 2009______________________________

______________________________

Page 14: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Oil concentration over all sites

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

46454538423042452018

%______________________

______________________

Page 15: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Oil yield (kg/ha) - Lethbridge

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

126011601210570

1290810

1690990320270

17801080153010801420650900930290310

2008 2009______________________________

______________________________

Page 16: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Biodiesel quality

Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean

4.14.04.34.64.93.50.60.31.91.7

1111431241521691481271209499

Oxidationstability

Filtertime_________________________________

_________________________________

-1.7-4.60.37.11.01.32.4

-3.42.22.9

Cloudpoint

hours* seconds** -- C --

*Oxidation stability should be greater than 3 hours**Filter time should be less than 200 seconds

Page 17: Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock

Conclusions

§ Napus canola was among the best performing crops in 5 of 9 site-years § Number of site-years (out of 9) that crops attained

similar or greater oil yields compared to napus canola:– Camelina – 5– Flax – 3– Rapa canola – 3– Oriental mustard – 2– Juncea canola - 1

§ Oils of all crops would meet biodiesel quality standards