alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock
TRANSCRIPT
Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock
Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, Alberta
Bob Blackshaw
Background
§ Canadian government has the goal of 2% biodiesel by 2012 § Recycled oils and animal fats will not be sufficient to
meet this goal§ Oils from crops will be required to meet biodiesel
feedstock needs§ Oils can be imported (e.g. palm oil) but it is preferable
that we grow and produce our own plant oils
Background
§ Soybean in eastern Canada and canola in western Canada are our most likely choices§ However these crops have competing food-
related uses and can be prohibitively expensive for biodiesel use – feedstock acquisition can be 85% of biodiesel productions costs§ Are there other oilseed crops for biodiesel or other
industrial uses that are suitable for production on the Canadian prairies?
Materials and Methods§ Crops:
– Napus canola (Invigor 5440)– Rapa canola (ACS-C7)– Juncea canola (Xceed 7784)– Ethiopian mustard (common seed)– Oriental mustard (Cutlass)– Yellow mustard (Andante)– Camelina (Calena)– Flax (CDC Bethune)– RR soybean (LS0036RR)– Soybean (OAC Prudence)
Materials and Methods
§ Conducted at Lethbridge, Swift Current, Scott, Indian Head and Morden in 2008 and 2009§ Crop establishment, maturity, grain yield,
oil yield§ Biodiesel conversion (Olds College) § Biodiesel quality tests (Alberta Innovates –
Technology Futures)
Camelina – Camelina sativa
Ethiopian mustard – Brassica carinata
Juncea canola – Brassica juncea
RR soybean – LS0036RR
Conventional soybean – OAC Prudence
Days to maturity - Lethbridge
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
9887
100102909095
108119124
10894
10611598
10098
112121126
2008 2009______________________________
______________________________**Lethbridge 30-year mean is 122 frost-free days
Yield (kg/ha) - Lethbridge
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
2850 2630 3020 1700 332031904150215016701440
4040238036803070353023902120211015701960
2008 2009______________________________
______________________________*Continuously hot in July, 2008**1000 kg/ha = 18 bushels/acre for all crops except flax and soybean
Yield (kg/ha) - Morden
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
1730 1710 1530 1290 167013301850208020101890
1890152015501000148012201580242026202480
2008 2009______________________________
______________________________
Oil concentration over all sites
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
46454538423042452018
%______________________
______________________
Oil yield (kg/ha) - Lethbridge
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
126011601210570
1290810
1690990320270
17801080153010801420650900930290310
2008 2009______________________________
______________________________
Biodiesel quality
Napus canolaRapa canolaJuncea canolaEthiopian mustardOriental mustardYellow mustardCamelinaFlaxRR soybeanSoybean
4.14.04.34.64.93.50.60.31.91.7
1111431241521691481271209499
Oxidationstability
Filtertime_________________________________
_________________________________
-1.7-4.60.37.11.01.32.4
-3.42.22.9
Cloudpoint
hours* seconds** -- C --
*Oxidation stability should be greater than 3 hours**Filter time should be less than 200 seconds
Conclusions
§ Napus canola was among the best performing crops in 5 of 9 site-years § Number of site-years (out of 9) that crops attained
similar or greater oil yields compared to napus canola:– Camelina – 5– Flax – 3– Rapa canola – 3– Oriental mustard – 2– Juncea canola - 1
§ Oils of all crops would meet biodiesel quality standards