Alternative Sources of Energy

By: JP Lester B. Delarmente

The Continuation

Hydropower

• Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Rain or melted snow, usually originating in hills and mountains, create streams and rivers that eventually run to the ocean.

• Ancient Greeks have used water wheels to grind wheat into flour.

Image source: http://peakwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/hydropower1.jpg

Hydropower

• First hydroelectric power plant was built at Niagara Falls in 1879.

• Hydroelectric power provides almost one-fifth of the world's electricity.

• Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today.

Types of Hydropower

1. Impoundment - An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. The water may be released either to meet changing electricity needs or to maintain a constant reservoir level.

Types of Hydropower2. Diversion - sometimes called run-of-river, facility

channels a portion of a river through a canal or penstock. It may not require the use of a dam.

3. Pumped Storage - When the demand for electricity is low, a pumped storage facility stores energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. During periods of high electrical demand, the water is released back to the lower reservoir to generate electricity.

Tidal Power• It is a form of hydropower that converts

energy of the tides into electricity or other useful forms of matter.

• Tidal energy is therefore an entirely predictable form of renewable energy, which can be harnessed in two forms:

Image source: http://www.pfr.co.uk/image-library/PfR-Main-Site/iStock_000003310838XSmall.jpg

Tidal Range• It is the vertical difference in height between

the high tide and the succeeding low tide.• Artificial tidal barrages or lagoons may be

constructed to capture the tide.

Image source: http://www.merseyreporter.com/cms-photos/tide-range-1.png

The Rance Tidal Power Station in France.Image source: http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-math/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Barrage_de_la_Rance.jpg

Tidal Stream• Tidal Stream is the flow of water as the tide

ebbs and floods, and manifests itself as tidal current.

• Tidal Stream devices seek to extract energy from this kinetic movement of water, much as wind turbines extract energy from the movement of air.

Image source: http://www.emerald-energy.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Hydrodynamic.jpg

Wind power

• It is the process by which the wind is used to generate electricity or mechanical power.

• Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

• Farmers once used windmills to grind their grains and pump water.

• Today, more and more people are using wind turbines to wring electricity from the breeze.

Image source: http://conserve-energy-future.com/Images/WindEnergy_Disadvantages.jpg

Wind powerWind power

• Wind energy production is growing rapidly because construction of wind generators is cheaper than building new fossil fuel-fired power plants.

• Worldwide, wind is the fastest growing energy source and many countries are rapidly investing in new wind farms.

Kinds of Wind Turbines

Vertical Axis Wind

Turbines

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Kinds Of Wind Turbines

1. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines – turbines look like a giant egg beater to harness wind energy.

2. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines – turbines look like giant propellers of a plane. It is the most commonly used turbines.

Biomass Energy

• The term "biomass" refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of photosynthesis.

• It exists in one form as plants and may be transferred through the food chain to animals' bodies and their wastes, all of which can be converted for everyday human use through processes such as combustion, which releases the carbon dioxide stored in the plant material.

Image source: http://wastetoenergysystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Biomass_Main.jpg

• Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades, second only to hydropower in the generation of electricity.

Biomass Energy

Advantages of Renewable Energy

1. Renewable energy is, well, renewable.2. Environmental Benefits3. Reliable energy resource4. Economic benefits5. Stabilize energy prices

Disadvantages of Renewable Energy

1. Reliability of Supply2. Difficult to Generate in Large Quantity3. Large Capital Cost4. Large Tracts of Land is Required

Question

What is the fastest growing energy source in the 21st century?

Question

What is the most abundant renewable energy resource?

Question

Where was the first hydroelectric power built?

Summary: Renewables

What is he purpose of having these renewable energy resources?

What do you think is the quickest and the most effective way to decrease energy consumption and to prolong the availability of fossil fuels?

References: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment

/global-warming/hydropower-profile/ http://www.tidalenergyltd.com/?page_id=1370 http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/wind/# http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/enviro

nment/global-warming/wind-power-profile/ http://

www.conserve-energy-future.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-renewable-energy.php

http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/biomass.html