Alternative Sources of Energy and The Global Community

Alternative Sources of Energy and The Global Community

kuranaka09, snakamoto09, kflee09, schen09

Water PowerWater Power

What is it?What is it? Hydroelectric Power StationsHydroelectric Power Stations

Eg. Eg. River power plants, storage power plants, pumped River power plants, storage power plants, pumped storage power plants, tidal power stations, wave power storage power plants, tidal power stations, wave power stations stations

Water Power

River Power Plant DamRiver Power Plant Dam

How it Works… How it Works…

General layout of Hydropower Plants General layout of Hydropower Plants

How it Works ContinuedHow it Works Continued

• Wave Power StationWave Power Station

• Tidal Power StationTidal Power Station

Environmental ImpactPros

– Low-cost energy– No harmful emissions or CO2

– Hydropower: 95% efficiency

Cons– Not major option– Reservoir effects– Tidal Power

• Hawaii– Tidal Power– Wave Power

• Around the World– Supplementary– Dams/Ocean

Wind PowerWind PowerWind PowerWind Power

•Blades collect the wind’s kinetic energy

•The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity.

•The wind flows over the shaped blades causing lift, causing them to turn

How it works…How it

works…

Vertical/HorizontalVertical/Horizontal

•2-3 blades

•Closer to ground level

•Slower speeds

•Propeller-type rotor

•Liner-type air movement

•popular

•Clean energy source; renewable energy source

•Does not produce air or water pollution, no fuel burned

ProsPros

•Clearing of wooded areas

•Birds killed by wind turbine; one bird is killed per turbine per year; 10 million per year are killed by cars alone

•Aesthetics

ConsCons

HawaiiHawaiiHawaiiHawaii•Lalamilo Kohala, Big Island

•Kama’ao South Point, Big Island

•Hawi Upolu Point, Big Island

•Kaheawa Pastures Ukumehame, Maui

•Kahe Ridge Nanakuli, Oahu

•Ultimate wind production increasing

WorldWorldWorldWorld

Solar PowerSolar Power

3 Ways Solar Power is Used Solar Cells (photovoltaic cells) Solar Water Heating Solar Furnaces Also considering building solar towers

3 Ways Solar Power is Used Solar Cells (photovoltaic cells) Solar Water Heating Solar Furnaces Also considering building solar towers

How it works…How it works…How it works…How it works…

ProsPros Does not require fuel Does not produce waste or

pollution Renewable energy source

Does not require fuel Does not produce waste or

pollution Renewable energy source

ConsConsneeds a very large area of solar panels to collect a useful amount of power does not work at nightWeather conditionsexpensive to build solar power stations

HawaiiHawaii

highest electricity prices in the nation

state increased credit for single-family residential PV systems to $5,000 while commercial photovoltaics are now $500,000

one of most successful solar water heating programs in nation

85 MW Solar Energy in Big Island, Maui, and Oahu

highest electricity prices in the nation

state increased credit for single-family residential PV systems to $5,000 while commercial photovoltaics are now $500,000

one of most successful solar water heating programs in nation

85 MW Solar Energy in Big Island, Maui, and Oahu

Around the World…Around the World…

Worldwide production reached 1.46 Gigawatts in 2005, and is doubling every 3 years

Has been increased interest in solar energy; numerous countries are considering idea

Worldwide production reached 1.46 Gigawatts in 2005, and is doubling every 3 years

Has been increased interest in solar energy; numerous countries are considering idea

Biomass EnergyBiomass Energy

HOW ENERGY EXTRACTED

Thermochemical

Biochemical

Chemical

Biomass is matter thought of as “garbage.” includes paper products that cannot be recycled into other

paper products and normal household waste that is sent to the dump

Biomass is matter thought of as “garbage.” includes paper products that cannot be recycled into other

paper products and normal household waste that is sent to the dump

How it Works…How it Works…

ProsPros serves as fertilizer for replanting improves air quality; reduces improves air quality; reduces

pollution pollution improves water quality improves water quality reduce dependence on oil

serves as fertilizer for replanting improves air quality; reduces improves air quality; reduces

pollution pollution improves water quality improves water quality reduce dependence on oil

could cause global warmingcould cause global warming could cause global warmingcould cause global warming

ConsCons

HawaiiHawaii

does not have a fuel plantdoes not have a fuel plant does not have a fuel plantdoes not have a fuel plant

source of renewable energy in Hawaii source of renewable energy in Hawaii source of renewable energy in Hawaii source of renewable energy in Hawaii

but Department of but Department of Business and Economic Business and Economic Development and Development and Tourism completes Tourism completes assessments of the assessments of the different biomass energy different biomass energy resourcesresources

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

How it Works…

releases energy so work can be accomplished: propulsion, heat, generation of electricity

U-235 is so concentrated that nuclear fission occurs—uranium enriched so contains 2-3% or more of U-235

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

require less fuel require less fuel does not release contaminants into does not release contaminants into

environment when well operatedenvironment when well operated emits little or no carbon dioxideemits little or no carbon dioxide nuclear technology already nuclear technology already

available; does not require available; does not require development first in order to development first in order to proceed proceed

high amounts of energy; high amounts of energy; a ton of uranium produces energy greater than the energy produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil

require less fuel require less fuel does not release contaminants into does not release contaminants into

environment when well operatedenvironment when well operated emits little or no carbon dioxideemits little or no carbon dioxide nuclear technology already nuclear technology already

available; does not require available; does not require development first in order to development first in order to proceed proceed

high amounts of energy; high amounts of energy; a ton of uranium produces energy greater than the energy produced by several million tons of coal or several million barrels of oil

ProsPros radioactive contamination use nuclear energy for

proliferation of nuclear weapons possibility if nuclear reactor

undergoes meltdown waste disposal problems reactors not long lasting could become targets for sabotage,

terrorist attacks limited resources take long time to build many

plants

radioactive contamination use nuclear energy for

proliferation of nuclear weapons possibility if nuclear reactor

undergoes meltdown waste disposal problems reactors not long lasting could become targets for sabotage,

terrorist attacks limited resources take long time to build many

plants

ConsCons

Around the WorldAround the World

January 2007: 30 countries operating 435 nuclear reactors for electricity

30 new plants under construction in 12 countries

North Korea and Iran

January 2007: 30 countries operating 435 nuclear reactors for electricity

30 new plants under construction in 12 countries

North Korea and Iran

Hydrogen GasHydrogen Gas

Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

http://www.heco.com/vcmcontent/FileScan/PDFConvert/giovanni.pdfhttp://state.hi.us/dbedt/ert/wwg/history.htmlhttp://www.power-technology.com/projects/hawaii/http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/wind.htmlhttp://www.solcomhouse.com/windpower.htmhttp://www.telosnet.com/wind/future.htmlhttp://www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=11http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/solar.htmhttp://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-As/Alternative-Energy-Sources.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://www.forsolar.org/?q=node/4http://www.hawaiisenergyfuture.comhttp://lomaprieta.sierraclub.org/greenpower/renewabletech.htm#Geothermalhttp://www.nei.org/http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.htmlhttp://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/images/MarineTurbines.jpghttp://earthsci.org/mineral/energy/hydro/hydroplant-animate.gifhttp://img.search.com/thumb/a/a4/Water_turbine.jpg/260px-Water_turbine.jpg

Bibliography

http://www.navitron.org.uk/Dam.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_powerhttp://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/technology/alternative_energy/water/index.shtmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/26366/text/alternative/otec.htmlhttp:// www.rise.org.au/info/Tech/geo/index.htmlhttp:// www.gcse.comhttp:// www.flyaway.canalblog.comhttp:// www.worldchanging.comhttp:// www.ecolo.orghttp:// www.energy.iastate.eduhttp:// www.scienceacross.orghttp:// www.hawaii-county.comhttp:// www.mccullagh.orghttp:// www.liv.ac.ukhttp:// www.alternate-energy-sources.comhttp:// www.theage.com.auhttp:// www.csusm.eduhttp:// www.art.com

Bibliography

• “Chapter 10: biomass energy.” Energy Story. April, 22, 2002. California Energy Commission. March 26, 2007 http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html#table

• “How Biomass Works.” Clean Energy. 8/26/06. Union of Concerned Scientists. March 26, 2007 http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/renewable_energy_basics/offmen-how- biomass-energy-works.html#Converting_Biomass_to_Energy

• Planet Power Energy and the Environment. Common Purpose Institute. March 26, 2007 http://www.treepower.org

• “Biomass Resources for Hydrogen Production via Gasification.”    University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. December 9 2004. Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. March 26, 2007 http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu/bio.assess.asp

• “Hydrogen.” Energy Information. December 2006. National Energy Education Development Project. March 27, 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/IntermediateHydrogen.html

• “Hydrogen Facts.” Consumer Energy Council of America Leadership on Essential Services for Consumers. 2000. Consumer Energy Council of America. March 27, 2007. http://www.cecarf.org/Programs/Fuels/Fuelfacts/HydrogenFacts.html

Bibliography