alternative work arrangements.ppt

BZUPAGES.COMBZUPAGES.COM


Fatima zainFatima zainbit-08-51bit-08-51

presented to :Sir Ahmed presented to :Sir Ahmed Tisman PashaTisman Pasha


Alternative Work ArrangementsAlternative Work Arrangements

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements .alter work arrangements .


FlextimeFlextime

A work schedule with variable starting and A work schedule with variable starting and ending times, within limits set by one’s ending times, within limits set by one’s manager.manager.

Employees still work the same number of Employees still work the same number of scheduled hours as they would under a scheduled hours as they would under a traditional arrangements.traditional arrangements.


Cont……..Cont……..

Today organizations in several countries are Today organizations in several countries are offering flextime options to their offering flextime options to their employees because of the benefits it employees because of the benefits it offers.offers.

Flexibility has enhanced the bottom line .Flexibility has enhanced the bottom line .


Example…Example…

IBM has made flexibility “a business imperative.” IBM has made flexibility “a business imperative.” both men and women to work from home and both men and women to work from home and are better able to response to customers’ need are better able to response to customers’ need and gain control of their lives, leading to superior and gain control of their lives, leading to superior performance. 42% of the people working are performance. 42% of the people working are Mobile workers .Mobile workers .

Furthermore, staff surveys shows that personal Furthermore, staff surveys shows that personal productivity and effectiveness has improved productivity and effectiveness has improved significantly.significantly.


Advantages Advantages

Most of the performance stacks up Most of the performance stacks up favorably .favorably .

It reduces absenteeism and frequently It reduces absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity.improves worker productivity.

Employees can schedule their work hours Employees can schedule their work hours to align with personal demands, which to align with personal demands, which also reduces tardiness and absence.also reduces tardiness and absence.


DrawbacksDrawbacks

But it also has some drawbacks:But it also has some drawbacks: Major drawback is ; it is not applicable for Major drawback is ; it is not applicable for

every job.every job.Works where employee interaction with Works where employee interaction with

people outside the department is limited.people outside the department is limited.Not a viable option for receptionist ,sales Not a viable option for receptionist ,sales

person or similar job for comprehensive person or similar job for comprehensive service required.service required.


An arrangement in An arrangement in which two or more part-time employees which two or more part-time employees shares the responsibilities of one full-time shares the responsibilities of one full-time at a pro-rate salary.at a pro-rate salary.


Job sharingJob sharing

In other words ,two or more persons splits In other words ,two or more persons splits a 40-hour-a week job.a 40-hour-a week job.

For example ,one person might perform the For example ,one person might perform the job from 8 am to noon, while another job from 8 am to noon, while another performs the same job from 1pm to 5 pm performs the same job from 1pm to 5 pm or the two could work full , but alternate or the two could work full , but alternate days .days .


Cont….Cont….

About 31% of large organizations are offer About 31% of large organizations are offer job sharing to their employees. But it does job sharing to their employees. But it does not seems to be widely adapted by not seems to be widely adapted by employees because of difficulty in finding employees because of difficulty in finding the compatible partners to share a job and the compatible partners to share a job and the negative perceptions of individuals not the negative perceptions of individuals not completely committed to their job and completely committed to their job and employer. employer.


Advantages Advantages

It allows an organization to draw on the It allows an organization to draw on the talents of more than one individual a talents of more than one individual a given job.given job.

It seems as a potentially humanitarian It seems as a potentially humanitarian means for avoiding layoffs due to over means for avoiding layoffs due to over standing.standing.

it increases flexibility, motivation and it increases flexibility, motivation and satisfaction.satisfaction.


Drawback Drawback

It’s drawback is from management It’s drawback is from management perspective is finding compatible pairs of perspective is finding compatible pairs of employees who can successfully co-employees who can successfully co-ordinate the intricacies of one job.ordinate the intricacies of one job.


Telecommuting Telecommuting

Regularly work at Regularly work at home or at an home or at an alternative worksite alternative worksite during port or all of a during port or all of a work schedule.work schedule.


It might be close to the ideal job for many It might be close to the ideal job for many people.people.

No commuting, flexibility hours, freedom to No commuting, flexibility hours, freedom to dress ,few or no interruptions from dress ,few or no interruptions from colleagues.colleagues.

A closely related term “virtual office” used A closely related term “virtual office” used for these people.for these people.


CategoriesCategories

Three categories of telecommuting job:Three categories of telecommuting job:

Routine information-handling taskRoutine information-handling taskMobile activitiesMobile activitiesProfessional and other knowledge-related Professional and other knowledge-related

taskstasks


TelecommutingTelecommuting

Advantages Advantages larger labor poollarger labor pool Higher productivityHigher productivityLess turnoverLess turnover Improved moraleImproved moraleReduced office-Reduced office-

space costspace cost

Disadvantages Disadvantages less direct less direct

supervision of supervision of employeesemployees

Difficult to co-Difficult to co-ordinate teamworkordinate teamwork


Ability & OpportunityAbility & Opportunity

A way of thinking employees performance A way of thinking employees performance is as a function (f) of the interaction of is as a function (f) of the interaction of ability (A) and motivation (M) that is ability (A) and motivation (M) that is performance=f(A x M).we need to add performance=f(A x M).we need to add opportunity to perform (O) to our eq. opportunity to perform (O) to our eq. performance=(A x M x O).performance=(A x M x O).


Cont…Cont…

Why an employee not performing well ?Why an employee not performing well ? Does an employee have adequate tools, Does an employee have adequate tools,

equipments, materials and supplies ?equipments, materials and supplies ? Dose the employee have favorable working Dose the employee have favorable working

conditions ,helpful coworkers ,supportive work conditions ,helpful coworkers ,supportive work rules and procedures ?rules and procedures ?

if not , performance will suffer !!if not , performance will suffer !!


Employee Involvement Employee Involvement

A participative process that uses the input A participative process that uses the input of employees and is intended to increase of employees and is intended to increase employee commitment to an employee commitment to an organization’s success.organization’s success.

If we involve workers in the decision that If we involve workers in the decision that affect and increase their autonomy and affect and increase their autonomy and control over their work lives, employees control over their work lives, employees become more motivated, productive and become more motivated, productive and satisfied. satisfied.


Cont….Cont….

Three major forms of employee Three major forms of employee involvement are :involvement are :

Participative ManagementParticipative Management Representative ParticipationRepresentative Participation Quality CirclesQuality Circles


Participative ManagementParticipative Management

A process in which subordinates share a A process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors.power with their immediate superiors.


Representative ParticipationRepresentative Participation

A system in which workers participate in A system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees. small group of representative employees.


Two forms of representative participation are:

Works Councils

Board Representatives


Works Councils

Works councils are groups of nominated or elected employees who must be consulted when management makes decisions involving personnel.


Board Representatives

Board representatives are employees who sit on a company’s board of directors and represent the interests of the firm’s employees.


Quality CirclesQuality Circles

A work group of employees who meet A work group of employees who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems, regularly to discuss their quality problems, investigate causes, recommend solutions, investigate causes, recommend solutions, and take corrective actions.and take corrective actions.


Thanks !

alternative work arrangements.ppt

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