ALTERNATIVE/COMPUTER ACCESS AND THE WRITING PROCESS

Professional Development Session

Region 4 ESC

1/15/2013

Blaise Mladenka / Lynn Guthrie

Session resources

Handouts (hard copy for quick reference)

A Wikispace with all documents relating to this presentation :“Alternative Computer Access and the Writing Process” @http://specializededtechsupport.wikispaces.com/

Includes:Presentation notesHandout materials“How to…” GuidesLinks to Internet ResourcesAdditional Resource documentsReferences

Emergent literacy … the developmental stages of writing

Spelling Stages

Writing Skills

The Writing Process (an overview)

Stages in the Writing Process

Emergent Literacy Writing Domain TEA’s Prekindergarten Guidelines (PDF, pg 78)

Random scribbling (15 months To 2.5 years)

Controlled Scribbling (2 to 3 years)

Lines and Patterns (2.5.to 3.5 years)

Pictures of objects and people (3 to 5 years)

Letter and word practice (3 to 5 years)

Early Writing Stages:

Hogan, Kathy Scribbles, Drawings, & Invented Spelling; The Journey to Becoming a Writer Presented at the Reading & Writing Conference, Region 4 ESC November 10, 2012

Spelling Development

Prephonemic/preliterate - random letters or streams (zxcv =team)

Early Phonemic - one consonant sound or equivalent prominent in the word (t = team)

Consonant frame – 2 to 3 of the prominent consonants (K / early 1st) (tm = team)

Phonetic - each sound is represented with a letter. (1st grade) (tem, tim = team)

Transitional - incorrect spellings that apply standard English spelling conventions (2nd grade) (teem, teme = team)

Conventional – correct spelling (team)DeCoste, Denise “Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012Citing Ferroli and Shanahan (1987) “Spelling Stages”

Spelling Development

Within-word patterns - spell short vowel sounds correctly and some long vowel combinations2nd to 4th grade(teme, teem = team)

Syllable juncture – single syllable words are spelled with correct vowels patterns; working on unstressed syllables in words3rd to 8th grade (hopeing = hoping; sampul – sample; squirle = squirrel)

Derivational constancy – students understand that words are derived from the same root and apply this to spelling Middle school into adulthood Compasition = compose/composition; confedence = confide/confidence

DeCoste, Denise “Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012Citing Templeton (2002) “Within-word Patterns”

(Refer to the “Texas Essential Knowledge of Skills for Writing (a checklist of TEKS K – 12)” in the Internet Resources document for a link to the document)

Texas Essential Knowledge of Skills for Writing

• Penmanship/Capitalization/Punctuation

• Purpose

• Writing Processes

• Spelling

• Grammar/Usage

• Evaluation

• Connections

http://www.texasat.net/docs/Writing_TEKS%20Effective%20Writing%20Instruction.pdf

Texas Essential Knowledge of Skills for Writing (a K – 12 checklist)

(As posted in the Writing Module on the TATN website)

TEA’s Writing Process Stages

http://www.texasat.net/docs/Writing%20Process%20Stages.pdf

(As posted in the Writing Module on the TATN website)

The value of informal assessments for writing (in the context of bilingual education) … and some considerations in doing so

Assessment

Discussions of Standardized Vs. Informal testing

Samples of structured and unstructured informal assessments

Ideas on how to proceed

( Refer to the Internet Resources document for a link to this article)

 Informal Assessment In Educational Evaluation

available @ http://www.finchpark.com/courses/assess/informal.htm

To determine where a student is in the writing process:• Teacher/parent surveys

• Therapist observations

• Typical work samples

• Comparisons to previewed checklists

• Formal skills checklists

Additional sources that be helpful:

The Bridge AssessmentEvaluation Tool of Children’s HandwritingWritten Productivity Profile (WWP

Referenced in the Internet Resources or Vendor’s List documents

Practice with the Written Productivity Profile (WPP)

A “complete” writing profile includes:

1. Handwriting speed across 4 tasks

2. Keyboarding speed across 4 tasks

3. Spelling development

4. The ability to compose based on writing traits• Ideas• Organization• Word choice• Voice• Sentence fluency• Conventions

DeCoste, Denise “Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012

Writing TasksTimed for letters / words per minute

Alphabet

Copying from a model

Writing from dictation

Independent composition

Handwriting and keyboard development

Students still need handwriting for many tasks.

Difficulties with handwriting lead children to avoid writing / see selves as less competent.

Both handwriting and computer skills are needed.

Lower marks are sometimes assigned to students w/ poor handwriting.

Some students feel socially isolated and bullied.

Based on research compiled by Denise DeCoste“Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012

Research findings shared:

4th graders with and without LD take longer to type than write by hand.

Around 5th grade, handwriting speeds (average) 10 WPM.

Keyboarding speeds without explicit keyboarding instruction is slower that handwriting speeds in elementary (2 years behind).

Handwriting quality is not related to keyboarding baseline… students still learn keyboarding at the same rate.

Special education students had lower baselines, but acquired skills at the same rate as non-special education students.

With instruction, 5th and 6th graders progress faster than 3rd and 4th graders.

Based on research compiled by Denise DeCoste“Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012

6th graders, after 12 weeks of instruction were faster keyboarding than handwriting; even the 20 slowest produced 75% more text with keyboarding than handwriting.

Students receiving 8 weeks of 20 minutes / day resulted in keyboarding at the same rate as handwriting.

Students produced longer and better essays after keyboarding became comparable to handwriting speeds.

Based on research compiled by Denise DeCoste“Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012

Based on research compiled by Denise DeCoste“Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012

Keyboarding is not always practical• if the student does not retain the ability to quickly locate keys.• if handwriting is still faster after significant keyboarding practice.

Keyboarding is appropriate• If handwriting is too difficult or illegible.• If keyboarding speed is faster than handwriting speed.

Keyboarding training should begin in 3rd grade.

Keyboarding is not necessarily a solution when written languageand / or spelling deficits are major issues.

When handwriting and keyboarding are adequate efforts should focuson developing needed language / spelling skills.

Keyboarding alone will not overcome a student’s lack of ability in theseareas, though it can provide an efficient means of editing.

So when should we recommend keyboarding Vs. handwriting

Should we “qualify” when keyboarding should be allowedi.e., which tasks?

What factors might determine which to emphasize?

And then …there is voice to text writing….

(voice recognition software)

When do we go there?

And why?

And why not?

“Scribbles, Drawing, and Invented Spelling: The Journey to Becoming a Writer”

• Especially good resource regarding organizing the writing environment and noting the steps in guided writing

• Does not address adaptations for students who need “alternative pencils”

Some points re writing environments:• A meeting area• A writing center• Writing conference area• The publishing area• Literacy enriched play centers

Some points re Routines• Mini-lessons (mentor texts/ modeled writing/interactive writing / graphic organizers/writing samples)• Uninterrupted writing time• Author’s chair• Writing routines (morning message/daily news/show-n-tell / message

boards)Kathy Hogan “Scribbles, Drawings, & Invented Spelling; The Journey to Becoming a Writer” Presented at the Reading & Writing Conference, Region 4 ESC November 10, 2012

General strategies to support the writing process

General strategies to support the writing process

ReadWriteThink Lesson plans, rubrics, and strategies and interactive on line activitiesfor supporting reading and writing skills.www.readwritethink.net

Printable checklists for writing Teachers can create writing checklists (any specific skills ) by using this on-line tool. Students can use these checklistsMonitor their writing. http://pblchecklist.4teachers.org/checklist.shtml

Some additional resources:

Strategies to support the writing process for students with special needs

Students who have specific needs related to vision, hearing, motor, print and cognitive challengesmay need alternative tools to support the development of writing skills.

“Emergent Literacy for All” Addresses supporting emergent literacy, and offers alternative toolsfor students to use to support the development of writing

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

• Notes important concepts of emergent writing• Stresses the importance of focus on function (writing) Vs. form (tool)• Offers ideas for finding the “write” tool• Provides tips on how to teach meaning of writing to emergent writers• Offers suggestions for meaningful writing tasks• Emphasizes use of meaningful context for early writing• Presents considerations in assessing beginning writing• Gives step by step guidance in some specific writing activities• Shares links to other resources

Resources to Consider for the Emergent Writer

• Pick a pencil that has the most potential for students to EASILY use.

• Students DO NOT need to know their letters in order to get an alternative pencil.

• Students learn about pencils and letters by writing.

• Early writing is a PERFECT way to work on motor skills and letter knowledge.

• Students must have access to the full alphabet.

• Their “scribble” will look different—it is not about how the actual letter is physically formed by hand.

A select slide from “Emergent Literacy for All” (Pencil)

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Suggestions from “Emergent Literacy for All” (tools)

• Large keyboards

• Portable word processors

• Labelers

• Eye gaze boards

• Intellikeys board

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Roy, Vicky Poston “Alternative Pencils: Writing with Students with Significant Disabilities” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 12, 2012 Source pictures from the “Alternative Pencils” CD Available from the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

• You’ve written a lot of letters—let’s see if we can count them.”

• Point to one of your letters-let’s see if it is in someone’s name.

• ”You have a lot of “c”s in your writing. Let’s find all of them.”

• Pick a letter and let’s find something in the room that starts with that letter.”

• Pick a letter and let’s write a letter book with it.”

A select slide from “Emergent Literacy for All” (teaching strategies)

Give Informative Feedback- Give the Scribbles Meaning

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

A select slide from “Emergent Literacy for All” (authentic writing activities)

• Context for responding to writing

• Verbal/Signed choices based on student

• Pictures

• Movies

• Objects/Tactuals

• Personal Remnant Books

• Classroom Remnant Lists/Charts

Have a Context for Early Writing

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

• Always model correct attempt afterwards

• Student makes attempt with alternative pencil. Meryl’s attempt: QBC

• Adult follows up with:- “You wrote QBC. Here’s how I write your name.”- Adult uses alternative pencil to write correctly.

• Providing a model afterwards gives a cognitive structure for later use.

• Focus on teaching students to “think like writers.” (Karen Erickson, 2009)

A select slide from “Emergent Literacy for All” (authentic writing activities)

Name Writing for Authentic Reasons

Gretchen Hanser PhD for Louisiana Department of Education@http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdfBased primarily on work done at the Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

An eye gaze system to love… “Lennart” … can be viewed @http://youtube.com/watch?v=6_PgPFSV_hs

“Predictable Chart Writing”A step by step “how to” adapted for emergent writerswho need alternative pencils.Available through The Center for Literacy & Disabilities Studies (CLDS) @ http://www.med.unc.edu/ahs/clds

Resources to Consider for the Emergent Writer

Alternative Pencils product available at UNC @https://www.med.unc.edu/ahs/clds/products/available-for-purchase

Resources to Consider for the Struggling Writer

The TATN Writing Module “Technology Supports for Struggling Writers”is our “go to” guide for resources to support students within the framework of TEA’s Writing Process Stages.

Components of the Writing Module:• Writing Process Stages• Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for Writing• Handout and Guide• Technology Links for Writing Instruction

The TATN Writing Module @ http://www.texasat.net/default.aspx?name=trainmod.writing

The TATN Writing Module“ Technology Supports for Struggling Writers”

Handout and Guide:• Effective Elements of Writing Instruction

• Instructional vs. Compensatory Interventions

• Strategies for tool Use

• Considerations of task demand and student challenges with each stage in the writing process

• Specific technology supports for each stage

Click on the link “The Handout and Guide” @ http://www.texasat.net/default.aspx?name=trainmod.writing

The TATN Writing Module“ Technology Supports for Struggling Writers”

The “Technology Links for Writing Instruction” includes (for each stage):• No tech/ Low tech options

• Technology products• Manufacturer• Website• Description of the tool

Click on the link “Technology Links for Writing Instruction” @ http://www.texasat.net/default.aspx?name=trainmod.writing

For some of the same in slightly different format (e.g.,Assistive Technology Devices for Writing and Spelling)visit the Georgia Project for Assertive Technology resources pages available @http://www.gpat.org/Georgia-Project-for-Assistive-Technology/Pages/default.aspx

Blogs (info and comments re tools) on reading and writing difficulties @ http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/blog/tag/reading-and-writing-difficulties/

Such topics as:• Hot keys for Read & Write Gold

• Using iPads to support students who struggle with literacy

• Apps for Phonics

• Reviews of specific products

• Apps for special education

Resources to guide the tool decision making process

The AIM Navigator:

As posted on the site: “a process facilitator that guides the workof a collaborative team as they work through the AIM-related needsof individual students.” Available @ http://aim.cast.org/navigator/page

The Dell Assistive Technology Solution Configuration Tool :

Dell's Assistive Technology Services for education provides a tool to “Configure an ATS solution”. Available @ https://www.evas.com/eduplan/configurator.php

Tools

Word Processors/spelling support/graphic organizers

Word processors as a stand-alone

Additional supports within the processor • spell check / grammar check• auto correct • enhancement features such as size,

color, spacing, simplified toolbar

Specialized tools/strategies• use of highlighter • created form fields• work in outline view

Microsoft OneNote “5 Ways Microsoft OneNote Can Help Students With Dyslexia Stay Organized” @http://www.microsoft.com/education/en-us/teachers/how-to/Pages/OneNote_for_dyslexia.aspx

On-line dictionaries

Students may need additional supports such as:

• Text to speech feedback e.g.,IntelliTalk Writing with Symbols 2000 / Sym WriterNarrator

A features comparison of word prediction software is available @http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/article/word-prediction-software-comparison-chart

• Word prediction supporte.g.,Word QSoothsayer

Write:Outloud

Co:Writer

Literacy Supports Software

“all in one” software ( talking word processor, spelling support and more …)

WYNN

SOLO

Read & Write Gold

Kurzweil

Claro

Crick’s “Write OnLine” writer

A “Literacy Supports Software Comparisons Chart” is available @http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/article/literacy-support-software-comparison-chart

Classroom Suite, a software suite with multiple course contents for instruction; @http://www.intellitools.com/classroom-suite.html Literacy Lab, an accessible early literacy instructional program … reading and writing @http://www.mayer-johnson.com/literacy-lab/ Boardmaker PreMade Activites @http://www.mayer-johnson.com/pre-made/ 

Accessible Instructional Materials( a sampling)

Portable word processors

• w/ & w/o speech feedback

• w/ spell check

• w/word prediction

e.g. Fusion / Forte AlphaSmart / Neo

Spellcheck/Grammar check

Ginger Proofreader, a free downloadable spelling and grammar check @http://www.gingersoftware.com/?cpn=1&adg=1&ad=1&cnt=1&ln=1&gclid=COfK3ubFsbICFQc4nAod8AkArw

YouTube video on Ginger Grammar/Spell Checker @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJqc5JIiDCI&feature=related

Advanced spell checkers compared @http://www.callscotland.org.uk/Resources/Quick-Guides/Assets/Downloads/Writing-Support-Tools_Advanced-Spellcheckers-Compared.pdf

Phonetic Dictionaries/Talking Dictionaries e.g., Franklin Talking Dictionaries

Portable dictionaries/Talking reading pens

See a YouTube video demo of the WizCom Readingpen @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_f400NcyxtM

Reading Pens e.g., WizCom’s Readingpen

Kidspiration

Inspiration

Draft Builder 

Graphic Organizers

Text 2 Mind Map is a free on-line “outline-to-visual map” tool available @http://www.text2mindmap.com/

Accessible text Making (almost) any document accessible for the writer

Reasons for converting:• Access via word processor to address the handwriting challenge• Reduce / modify the content• Simplify vocabulary• Access via form fields• Easy “answer mode” (e.g., highlight or underline answers)• Make more accessible for “literacy supports software”

Sources of text:• Relevant internet documents• On-line curricula (e.g., end of chapter summaries or quizzes)• Hardcopy documents scanned as a PDF file

Accessible text Making (almost) any document accessible for the writer

Use of PDF converterse.g., Adobe Acrobat Pro

There are 2 documents available for download about working with Adobe to make documents interactive on the QIAT site in the Resource table @ http://natri.uky.edu/assoc_projects/qiat/resourcebank.html

Refer to “Using Adobe Acrobat Pro to Convert a PDF file”in the “How To guides” for simple directions on converting a PDF file to editable text (a text file)

“Working with PDFs in Acrobat 9”; A more-than-you-might-need on PDFsis available for view or download @ http://www.lib.umich.edu/files/services/exploratory/pdfs/acrobat9.pdf

Use of a scanner and OCR software to capture and convert documentse.g., PaperPortOmniPage Pro

Use of literacy software supports to convert PDF to Worde.g.,WYNN WizardRead & Write Gold

Refer to “Using WYNN to convert an image file/PDF to editable text”and to “Read & Write Gold Scan modes” in the “How To guides” for simple directions on converting a PDF file to editable text (a text file)

And now… “snap and read/write” technology• Intel Reader• iPad

Note:One may not need to create text fields for all or most students.

If student cannot navigate and write into a document without text fields pre-inserted it may be necessary to create them. 

Graphic (Picture based) Word Processors

 For students who are severely (cognitively) print challenged the use of a picture based word processor will give opportunities to:• Create literary pieces• Develop symbol based sentence structure• Foster improved sight word recognition (given writing activities structured to do so)

e.g.,Picture ItPix WriterWriting with Symbols 2000Communicate: Sym Writer Communicate: In Print2Clicker 6

iPad Apps

A sampling of apps for individuals who require alternative tools for writing(Yes, iPads are “so cool”, and yet, not always necessary ... but they really may be the best option for some students.)

Some reviews: Word processor apps 6 listed with descriptors, prices and links to iTunes @http://www.techshout.com/features/2012/25/best-word-processor-apps-for-ipad/ “The 5 Best Writing Apps for the iPad” @http://www.lifehack.org/articles/technology/the-5-best-writing-apps-for-the-ipad.html

e.g.,iWordQ

Typ-O HD

Voice Dream Reader

Accessibility

Accessibility tools available within the computer’s operating system may be all some students need to make word processing successful.

See Ease of Access optionsChoose which tools need “adjusting” and how orLet the Wizard help you decide

Practice a few ….Sticky keys

Audio cue

Refer to the On-line Resources document for links to accessibility guides

Keyboard shortcuts

 Practice a few…Navigating the desktop

Navigating within an application

MS Word shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts have the power to reduce the work load, speed up productivity, avoid difficulties with mouse control.

Refer to the On-line Resources document for links to keyboard shortcut guides

Alternatives to the standard mouse (hardware)

What can’t the individual do with a standard mouse?(Can this be addressed with the Windows/Mac operating system’s accessibility preferences, i.e., using the numeric keypad as a mouse?) Is the size of the mouse a problem? Are there “too many” buttons? Is mouse movement control a challenge?

See a review of different types of mouse movers @http://smartech.gatech.edu/jspui/bitstream/1853/7351/1/Mouse.pdf (This article is a bit “dated” (2002) but ok for a general overview of mouse types to consider.)

Single click  Various sized mice Trackball Touchpad Joystick IntelliKeys  Head pointer Eye gaze technology

Types of mouse movers / pointing devices

On-screen mouse controls

Make mouse movers/pointing devices more accessible by allowing users who can move a mouse, but cannot control mouse functions, the ability to do such actions as click, double click, click & drag.

Demos of Origin Instruments onscreen keyboards and “mouse emulators” can be downloaded for preview (and trial use) @ ttp://orin.com/access/demos/index.htm

OneWay

DwellBuddy

ScanBuddy

A large selection of on-screen mouse controls are listed and described on the EnableMart website @ http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/On-Screen-Mouse

Dragger32

CrossScanner

SmartClick

Touch Windows / Touch Screens

Because of motor, vision or cognitive challenges, some individuals may be successful only when they have “direct select” access.

Switch Access

A switch / switch interface connection to a computer

Switches

There are many different kinds of switches to choose from in order to access one’s best motor movement

A switch interface takes the motor movement to the computer’s interface to engage with a program that is accessible via scan mode

Miscellaneous enhancements/support

Enlarged cursor e.g.,The Biggy cursor

Miscellaneous hardware:e.g., Document holderSlantboardMount (for laptop or iPad)

Alternative keyboards

Some students may need larger keys and keyboard

Other students may need a smaller sized keyboard

Some students may be more successful with one handed keyboards

Other students may need special sensitivity controls

Preview some keyboard options @ http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/Keyboards-Mice-Joysticks

 Microsoft Windows

Depending on the OS and version the onscreen keyboard :• may be set to open on startup• may be able to be repositioned• may be resized• may have word prediction options• may offer a click, dwell or scan option.

On-screen keyboards

A large selection of on-screen keyboards are listed and described on the EnableMart website @ http://www.enablemart.com/Catalog/On-Screen-Keyboards

See “Gizmo’s Freeware Review” of 4 free onscreen keyboards (OSK) for accessibility ( Gizmo’s vote as the 4 best) @http://www.techsupportalert.com/best-free-onscreen-keyboard-osk.htm Click-n-Type

Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard

Free Virtual Keyboard

Dasher

REACH : As noted on the web “ Reach is not only an on-screen keyboard,but a tool chest, loaded with features to help you write, access information,communicate, access the internet…”With Scan Buddy and switch access .. a powerful tool for total computer access.

Voice dictation

A truly “no tech/low tech to high tech” selection of options

• Using a scribe

• Tape recorders

• Voice recorder on a computer

• Voice recorder software (e.g., Audacity)

• Voice recognition software e.g., - Windows Speech Recognition - Dragon Naturally Speaking (Windows OS) - Dragon Dictate (MacIntosh OS)

- And now… the “speech-to-text keyboard microphone” in the newest iOS (i.e., the iPad)

Alternatives to “text only” writing(Is writing overrated ?)

Use of fairly simple multimedia tools to express an idea, generate an audio/ visual report or otherwise demonstrate understanding of concepts.

Photostory;

PowerPoint Glogster

Littlebirdtales

On-line comic strip tools

Voice Thread

Fotobabble

Sample iPad Apps:

Samples for PC:

Voice Thread PaperPort Notes

SonicPics Pictello(not free)

(free)

Refer to the Internet Resources and Vendor’s List for descriptors and links to these tools.

Environmental Inventories

Now that you know which tools … What does the student need to know in order to use them effectively? What does the team need to know in order for the student to use them effectively?

Environmental Inventories can be a very helpful tool.•  Develop a simple list of the primary skills needed• Use any checklist or resources that might come in the tool’s guide or manual• Use section headings from the guide to create a checklist• Create a checklist by working with the tool and when exploring it with the

student

Refer to the “skills sheet_data collection_portable word processor” document.

When do you expect the student to use them? Not all the tools, not all the time How does the student know when to use them? How does the team know when to expect the student to use them?

Rubrics for use of technology supports

Rubrics for use of technology supports can be a very helpful tool. • Create a table that includes:

• Any relevant accommodations• Each tool (low tech to high tech) the student might need• Identify the tasks within each course content / domain• Identify which tool to expect the student to use for each task within

each domain • Include any relevant notes / special considerations

• Procedure and tools for transfer of assignments between teacher and student

• Where student saves works in progress• Where student saves completed work• Procedure for possible need for access from home

• Create simple “How to” guides for use by teacher, student and parent as needed to communicate procedures (i.e, how to access student folder from home)

Special credit goes to Susie White, Instructional Facilitator, Spring Branch ISD,for her (major) part in the process of developing inventories and rubrics for assistive technology.

 DeCoste, Denise “Assistive Technology Assessment: Developing a Written Productivity Profile” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 13, 2012 Hanser, Gretchen “ Emergent Literacy for ALL!” Louisiana Department of Education, September, 2011 Accessed on December/2012 at @ http://sda.doe.louisiana.gov/ResourceFiles/Literacy/LA-EL9-2011-HO.pdf

Hogan, Kathy “Scribbles, Drawings, & Invented Spelling; The Journey to Becoming a Writer” Presented at the Reading & Writing Conference, Region 4 ESC November 10, 2012

Roy, Vicky Poston “Alternative Pencils: Writing with Students with Significant Disabilities” Presented at the TATN State Conference June 12, 2012  Hartman, Lynda S “Handwriting / Keyboarding Rates” A document posted on the QIAT Resources page @ http://lsv.uky.edu/archives/QIAT.html

Primary references

Presenter contact information:Blaise Mladenka @ edtech.llc@comcast.net Lynn Guthrie @ lynn.guthrie@sbcglobal.net