• Although + A CLAUSE

• Even though

• In spite of a noun

• Despite + a pronoun / v-ing

Clauses of CONCESSION

“In spite of” and “Despite”

• “In spite of” and “Despite” are the same in usage.

• You can either use “in spite of” or “despite” to present the same meaning.

• E.g. In spite of the fine weather, they stayed indoors.

• Despite the fine weather, they stayed indoors.

Example: sentences with “although” & “in spite of”• 1. Although it was raining heavily, they

went for a picnic.

• In spite of the heavy rain, they went for a picnic.

• 2. Although the weather was fine, they stayed indoors.

• In spite of the fine weather, they stayed indoors.

Change the sentences with “in spite of” to those with “although”• In spite of the cold weather, they go

swimming.• Although the weather is cold, they go

swimming.• In spite of the heavy rain, they go on a

picnic.• Although it is raining heavily, they go on a

picnic.

GAME: Rewriting Sentences

• 1. Although it was raining, they went swimming.

• In spite of the rain, they went swimming.

• 2. In spite of the fire, the woman went into the building.

• Although there is a fire, the woman went into the building.

More “in spite of” (Adj P / ing)• 1. He tried again although he failed in the

driving test.a)He tried again in spite of his failure in the

driving test.b)He tried again in spite of failing in the driving

test.• 2. She did not feel sad though her marks were

low.a)She did not feel sad in spite of her low marks.b)She did not feel sad in spite of having low

marks.

Examples on using “despite” (Adj P / ing)1. They failed in spite of their hard work.

a)They failed despite their hard work.

b)They failed despite doing hard work.

2. In spite of the heavy rain, they went on a picnic.

a) Despite the heavy rain, they went on a picnic.

b) Despite raining heavily, they went on a picnic

Exercise1. it /went /was /raining/ Although/ heavily/,/ they/ a/ picnic /for/./

Although it was raining heavily, they went on a picnic

2. beautiful/ failed/ even / tough/ love/ she/ is/,/ she/ to/ the/ prince’s/ win/./

Even though she is beautiful, she failed to win the prince’s love.

3. Though/ Even/ they/ eat/ were/, /the/ they/ did/ not/ hungry/ cake/./

Even though they were hungry, they did not eat the cake.

4. In/ the/ classroom/ of/ the/ bad/,/ they/ spite/ stayed/ smell/ in/./

In spite of the bad smell, they stayed in the classroom.

5. bad/ the/ eggs/ taste/,/ they/ eat/ Despite/ all/ the/./

Despite the bad taste, they ate all the eggs.

CHECKING YOUR WORK• 1. Although it was raining heavily, they went on a

picnic.

• 2. Though she is beautiful, she failed to win the prince’s love.

• 3. Even though they were hungry, they did not eat the cake.

• 4. In spite of the bad smell, they stayed in the classroom.

• 5. Despite the bad taste, they ate all the eggs.

CLAUSES OF RESULTSO + (Adj/adv) THATSUCH + (Adj + N) THATSO MANY (…..) THATSUCH A LOT OF (…) THAT

1. THE PIPES WERE SO FROZEN THAT IT WAS VERY COLD

2. THERE WERE SO MANY CHAIRS IN THE ROOM THAT WE COULD SIT ANYWHERE.

3. TODAY IS SO COLD THAT WE STAY INDOORS

4. ANN HAS SUCH A CHARMING SMILE THAT EVERYBODY LOVES HER.

1. PAOLA DRESSED QUICKLY. SHE PUTS HER BOOTS ON THE WRONG FEET.

2. PAOLA DRESSED SO QUICKLY THAT SHE PUTS HER BOOTS ON THE WRONG FEET.

3. THEY WERE SURPRISED. THEY DIDN’T TRY TO STOP HIM.

4. THEY WERE SO SURPRISED THAT THEY DIDN’T TRY TO STOP HIM.

5. SOMETIMES THEY SAY STUPID THINGS. I DON’T EVEN BOTHER TO LISTEN

6. SOMETIMES THEY SAY SUCH STUPID THINGS THAT I DON’T EVEN BOTHER TO LISTEN

7. I WAS IN PANIC. I DIDN’T KNOW IT WAS HIM

8. I WAS IN SUCH A PANIC THAT I DIDN’T KNOW IT WAS HIM

EXERCISE

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE CLAUSES OF PURPOSE You use a purpose clause when you want to explain the reason for a person's action.

IN ORDER TO IN ORDER NOT TOSO THAT SO AS NOT TO

Example:Sarah went to the computer lab in order to print out her research report.

Sarah went to the computer lab so that she could print out her research report.

I ran to class so that I wouldn’t be late.

We go to school in order to learn

EXERCISES.

I haven’t given Ann my telephone number. I don’t want to receive her boring calls.

I haven’t given Ann my telephone number so as not to receive her boring calls.

I haven’t given Ann my telephone number in order not to receive her boring calls.

She went to the supermarket. She bought an ice cream.She went to the supermarket in order to bought an ice

cream.Mary wins the lottery. She buys a new car and

expensive carMary wins the lottery so that she buys a new car and

expensive car