aluminium alloy windows

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BRITISH STANDARD
BS 4873:2004
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Aluminium alloy windows

ICS 91.060.50

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BS 4873:2004

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This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 January 2004

© BSI 28 January 2004

First published August 1972Second edition December 1986Third edition January 2004

The following BSI references relate to work on this British Standard:Committee reference B/538/1Draft for comment 98/103394 DC

ISBN 0 580 39029 2

yright British Standards Institution vided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy reproduction or networking permitted without license from

Committees responsible for this British StandardThe preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtain walling, to Subcommittee B/538/1, Windows, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Building EngineersAssociation of Building Hardware ManufacturersBritish Plastics FederationBritish Wood Preserving and Damp-ProofingBritish Woodworking FederationBuilding Research EstablishmentCentre for Window and Cladding TechnologyConstruction Fixings AssociationConsumer Policy Committee of BSICouncil for Aluminium in BuildingFlat Glass Manufacturers’ AssociationGlass and Glazing FederationGuild of Architectural IronmongersHealth and Safety ExecutiveLHC Building Components and ServicesNational House-Building Council (NHBC)Police Scientific Development BranchRoyal Institute of British ArchitectsScottish Office – Construction and BuildingSociety of Chief Architects in Local Authorities (SCALA)Steel Window AssociationTimber Research and Development AssociationCo-opted members

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

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BS 4873:2004

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ContentsPage

Committees responsible Inside front coverForeword ii

1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 Handing 35 Materials 46 Work sizes and manufacturing tolerances 57 Construction and design 68 Glazing 69 Security 610 Operation 611 Weathertightness 712 Marking 7

Annex A (informative) Advisory notes on materials and construction 8Annex B (informative) Optional features 9Annex C (normative) Specification for handing 10

Bibliography 13

Figure C.1 — Window types and handing 11Figure C.2 — Illustrations of window types and handing for working drawings 12

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BS 4873:2004

iiCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled CNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

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Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/538/1. It supersedes BS 4873:1986, which is withdrawn.

This revision of BS 4873 incorporates changes which have recently been made to supporting standards, particularly BS 6375-1, and also makes reference to enhanced security performance for aluminium windows as given in BS 7950.

A European product standard for windows and doors, currently in preparation as prEN 14351-1, is due to be published within the next two years. It will in due course be published unchanged as a British Standard and will consequently require this standard to be withdrawn.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

© BSI 28 January 2004

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

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BS 4873:2004


1 Scope

This British Standard specifies requirements for the design, construction and performance of aluminium alloy windows intended to be installed vertically, including materials and glazing.

It is applicable to the following window types, which can be in multi-light form:

a) hinged-side-hung (open in or out), top-hung (open out), bottom-hung (open in), tilt and turn;

b) projecting-side-hung (open out or reversible) and top-hung (open out or reversible);

c) pivoted-horizontal and -vertical (hung centrally or off-centre including reversible);

d) sliding-horizontal and -vertical (including tilting sash to vertical);

e) fixed lights;

f) louvred-adjustable.

It is also applicable to windows that are used for replacement purposes and those that have thermally improved frames.

It is not applicable to:

1) windows in which any frame member is longer than 3 m;

2) fixed louvres;

3) secondary windows applied to convert existing single windows into double or coupled windows;

4) windows with frames designed to be glazed with security glazing conforming to BS EN 1063 or BS 5544;

5) the thermal properties of thermally improved frames.NOTE Advisory notes on materials and construction are given in Annex A, and details of optional features to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser are given in Annex B.

2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

BS 952-1, Glass for glazing — Part 1: Classification.

BS 3987, Specification for anodic oxidation coatings on wrought aluminium for external architectural applications.

BS 4255-1, Rubber used in preformed gaskets for weather exclusion from buildings — Part 1: Specification for non-cellular gaskets.

BS 4842, Specification for liquid organic coatings for application to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external architectural purposes, and for the finish on aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections coated with liquid organic coatings.

BS 5713, Specification for hermetically sealed flat double glazing units.

BS 6100-1.0, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms — Part 1: General and miscellaneous — Section 1.0: General.

BS 6100-1.5.1, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms — Part 1: General and miscellaneous — Section 1.5: Operations; associated plant and equipment — Subsection 1.5.1: Co-ordination of dimensions; tolerances and accuracy.

BS 6100-1.6, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms — Part 1: General and miscellaneous — Section 1.6: Persons.

BS 6262, Code of practice for glazing for buildings.

BS 6338:1982 (ISO 4520:1981), Specification for chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings.

BS 6375 (both parts), Performance of windows.

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BS 6399-2, Loading for buildings — Part 2: Code of practice for wind loads.

BS 6496, Specification for powder organic coatings for application and stoving to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external architectural purposes, and for the finish on aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections coated with powder organic coatings.

BS 7950:1997, Specification for enhanced security performance of casement and tilt/turn windows for domestic applications.

BS EN 485-2:1995, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Sheet, strip and plate — Part 2: Mechanical properties.

BS EN 755-9:2001, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles — Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form.

BS EN 1670:1998, Building hardware — Corrosion resistance — Requirements and test methods.

BS EN 12329:2000, Corrosion protection of metal — Electrodeposited coatings of zinc with supplementary treatment on iron or steel.

BS EN 22063:1994, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Thermal spraying — Zinc, aluminium and their alloys.

BS EN ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test methods.

BS EN ISO 3506-1:1998, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners — Bolts, screws and studs.

BS EN ISO 3506-2:1998, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners — Nuts.

BS ISO 11600, Building construction — Jointing products — Classification and requirements for sealants.

3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS 6100-1.0, BS 6100-1.5.1 and BS 6100-1.6 and the following apply.

3.1 aluminium alloy windowwindow incorporating aluminium alloy framing members and glazing rebatesNOTE This is abbreviated to “window” throughout the text.

3.2 bearing devicewheel, roller, skid or other device fitted at the head or sill of a horizontally sliding window to support the weight of the sash and to facilitate movement

3.3 casementwindow, or part of a window, that opens on hinges, pivots or variable geometry staysNOTE This definition is a modification of that given in BS 6100-1.0.

3.4 coupled windowglazed frame with another glazed frame hinged or fastened to it, so that both open together for ventilation and can be separated for cleaning purposes

3.5 design wind pressurewind pressure that can be expected on a surface of a building having taken into account the Sa, Sd and Sb factors and the shape of the building by applying pressure coefficients to the dynamic pressure of the windNOTE See BS 6399-2.

3.6 double windowtwo separate glazed frames superimposed in the same wall opening

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3.7 fixingitem that is used to secure separate members of a window assembly to each other, to secure an item of hardware to a window member, or to secure a completed window assembly into the structure of a building

3.8 glazing gasketplastics or synthetic rubber member, used between the glass and the frame and/or the glass and the bead

3.9 hardwarefitting attached to a window that is used to operate and/or secure it

3.10 insulating glass unittwo or more panes of glass manufactured to size and shape, spaced apart and then hermetically sealed in a factory, ready for glazing

3.11 multi-light windowwindow incorporating opening and/or fixed lights within one perimeter frame

3.12 sashmovable frame of a horizontally or vertically sliding window

3.13 secondary windowwindow either fitted into the same wall opening as an existing window, or applied to an existing window, to provide improved thermal and/or sound insulation

3.14 thermally improved frameframe of an aluminium alloy window that incorporates an insulating material to improve the thermal performanceNOTE It may be of the thermal barrier type, where the inner and outer faces are separated by the insulating material, or of the thermal clad type, where the insulating material is applied to the face or faces of the frame.

3.15 weathertightnessperformance in respect of air permeability, watertightness and wind resistance

3.16 weatherstrippingmaterial around opening lights to reduce air and/or water penetration

4 HandingThe handing shall be in accordance with the specification provided.

Where the manufacturer is specifying the handing, the specification shall conform to Annex C.NOTE Where the manufacturer is not specifying the handing, care should be taken to check the handing designation. See Annex C, Note 1.

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5 Materials

5.1 Aluminium

Extruded aluminium profiles shall be fabricated from designated treated alloy 6060 or 6063 in tempers T4, T5 or T6 conforming to BS EN 755-9:2001.

When ancillary components such as sills, couplings etc. are formed from sheet materials they shall be fabricated from designated alloys 1200, 3103, 5005 or 5251 conforming to BS EN 485-2:1995 in temper suitable for the particular type of application and degree of forming to be adopted.

The aluminium profiles used in the construction of the frames excluding glazing beads, nibs, interlocks and similar features shall be, at minimum tolerance, not less than 1.2 mm thick.

The aluminium shall be finished by one of the following:

a) anodizing conforming to BS 3987;

b) a liquid organic coating conforming to BS 4842;

c) a powder coating conforming to BS 6496.

5.2 Frame joint sealing materials

When the completed window is tested in accordance with BS 6375-1 and BS 6375-2, there shall be no degradation of the sealing or the operational function of the window due to failure of the sealing materials.NOTE Materials should be able to withstand stresses during assembly, transportation, installation and operation of the window.

5.3 Bearing devices and hardware

Metallic materials used for bearing devices and hardware shall have at least the equivalent corrosion resistance to BS EN 1670:1998, class 3 when subjected to a neutral salt spray test as specified in BS EN 1670.NOTE 1 For environments in very polluted localities such as those subject to combinations of industrial and coastal pollution, BS EN 1670:1998, class 4 should be used.

NOTE 2 Requirements for hardware materials are specified in prEN 131261). These requirements apply to both metallic and non-metallic materials.

5.4 Weatherstripping

Weatherstripping shall be one of the following:

a) ethylene propylene diene monomer (epdm); or

b) plasticized PVC (PVC-P); or

c) polychloroprene (CR); or

d) polypropylene pile; or

e) sheathed cellular elastomeric polymer; or

f) silicone (Si); or

g) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).NOTE 1 Non-cellular forms of materials a), b) and c) are specified in BS 4255-1.

NOTE 2 Guidance on weatherstripping products is given in BPF WG 345/1 [1].

1) In preparation.

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5.5 Fixings

All straps, clips, brackets, lugs, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets, metal washers, shims and other fixings shall be manufactured from one of the following:

a) stainless steel grade A2, A4 or F1 conforming to BS EN ISO 3506-1:1998 or BS EN ISO 3506-2:1998;

b) steel which has been finished by one of the following methods:

1) zinc plating in accordance with BS EN 12329:2000, code Fe/Zn 12 or Fe/Zn 25, and chromate passivation in accordance with BS 6338:1982, class 2C or 2D;

2) hot dip galvanizing in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461 to a minimum coating mass of 460 g/m2;

3) spraying with a zinc coating in accordance with BS EN 22063:1994, symbol Zn4;

4) any other protective treatment of equivalent performance to those specified in 1) to 3);

c) aluminium, of an alloy having mechanical strength properties at least equal to that of the frame.NOTE Spacer shims used at fixings, which serve only as packing and do not influence the structural integrity of the fixing, may be of extruded or moulded plastics material.

5.6 Glazing materials

Glazing type and thickness shall be selected, using the recommendations given in BS 6262, to withstand the design wind pressure calculated in accordance with BS 6375-1 or BS 6399-2.

The type and quality of glass shall conform to BS 952-1.

The exposed edges of glass adjustable louvre blades shall be arrised, ground or polished.

Insulating glass units shall conform to BS 5713.NOTE 1 A series of standards specifying requirements and test methods for glass, prEN 1279, is currently in preparation.

Glazing gaskets shall be one of the following:

a) chloroprene rubber, solid (cellular); or

b) chloroprene rubber, solid (non-cellular) conforming to BS 4255-1; or

c) cured ethylene propylene diene monomer (epdm); or

d) plasticized PVC; orNOTE 2 Plasticized PVC gaskets should not be used with polycarbonate glazing materials.

e) PVC nitrile; or

f) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE); or

g) uncured ethylene propylene diene monomer (epdm).

Glazing compounds shall be non-setting compounds, preformed mastic tapes, gun grade solvent release type sealants, one-part or two-part curing sealants or two-part rubberizing compounds. Gun grade sealants shall conform to BS ISO 11600.

6 Work sizes and manufacturing tolerances

6.1 Work sizes

The work sizes for overall length and height shall be documented.

6.2 Manufacturing tolerances

The size of an assembled frame shall be within ±1.5 mm of the documented work size (6.1) in any dimension, and the difference between the diagonals of the assembled frame shall be not more than 4 mm.



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7 Construction and designNOTE The accessible parts of finished windows should as far as reasonably practicable be free from all sharp edges, burrs etc.

7.1 Design for glazing

The frame design shall be such that:

a) the window can be glazed in accordance with BS 6262;

b) reglazing is possible without the need to remove the outer frame from the structure of the building;

c) it is possible to renew the weatherstripping without removing the outer frame from the structure of the building;

d) it is possible to replace the hardware without removing the outer frame from the structure of the building.

7.2 Openable windows

For windows that are intended to be openable, the opening sashes however designed shall move freely and smoothly without hindrance throughout their intended range of movement.

In horizontally and vertically sliding windows, adjacent aluminium members shall not slide upon each other.

In horizontally sliding windows, the sashes shall be supported on bearing devices that facilitate movement and prevent direct contact between the sashes and the aluminium tracks.

In vertically sliding windows, the mechanism or balancing device shall be accessible for adjustment, repair or replacement, after the windows have been installed.

7.3 Frame joints

Joints in frames shall be made either by welding or by mechanical means (e.g. cleating and screwing) and shall have flush, stepped or lapped surfaces. For flush joints formed by mechanical means, any deviation from the same plane shall be within the limits set by the use of extrusion tolerances given in BS EN 755-9.NOTE See also A.2.1.2.

Welded joints shall be cleaned off smooth on surfaces that are exposed when the window is in the closed position and where the joints would otherwise project into the glazing space.

8 GlazingWindows shall be glazed in accordance with the recommendations given in BS 6262.NOTE Attention is drawn to the glazing safety recommendations of BS 6262-4.

9 SecurityWhen the completed window is tested in accordance with BS 7950:1997, A.4 and A.5.1, it shall not be possible to gain entry.NOTE 1 The manufacturer should establish whether any of the security devices listed in Annex B are to be provided.

NOTE 2 A glazing system that prevents the removal of the glass by dismantling the system entirely from the outside is available as an optional feature (see Annex B).

NOTE 3 Guidance for security against crime is given in BS 8220.

NOTE 4 Test methods and acceptance criteria for enhanced security of some domestic window types against the opportunist burglar are given in BS 7950.

10 OperationThe completed window shall conform to the performance requirements for operation and strength specified in BS 6375-2.NOTE 1 The manufacturer should establish whether any of the safety fittings listed in Annex B are to be provided.

NOTE 2 Advice on the safety of openable windows is given in BS 8213-1.

NOTE 3 Recommendations for glazing in risk areas are given in BS 6262-4 (see also 5.6).

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11 WeathertightnessNOTE The weathertightness requirements apply to all types of window.

The completed window shall meet the weathertightness requirements for the appropriate classification specified in BS 6375-1, when tested in accordance with BS 6375-1 and, for double windows, with the appropriate additional procedure given below.

a) For air permeability, double windows shall be tested with both windows closed, the length of opening joint being that which is visible on the inner surface of the inner window only.

b) For watertightness, double windows shall be tested with both windows closed and the performance class shall be that obtained by the outer windows.

c) For wind resistance, double windows shall be tested with the inner window open and the outer window closed. The test shall then be repeated with the inner window closed and, if the outer window contains opening light(s), this (they) shall be opened.

12 MarkingAluminium windows manufactured in accordance with this British Standard shall be marked or labelled with:

a) the name or trade mark of the manufacturer;

b) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 4873:20042).

2) Marking BS 4873:2004 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimant’s responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity.

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Annex A (informative)Advisory notes on materials and construction

A.1 Materials

A.1.1 Thermally improved frames

Where window frames are thermally improved by the inclusion of an insulating barrier or cladding, the insulating material should be stable under the conditions of service, e.g. under wind and dead loads and within the likely surface temperature range of the frames.

The thermal barrier or cladding system should be sufficiently robust to withstand tests carried out in accordance with BS 6375-1 and BS 6375-2.NOTE 1 BS 6375 specifies performance requirements for the strength of windows based on a series of mechanical tests that check the integrity of the frame.

The thermal barrier may be of polyurethane resin (for poured-in-place systems), neoprene extrusions, or PVC-U, nylon, polypropylene or polyamide extrusions, used with rigid foam plastics. The thermal cladding may be of PVC-U or rigid foam PVC extrusions.NOTE 2 Requirements for thermal barriers are specified in prEN 140243).

A.1.2 Hardware

Where non-metallic components are incorporated, the material and specification for these should be selected according to the required function.

A.1.3 Timber surrounds

If timber surrounds are used, the timber should conform to BS EN 942 and the workmanship to BS 1186-2. The materials used in their preservation treatment should have no harmful effects on aluminium in contact with the treated timber.

There should be no direct contact between mill finish aluminium and oak, sweet chestnut or western red cedar because of the acid content in the timbers.

Advice is given in BS 8417 on the types of preservative that can be safely used where timber is to be in contact with aluminium windows.

A.2 Construction

A.2.1 Frame joints

A.2.1.1 Sealing of joints

Any frame joints, including those of the thermal barrier or cladding, which would otherwise cause loss of watertightness and/or increase of air permeability, should be sealed with sealant or by other means to achieve the performance required.

A.2.1.2 Deviations in the plane of flush joints

No allowance is given for assembly and machining tolerances. Therefore, to achieve the requirements specified in 7.3 it can be necessary to use extrusions with closer tolerances than those given in BS EN 755-9. In practice, to avoid sharp exposed edges etc., manufacturers might need to agree tolerances with the extrusion supplier.

It can be necessary to fit “L” shaping backing plates (chevrons) to flanges of mitred cornered frames to correct misalignment due to angular tolerances.

3) In preparation.



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A.2.2 Hardware

A.2.2.1 Hinges, stays and pivots

Friction hinges, variable geometry stays and friction pivots are expected to maintain friction without adjustment or, when adjustment devices are provided, with adjustment.

A.2.2.2 Balances for vertically sliding windows

Balance mechanisms are available in too many types and styles for this standard to specify materials, finishes and means of attachment to frames and sashes. However, it is most important that the window design, including the provision of stops where required, is such that the balances can be fitted in a manner approved by the balance supplier. Balances should be ordered to the correct length and weight for the glazed-sash including an allowance for friction.

A.2.3 Fixings

Fixing devices should be capable of withstanding the design wind load (see BS 6399-2) and any operating forces of the windows. Provision should also be made to prevent water penetrating any holes provided for the fixings.

A.2.4 Weatherstripping and glazing gaskets

Care should be taken in the cutting to length and the application of weatherstripping and glazing gaskets to minimize the probability of gaps occurring at corners due to shrinkage of the material.

Annex B (informative)Optional features

B.1 General

When agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of order, provision may be made for the following optional features:

a) security devices (see also Clause 9 and B.2);

b) safety fittings (see also Clause 10 and B.3);

c) condensation channels.

B.2 Security devices

Some windows, generally the purpose-made types intended for commercial buildings, are available with the option of being inside- or outside-glazed. The manufacturer should ensure that the product meets the glazing requirement specified by the purchaser.

The following security devices are available:

a) locking devices, operated from the inside and with removable keys;NOTE 1 It is particularly desirable that locking devices be provided on opening lights that allow ingress or that have fasteners that can be reached and operated through adjacent small ventilating lights.

b) fittings that allow large opening lights to be left open for ventilation without the loss of security;

c) a glazing system such that, without breakage, the panes cannot be removed entirely from the outside of the building;NOTE 2 Many window designs incorporate this as a standard feature. These include windows with internal glazing beads, or with external glazing beads that cannot be removed until the internal gasket has been taken out, or with additional security glazing devices.

d) individual louvre blades that cannot be removed by sliding or springing them out of their end bearers.



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B.3 Safety fittings

Safety fittings are available as follows.

a) Limit catches. These should check the opening of any window at an aperture of not more than 100 mm. To permit the windows to be opened wider, the catches should be capable of being unfastened by means that are not readily operable by small children. The catches should re-engage automatically when the windows are closed.

b) Reversing catches. These should engage automatically and hold pivoted windows securely when reversed for cleaning or other maintenance and should require some deliberate action to undo them when the window is to be closed.

c) Remote controls. These should be provided for opening lights in positions where ordinary fasteners would be beyond the convenient reach of adults.

Annex C (normative)Specification for handing

In specifying the handing it shall be stated whether the window is viewed from the outside or the inside.

For a multi-light window, the arrangement of the multi-light shall be shown on a diagram.NOTE 1 Window types and examples of handing are shown in Figure C.1 and Figure C.2. These handing illustrations show the traditional British designations. The forthcoming European designations (prEN 125194)) are significantly different.

NOTE 2 The handing of a multi-light or a horizontally sliding window is related to the position of the largest opening light. The handing of side-hung, top-hung, bottom-hung and tilt-and-turn casements is related to the position of the hinges.

The proportion opening outwards of a vertically pivoted window shall be stated.NOTE 3 The handing of a vertically pivoted window is described by the position of the pivots in relation to the opening out portion.

4) In preparation.



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NOTE Elevations viewed from outside.

Figure C.1 — Window types and handing

Side hung left hand open out Side hung left hand open inProjected side hung left hand

Bottom hung Horizontal pivot Horizontal pivot reversible

Vertical pivot right handtwo-thirds open out

Vertical centre pivot right handleft half open out

Vertical pivot right handone-third open out

HP HR

VP VP VP

VR

Vertical centre pivot reversibleright hand left half open out

Top hung Projected top hung(includes reversible type)

FF

Vertical slider(includes tilting sash)

Tilt and turn or tilt before turnright hand

Horizontal slider

Fixed light Adjustable louvre Left hand multi-light



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NOTE Elevations viewed from outside.

Figure C.2 — Illustrations of window types and handing for working drawings

Side hung left hand open out Side hung left hand open in Projected side hung left hand

Bottom hung Horizontal pivot Horizontal pivot reversible

Vertical pivot right handtwo-thirds open out

Vertical centre pivot right handleft half open out

Vertical centre pivot reversibleright hand left half open out

Projected top hung(includes reversible type)

Top hung

Vertical pivot right handone-third open out

Vertical slider

Horizontal slider

Tilt and turn right hand

Fixed light Left hand multi-light

O/Out O/In

HP HR

VP VP VP

VR

F

Adjustable louvre

F



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Bibliography

Standards publications

BS 1186-2:1988, Timber for and workmanship in joinery — Part 2: Specification for workmanship.

BS 5544:1978, Specification for anti-bandit glazing (glazing resistant to manual attack).

BS 6262-4:1994, Glazing for buildings — Part 4: Safety related to human impact.

BS 8213-1:1991, Windows, doors and rooflights — Part 1: Code of practice for safety in use and during cleaning of windows and doors (including guidance on cleaning materials and methods).

BS 8417:2003, Preservation of timber — Recommendations.

BS 8220 (all parts), Guide for security of buildings against crime.

BS EN 942:1996, Timber in joinery — General classification of timber quality.

BS EN 1063:2000, Glass in building — Security glazing — Testing and classification of resistance against bullet attack.

prEN 1279 (all parts), Glass in building — Insulating glass units.5)

prEN 12519:1996, Doors and windows — Terminology.5)

prEN 13126 (all parts), Building hardware — Fittings for windows and door height windows — Requirements and test methods.5)

prEN 14024:2000, Metal profiles with thermal barrier — Mechanical performance —Requirements, proof and tests for assessment.5)

prEN 14351-1:2003, Windows and pedestrian doorsets — Product standard, performance characteristics — Part 1: Windows and external pedestrian doorsets without resistance to fire, smoke leakage and external fire characteristics.5)

Other publications

[1] BRITISH PLASTICS FEDERATION. Gaskets and weatherstrips for windows, doors and curtain walling — Part 1: Requirements, classification and methods of test for gaskets, co-extruded beads, weatherstrips and cellular adhesive tapes. BPF WG 345/1. London: British Plastics Federation, 1993.6)

5) In preparation.6) Available from British Plastics Federation, 6 Bath Place, Rivington Street, London EC2A 3JE. Tel: 020 7457 5000. Website: www.bpf.co.uk.

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BS 4873:2004

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