alvar aalto@micheal abebe
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Alvar aalto Architect I make Zis presentation For History of Architecture Assignment.enjoy Micheal Abebe From Ethiopia Jun 27 2014TRANSCRIPT
ALVAR AALTO
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Aalvar Aalto was born in Kuortane, Finland.
In 1916 he then enrolled to study architecture at the Helsinki University of Technology, graduating in 1921.
In 1923 he returned to Jyväskylä, where he opened his first architectural office.
Jyväskylä would become a notable city for his architecture, with more buildings designed by him than in any other city.
Alvar alto’s principle was FUNCTIONALISM IN FURNITURE DESIGN.
Otaniemi Technical University, Finland
Red brick, black granite, and copper combine in Alvar Aalto's buildings for the Otaniemi Technical University in Espoo, Finland.
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Turun Sanomat - 1927
Aalto designed this industrial building to house a newspaper and its printing facility in the city of Turku. The Concrete structure is influenced by the Art Deco style. This is evident in the column forms. The ceiling was sealed to give it a shiny finish.
Sanomat - Warehouse
Sanomat - Exterior
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Turun Sanomat - 1927
The Lobby was sealed concrete & Plaster walls with tile floors. Again the Art Deco style comes through. This is one of the better concrete structures in all of Europe.
Sanomat - Warehouse
Sanomat – Office Lobby
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Paimio Sanitorium - 1929 - 1933
In designing this hospital, Aalto began to look at the human condition. The design was based on how human’s heal. This was truly a case where form followed function. The Sprawling building stretches out & creates courtyards which allow natural light into all rooms. Nature blends its way from exterior to interior throughout this building with all of its roof decks. It was Aalto’s belief that nature was truly necessary to heal oneself.
Sanitorium – Exterior Sanitorium – Plan
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Paimio Sanitorium - 1929 - 1933
Aalto also believed that bright colors made people feel better and be more active. Psychological tests proved this to be true. So the lobby was treated with Bright yellow walls and floor tiles to offset the white. Blue was used as an accent.
Sanitorium – Stair Sanitorium – lobby
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Paimio Sanitorium - 1929 - 1933Aalto studied rigorously the effects of lighting & heating on the infirmed. The diagrams show the interplay of natural & artificial light. The beds designed by Aalto were designed to be flexible. The spaces were designed for being horizontal. The ceiling colors were darker to give the patient a more restful color to look at. Even the bent wood chair had its purpose. It was designed to put a person at the correct angle to enhance their breathing.
Sanitorium – chair Sanitorium – diagrams
• Studied Architecture between 1916-1921 at the Technical University of Helsinki.
Used wood instead of metal for his furniture. • Started to produce his innovative plywood
chairs in the1930s, and create a new trend in use of plywood.• Built Paimio Sanatorium in Turku in 1930s• His ideas had a strong influence on designers
of the period such as Charles and Ray Eames.• Founded Artek, a furniture design
company in 1935 with his colleagues Harry and Marie Gullichsen.
Finlandia Hall• Designed the Villa Mairea, one of the admired buildings of modern architecture with
his perception of organic links between people, nature and buildings.
Seinajoki Town Hall
Enso-Gutzeit Headquarters
Headquarters for the White Guards
• His design philosophy was influenced by nature and organic materials, unlike other furniture of the same period with materials as tubular steel, which were quite modern at the time. • Designed vases with curvilinear
bases and straight sides for Savoy Restaurant – Turku• With his innovative designs and
natural forms he changed the course of design towards organic Modernism.
• The beauty of his work is hidden in his design approach of Functionalism but with a strong connection to the organic relationship between man, nature and buildings. • He coordinated these three
components and created a synthesis of life in materialized form.• He designed in very different scales –
ranging from buildings, town plans, furniture, glassware, jewellery and other forms of art.
DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
His design concepts were organic and using the human form.
His buildings and chairs were first prompted by the user.
The seats and handles were moulded to the human form.
Of all architectural furniture, his is the closest to humanity.
Alvar Aalto designed laminated timber furniture.
He saw that tubular steel lacked human qualities.
He used local Birchwood as a substitution for steel tubing.
ALVAR ALTO’S FURNITURE DESIGN
He concluded that standardization and mass production could not be sustained in Finland's small economy.
His chairs were the result of great study and investigation into, posture, laminated wood, aesthetic considerations and efficient mechanical methods of mass production.
Alvar Aalto’s furniture included: The Paimio Chair The Viipuri Stacking Stools Cantilevered Chair
PAIMIO CHAIR Paimio Chair is said to have been
influenced by the curved contours of the Finnish lakes.
It is one of the most elegant modern chairs.
The frame is laminated birch bent into a closed curve with solid birch cross-rails.
The seat is molded from one piece of birch plywood.
The springy plywood fixed on a closed frame was Aalto’s brainstorm for making a wooden chair “soft”.
The Paimio Chair is constructed from both two dimensional molded plywood and laminated timber.
The curves are made by clamping layers of veneer and glue over a form to achieve the desired curved shapes.
It was supported by cantilevered continuous arm and leg frame of laminated Birch plywood steam bent in the shape of a "C" and had horizontal braces to the back.
The frame was thicker from the front of the seat down as there was more stress on the frame there.
He constructed the frame with 7 layers of lamination and less for the arms and back as they required less reinforcement.
Interior of the Tuberculosis Sanatorium in Paimio
VIIPURI STACKING STOOLS The Viipuri collection of furniture
complemented Aalto's forward thinking design.
The stacking stool - this was made up of only four wooden parts, three Aalto Legs and a round seat.
These three legged stools are versatile and functional
The stack ability means that they are ideal for large gathering areas with small storage spaces.
The legs were attached to the seat at 120 degree angles which meant they could interlock and stack easily.
They then take up a minimal storage space so are ideal for schools, meeting rooms or offices.
They were available in children and adult sizes.
The legs were varnished natural Birch timber and the seats were made from natural Birch timber, primary and white laminates.
Auditorium of the Viipuri Municipal Library
CANTILEVERED CHAIR
Otherwise known as the Cantilever chair no.31; Made of Bent laminated and solid birch frame with bent plywood seat section; has a more subtle curved form.
Sofa 544 designed by Alvar Aalto (1932)
Lounge chair 43 designed by Alvar Aalto
Inspired by nature and made to Alvar Aalto's humanist design philosophy, the iconic form still proves to be as popular as it did when it was launched in 1937
The Savoy Vase or the Aalto Vase
Tea trolley by Alto
Chair 66 designed by Alvar Aalto (1935)
Pendant lamp A110 desinged by Alvar Aalto (1952)
Pendant lamp A331
Armchair 401
Bench 153B
Interior of Academic Bookshop, Helsinki
Riihitie House, Helsinki
Interior of a summer House
Interior of Finnish Pavilion
Views of Villa Mairea, Finland – Built in the middle of a Pine Forest
Interior views of villa Mairea
The uneven patterning of poles stairs are designed to mimic the forests outdoors
Brick wall used as a sculptural element
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Villa Mairea - 1938 - 1941
One of Aalto’s most impressive buildings. In it Aalto combined many different materials to create diverse forms.
The Finish culture is extremely in tune with nature. Aalto’s work highlights this through the use of natural materials & Organic forms. Also design elements such as the pool and the rubble masonry wall add to the aesthetic.
Villa Mairea - Exterior Villa Mairea - Plan
• Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
• Villa Mairea - 1938 - 1941
Aalto uses wood ceilings and floors. The walls are plaster. All the furniture is designed by Aalto as well. Again, he likes to bring nature into the building. At the fireplace, Aalto carves out an opening that allows him to add a window and create a shelf. The form is as if it had been eroded away over time.
Villa Mairea - Entrance Villa Mairea – Living Room
Interior views of villa Mairea
HIS BULDINGS.
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AFTER MANY SECUSSES & AWARD .. AALTO'S DEAD IN 1976. AALTO'S AWARDS INCLUDED THE ROYAL GOLD MEDAL FOR ARCHITECTURE FROM THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS (1957) AND THE GOLD MEDAL FROM THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (1963). HE WAS ELECTED A FOREIGN HONORARY MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN 1957.[ HE ALSO WAS A MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF FINLAND, AND WAS ITS PRESIDENT FROM 1963 TO 1968. FROM 1925 TO 1956 HE WAS A MEMBER OF THE CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHITECTUREMODERNE.
MEMORIALS• Aalto has been commemorated in a number of ways:
• Alvar Aalto is the eponym of the Alvar Aalto Medal, now considered one of world architecture's most prestigious awards.
• Aalto was featured in the 50 mk note in the last series of the Finnish markka (before its replacement by the Euro in 2002).
• The centenary of Aalto's birth in 1998 was marked in Finland not only by several books and exhibitions but also by the promotion of specially bottled red and white Aalto Wine and a specially-designed cup-cake.
• In the year of his death, 1976, Aalto was commemorated on a Finnish postage stamp.
• Aalto University, a new Finnish university (an amalgamation of Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki School of Economics and TaiK) established in 2010, is named after Alvar Aalto.
• An Alvar Aallonkatu (Alvar Aalto Street) can be found in three different Finnish cities: Jyväskylä, Oulu and Seinäjoki. 29
•The End
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