MINERALS OF EARTH’S CRUST

Alyx & Allison

Period 2

SECTION 1 MINERALS

Mineral-a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure

Elements-are substances that cannot be broken down

Atom-smallest part of an elementCompound-substance made of 2 or more elements

Crystal- solid geometric forms of minerals produced Silicate Mineral- minerals that contains a combination

of 2 elementsNonsilicate Mineral- combination of the elements

silicon & oxygen

Silicates & Nonsilicates

Silicates Nonsilicates

Minerals that contain a combination of 2 elements

Silicate is made up of silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in the Earth’s crust

Combination of elements silicon & oxygen

Nonsilicate minerals made up of elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron & sulfur

Nonsilicates and silicates

Classes of nonsilicates Silicates pictures

Native elements minerals that are composed of one elements

Carbonates minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen

Halides compounds that form atoms Ex. Fluorine, chlorine

Oxides compounds when an element such as aluminum or iron

Sulfates contains sulfur and oxygen

Sulfides minerals that contain 1 or more elements

Luster- the way surface reflects light

Streak- color of minerals in powderCleavage- the tendency of some minerals to break on flat

surfacesFracture- the tendency of some minerals to break unevenly

along curved irregular surfacesHardness- refers to a mineral’s resistance to be scratched

Density- the measure of how much matter there is given in a amount of space

SECTION 2: IDENTIFY MINERALS

Moh’s hardness scale

Luster ChartMetallic Submetallic

Nonmetallic Ex. Earthy, waxy, pearly, silky

SECTION 3: THE FORMATION AND MINING OF MINERALS

Ore- a mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for a profitReclamation- 1 way to reduce harmful effects of mining is completed

Common uses of mineralsMineral Metal Uses

Chalcopyrite Copper Coins, electrical wire

Galena Lead Batteries, paints

Beryl Beryllium Bicycle frames, airplanes

Chromites Chromium Stainless steel, cast iron, leather tanners

Surface mining and Deep mining Surface mining is

the removal of minerals or other materials at or near the Earth’s surface

Deep mining is the removal of minerals or other materials