AMB005 INTRODUCTION TO

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Dr. Intan A MokhtarAssistant Professor

Policy and Leadership StudiesNational Institute of Education,

Nanyang Technological University

2 – 4 December 2009Day 1

1IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 2Day 1

Overview for Day 1 What is instructional technology? Getting started with instructional technology Modes of learning

– VARK – Dale’s Cone of Learning Experiences

Instructional technology tools– Software application (stand-alone)– Internet-based– Web-based

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 3Day 1

What is instructional technology? Involves the theory, design and development

of processes for effective learning, supported by appropriate resources

Different kinds of technologies are used to facilitate the teaching or instruction

Technologies can range from stand-alone types (e.g. voice recorder, computer) to networked ones (e.g. television, radio, the Internet)

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 4Day 1

Getting started with instructional technology

The Internet and its impact on global economic growth

Faster access to current information leads to power and wealth

Importance of memorization as use of the Internet and robotic search engines

Hence, new pedagogies are needed in teaching and learning

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 5Day 1

Getting started with instructional technology

Evolution from newsprints radio television Internet + mobile technologies

Moore’s Law: exponential growth of computing power

More transistors on each new chip Faster processing speed Obsolescence of older computers and

technologies is increasing

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 6Day 1

Getting started with instructional technology

Moving through the ages:Agricultural Industrial Information

Knowledge-based Economy

In teaching and learning:Read, Write & Arithmetic (3Rs) Integrity,

Independence and Innovativeness (3Is)

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 7Day 1

Our instructional technology concept map

1. Modes of

Learning

4. Assessment

2. Tools 3. Issues

Instructional Technology

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 8Day 1

1. Modes of Learning

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 9Day 1

Modes of Learning – What & Why? How individuals learn – how information is

received and processed cognition and understanding

Different people have different preferences and inclinations for learning

Knowing your trainees’ preferred mode(s) of learning helps facilitate the learning process and improves cognition effective learning

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 10Day 1

VARK questionnaire

Answer the given questionnaire

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 11Day 1

VARK – Neil Fleming Developed together with Charles Bonwell

in 1987

One of the most widely used instruments to determine preferred learning mode(s)

Visual

Aural

Read/Write

Kinaesthetic

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 12Day 1

Cone of Learning Experiences – Edgar Dale

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 13Day 1

Cone of Learning Experiences – Edgar Dale

Can be described along the Continuum of Learning Experiences

Having a good balance of concrete and abstract experiences in learning is desired

Direct, experiences

Verbal description by

another person

Continuum of learning experiences

CONCRETE ABSTRACT

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 14Day 1

LUNCH

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 15Day 1

2. Instructional Technology Tools

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 16Day 1

Instructional Technology Tools – An OverviewInstructional

Technology Tools

- Database applications- Word processors- Spreadsheets- Media players- Bluetooth- Desktop publishing

Internet-based

Web-based & Web 2.0

Application software

(stand-alone)

Non Computer-based

Computer-based

- Emails- Newsgroups- Intranet- Instant messaging

- Weblogs- Websites- Wikis- Social networking sites- Instant messaging- Short message service

- Television- Radio- Voice recorder

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 17Day 1

Application Software (Stand-alone) Tools

Some common application software: Word processing eg. Microsoft Word,

Microsoft Works Spreadsheets eg. Microsoft Excel, Open Office

Calc Databases eg. Microsoft Access, Open Office,

Base Multimedia Presentation eg. Microsoft

Powerpoint, Open Office Impress Media players eg. Windows Media Player, Real

Player

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 18Day 1

Application Software (Stand-alone) Tools

Note that these tools can be used on their own without the need for any networks to be established

Each of these tools can run on a computer on its own and is fully functional

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 19Day 1

Multimedia Presentation: MS Powerpoint

Slide transition Hyperlinks Insertion of diagrams and clip art

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 20Day 1

TEA BREAK

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 21Day 1

Internet-based ToolsSome common Internet-based tools: Electronic mail eg. Microsoft Outlook , Lotus

Notes (usually requires a common or compatible OS; now LAN)

Newsgroups eg. talk.politics, comp.lang.java.help (comes about from the old bulletin board system)

Intranet systems eg. MOE Intranet, SPF Intranet

Instant messaging systems (usually tagged onto the e-mail system)

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 22Day 1

Web-based and Web 2.0 ToolsWhat is the Web? Part of the Internet – other parts are email,

online chats, online games, and file transfer and sharing

The World Wide Web (or simply, the Web) is an extensive collection of interlinked documents, images, and other resources, connected to one another via hyperlinks and Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

Platform for transfer between hyperlinks and URLs is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 23Day 1

Web-based and Web 2.0 ToolsWhat is the Web? The Web is accessed through web browsers such

as Internet Explorer or Netscape; a less common browser is Firefox; for mobile computers, this may be Safari

Exploration of the Web is through keyword-driven robotic search engines eg. Google, Yahoo, Live Search (MSN)

The Web has created the sudden onslaught of large amounts of decentralized information and mass publishing

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 24Day 1

Web-based and Web 2.0 ToolsWeb 2.0 Evolution of the Web to facilitate more

interaction and information sharing Allows easier publishing and citizen journalism Features of Web 2.0:

Interoperability User-centered design (more GUI) Elements of “click-and-drag” no need to learn

specific programming languages (barely any scripting)

Web 2.0 Participatory Web Web 1.0 Information source Web

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 25Day 1

Web-based and Web 2.0 ToolsExamples of Web 2.0 Tools Websites eg. With domains such as .com, .org, .net Weblogs eg. Blogger, Word Press Wikis eg. Wikipedia, WikiHow, WikiAnswers,

WikiMapia Video/media sharing sites eg. YouTube, Flickr

(extensions from the old FTP) Social networking sites eg. Facebook, My Space Folksonomies – collaborative system of

classification and tagging; usually embedded within another Web 2.0 application eg. Wikipedia, Flickr

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 26Day 1

Setting up your own Blog Go to any of the many free web-hosting blogs

eg. Blogger, Word Press, Live Journal Create an account (but you would need to have

an email account ready) Activate your blog account (if needed) Start bloggingNote: Some blog hosts allow privacy protection for

your blogs (i.e. not everyone in the public domain can read what you’ve written on your blog)

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 27Day 1

Setting up your own Wiki Go to any of the many free web-hosting wikis

eg. Wikispaces, Wikidot, Wiki-site Create an account (but you would need to have

an email account ready) Activate your wiki account (if needed) Start populating your wikiNote: Unlike a blog, you really have not much

control over who writes on your wiki since ‘every reader is an author’.

IAM/PLS/NIE/amb005 28Day 1

End of Day 1