AMBER_KINETICS

Energy Storage

• Energy storage is the conversion of energy to

other forms so that it may be used at a later

stage when required.

• Energy storage technologies are measured in

terms of their power output (MW) and their

capacity (MWh).

AMBER_KINETICS

• Solid State Batteries

• Flow Batteries

• Flywheels

• Compressed Air Energy Storage

• Thermal

• Pumped Hydro-Power

Energy Storage TechnologyAMBER_KINETICS

1450 – 1500 AD 1760 - 1840s

Leonardo Da Vinci

Conceptualized mechanical

flywheel for continuous motion

AMBER_KINETICS

Industrial Revolution

Watt steam engine used heavy

flywheel to smooth output

4500 – 2000 BC

Stone Age

Original pottery wheel

developed in stone age

History of Flywheels

© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential

1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-Present

Application

Electric Vehicles

time duration

seconds

Application

Backup Power

time duration

seconds - minutes

Application

Grid Support

time duration

minutes - hour

Application

Grid Capacity

time duration

1-4 hours

> 5,000 flywheels sold

Millions of commercial hours

Prototype

Lab-Stage

40 MWs commercial flywheels

Millions of commercial hours

Expanded storage duration

Driving cost out with scale

AMBER_KINETICS

Today’s Flywheels

Flywheel Energy Storage System

AMBER_KINETICS

Kinetic Energy Storage - FlywheelAMBER_KINETICS

• Flywheel in essence is a mechanical battery –

simply a mass rotating about an axis

• Store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic

energy

Charging/discharging is carried out by a

motor/generator

o Take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up

to the maximum speed by using built-in motor and

and produce the stored electrical energy by

decelerating the rotor using the same motor as a

generator.

CONFIDENTIAL

A REVOLUTION IN ENERGY STORAGE

AMBER_KINETICS

- The “Holy Grail” in Energy Storage

AMBER_KINETICS

AMBER_KINETICS

AMBER_KINETICS

About Amber Kinetics

Professor

Research Areas:

• Energy (ENE)

• Control, Intelligent Systems,

and Robotics (CIR)

• Integrated Circuits (INC)

• Power and electronics

systems

Seth R. Sanders

amber_kinetics

About Amber Kinetics

World's First and Only 4 Hour

Flywheel

amber_kinetics

About Amber Kinetics

Founded:

Headquarters:

2009 Union City, CA

Grid-Scale Energy Storage

Steel Flywheels

Target Application:

Technology:

Our Advantages: DOE: promising storage technology

1. High efficiency / Low losses

2. Competitive technology cost

3. Focus on viable projects

4. Experience winning utility PPAs

5. Operational advantages vs. other

energy storage

1. Island systems & off-

grid/rural

electrification

Areas of Application

AMBER_KINETICS

4. Fast, & short-term

electricity

balancing/Ancillary

Service

2. Energy supply

shifting

3. Variable renewable

energy smoothing

Hybrid System

Variable Renewable

Energy + Amber

Kinetics Flywheels

Fast & short

Charge/Discharge

Amber Kinetics

Flywheels as Peaking

Plant

Amber Kinetics

Flywheels For

Frequency Regulation

Renewable Energy

AMBER_KINETICS

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August 23, 2015

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August 16, 2015

Hourly Solar PV Generation Profile

AMBER_KINETICS

PV Generation with Energy Storage

AMBER_KINETICS

-10

-5

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PPV

PFW

SmoothenCurve

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STORED ENERGY

Smoothing PV Generation (Cloudy)AMBER_KINETICS

Lo

ad

En

erg

ys

tore

din

AK

_F

ES

SFlywheel for Energy Supply Shifting

AMBER_KINETICS

• Regulation is used to reconcile momentary

differences between supply and demand.

Source: Sandia

Source: Sandia

Load > Generation (Regulate Up – Discharge)

Load < Generation (Regulate Down - Charge)

Frequency Regulation

AMBER_KINETICS

+20

-20

SP=0

Fre

quency R

egula

tion R

ange

• Can operate in Primary and

Secondary Regulation

• Wide Range of Regulating Capacity

• Perform Fast Response

Regulating Service

• Can provide full

capacity from 3%

SOC

• <1 Sec to Full

Charge and

Discharge

Capacity

AK as Source of Frequency Regulation

AMBER_KINETICS

59.700

59.800

59.900

60.000

60.100

60.200

60.300

0:00:00

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0:19:56

CHARGEAREA

DISCHARGEAREA

Deadband+/-0.05Hz

Flywheel as Source of Frequency Regulation

AMBER_KINETICS

© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential

Milestones Achieved Upcoming

AMBER_KINETICS

2010 – Awarded $4mm from the U.S. Department of Energy

2010 – Closed Series A Investment

2012 – Awarded $2mm from the California Energy Commission

2013 – Awarded Contract Sponsored by U.S. Department of Defense (Hawaii)

2014 – Successfully Field Tested Amber 4-hour Flywheel

2014 – Closed Series B Investment

2015 – Awarded additional $2mm from the California Energy Commission

2015 – Signed Landmark Multi-Million ($) Contract with PG&E

2015 – Signed International Purchase Agreement with Emerging Power Inc.

2016 – Finalizing Terms of Purchasing Agreement with Hawaiian Electric

Amber – A Winning Track Record

© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential

AMBER_KINETICS

Li-Ion Battery (Today) $350 / kWh 2,000 deep cycles $0.17 per kWh discharge

(2025 Projected) $150 / kWh 3,000 deep cycles $0.05 per kWh discharge

Amber 4-hr Flywheel (Today) $500 / kWh 20,000 deep cycles $0.02 per kWh discharge

(2020-2025 Projected) $250 / kWh 20,000 deep cycles $0.01 per kWh discharge

Why Amber Flywheels are Better

Overview of Single Flywheel System

Flywheel

Cover

Containment

AC/DC Inverter

Control PC

Station

Power

AMBER_KINETICS

Site Requirements

2m

~2.0m

Concrete

Pad

~15cm

Corrugated

Steel Pipe

AMBER_KINETICS

Corrugated Steel Pipe & Cover

Corrugated

Steel Pipe

Lifting

Rings

Concrete

CoverSteel

Rebar

AMBER_KINETICS

Overview 1MW System (0.125 ha)

AMBER_KINETICS

© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential

AMBER_KINETICS

Mechanical Energy Storage

No chemical reaction

Performs in heat & humidity

Peer-Reviewed Operating Data

“MODEL 32”

Power 8 kW

Energy 32 kWh

Duration 4.0 hours

Cooling Passive

Round-trip Efficiency 88%

Daily Cycling Limitation None

Calendar Life 30 years

Electrical

Input / Output Voltage 800 Vdc

Full Power Response Time < 1 sec

Average Coasting Loss < 200 watts

Amber Kinetics “Model 32” Flywheel

Ed ChiaoCEO & Co-Founder

Prior Roles

Corporate Development, Solar Development,

Product Management & Engineering

Early employee in 3 start-ups, all acquired

Will SutherlandSenior VP, Manufacturing Operations

Prior Roles

Parker Hannifin, Bayer Material Science

Artificial Muscle

Wei-Tai KwokChief Operating Officer

Prior Roles

Suntech Power, NRG, Andalay Solar

Rick ChongChief Financial Officer

Prior Roles

Investment Banking, Venture Capital

© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential

Matthew Senesky, Ph.D.Director of Engineering

Prior Roles

Engineering R&D, Tesla Motors & TI

Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, UC Berkeley

Seth Sanders, Ph.D.CTO & Co-Founder

Renowned Flywheel Technologist

Professor, Electrical Engineering, UC Berkeley

Kevin SwartzVP, Business Development

Prior Roles

PG&E, Sempra Energy, Solel (Siemens)

Maine Maritime Academy

AMBER_KINETICS

Bill BarnesManaging Director, Project Development

Prior Roles

Cleantech America (acquired)

Renewable IPP, Utility-Scale Development

Mark StoutVP, Project Development

Prior Roles

Meridian Energy, Cleantech America (acquired)

Amber Kinetics Leadership

AMBER_KINETICS