amcat verbal

8/20/2019 Amcat Verbal

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1. he ______ his chances at the university interview bywearing a pair of jeans and t-shirt.

a)lowered

b)improvedc)jeopardizedd)enhanced

ans: jeopardize

jeopardize

ˈdʒɛpədʌɪz/verb past tense: jeopardized; past participle: jeopardized

1. put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is adanger of loss, harm, or failure."a devaluation of the dollar would jeopardize New York's positionas a financial centre"

2. Q2 I shall not go until I aminvited.Op 1: till I am invitedOp 2: unless I am invitedOp 3: if not I am invitedOp 4: No improvement needed

Op 5:Correct Op : 2

3. Q3 The dissidents hold a greatproblem in every political party.Op 1: causeOp 2: giveOp 3: poseOp 4: No improvement neededOp 5:

threaten, endanger, imperil, menace, risk, put atrisk, expose to risk, putin danger, expose todanger, put ineopardy, put on the line

https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+threaten&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-

https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+endanger&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-



https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+imperil&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-




https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+menace&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-


https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+risk&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-







https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&q=define+threaten&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q_SowAGoVChMIqaDvsfLpxwIVCdSOCh26nAd-



Correct Op : 1

4. Q4 When it was feared that the serfs might go too far andgain their freedom from serfdom, the Protestant leaders joined the princes at crushing them.Op 1: into crushingOp 2: in crushingOp 3: without crushingOp 4: No improvement neededOp 5:

Correct Op : 2

5. Q5 Due to these reason we are all in favour of universalcompulsory education.Op 1: Out of these reasonsOp 2: For these reasonsOp 3: By these reasons

Op 4: No improvement neededOp 5:Correct Op : 2

6. Q6 I would have waited for you at the station if I knew thatyou would come.Op 1: had known

Op 2: was knowingOp 3: have knownOp 4: No improvement neededOp 5:Correct Op : 1

7. Q7 Neha was fined for careless driving.Op 1: got finedOp 2: fined

Op 3: was to be finedOp 4: No improvement needed



Op 5:Correct Op : 4

8. Q8 Whatever to our other problems, we haveno shortcoming to cheap labour in India.Op 1: defaultOp 2: deficitOp 3: scarcityOp 4: No improvement neededOp 5:Correct Op : 3

9. Q9 To get one's name in the Rowland Ward's book ofhunting records was the hot ambition of every serioushunter.Op 1: extremeOp 2: burningOp 3: reluctantOp 4: No improvement neededOp 5:Correct Op : 2

10. (A)The man told to her/ (B) that he had not broughthis dog/ (C) out for awalk as he was afraid that it would rain./ (D) No errorOp 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 1

11. (A) Hemant persisted/(B) to do it/(C) in spite of myadvice/(D) No error.Op 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 2



12. (A) It is true/(B) that God helps those/(C) who helpsthemselves./(D) Noerror.Op 1: (A)

Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 3

13. (A) She sang/ (B) very well/(C)isn't it?./ (D) No error.Op 1: (A)


14. (A) Can I lend/(B) your pencil/(C) for a minute, please ?/(D)No error.Op 1: (A)


15. (A) Umesh is/(B) five years/ (C) senior than me./ (D) Noerror.Op 1: (A)


16. (A) With little patience/(B) you will be able to/(C) cross thishurdle./(D) No

error



Op 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 1

17. (A) The retiring principal asked his old pupils/ (B) to takethe interest in theschool/(C) after he has retired./(D) No errorOp 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 2

18. (A) I had hoped to have met him yesterday/(B) to discussthe matter withhim/(C) but he was not in his house, and so I could not meethim./(D) No error.Op 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 1

19. (A) You will come/(B) to my party tomorrow,/ (C) isn't it ? /(D) No errorOp 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op : 3

20. (A) The meeting adjourned abruptly/(B) by the CEOafter/(C) about threehours of deliberation./(D) No error



Op 1: (A)Op 2: (B)Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)

Op 5:Correct Op : 1

21. (A) One of the members/(B) expressed doubt if/(C) theMinister was anathiest./(D) No error.Op 1: (A)Op 2: (B)

Op 3: (C )Op 4: (D)Op 5:Correct Op :

22. (A) At the end of the year/(B) every student who had doneadequatework/(C) was automatically promoted./(D) No error.Op 1: (A)


23. PERENNIAL (OPPOSITE)

Op 1: frequentOp 2: regularOp 3: lastingOp 4: rareOp 5:Correct Op : 4

24. STARTLED (OPPOSITE)Op 1: amused



Op 2: relaxedOp 3: endlessOp 4: astonishedOp 5:Correct Op : 2

25. STATIONARY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: activeOp 2: mobileOp 3: rapidOp 4: busy

Op 5:Correct Op : 2

26. PERTINENT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: irrationalOp 2: irregularOp 3: insistent

Op 4: irreleventOp 5:Correct Op : 4

27. EPILOGUE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: dialogueOp 2: preludeOp 3: post script

Op 4: epigramOp 5:Correct Op : 2

28. TANGIBLE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: etherealOp 2: concrete

Op 3: actual



Op 4: solidOp 5:Correct Op : 1

29. VANITY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: prideOp 2: humilityOp 3: conceitOp 4: ostentiousOp 5:Correct Op : 2

29. AUGUST (OPPOSITE)Op 1: gloomyOp 2: ingloriousOp 3: cherubicOp 4: affableOp 5:

Correct Op : 230. PHILANTHROPIC (OPPOSITE)Op 1: uxoriousOp 2: parsimoniousOp 3: carnalOp 4: charyOp 5:Correct Op : 2

31. INGENUITY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: skillfulnessOp 2: cunningOp 3: inventiveOp 4: dullnessOp 5:Correct Op : 4

32. PRANKISH (OPPOSITE)Op 1: whimsical

Op 2: machiavellianOp 3: impish



Op 4: seriousOp 5:Correct Op : 4

33. PERT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: impudentOp 2: brashOp 3: savvyOp 4: politeOp 5:Correct Op : 4

34. GAUNT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: emaciatedOp 2: sombreOp 3: plumpOp 4: piquantOp 5:Correct Op : 3

35. FAR-FETCHED (OPPOSITE)Op 1: ingeniousOp 2: facileOp 3: myopicOp 4: credibleOp 5:Correct Op : 4

36. LISTLESS (OPPOSITE)Op 1: energeticOp 2: confinedOp 3: minusculeOp 4: enlistedOp 5:Correct Op : 1



37. BENEDICTION (OPPOSITE)Op 1: antidoteOp 2: intonationOp 3: endowmentOp 4: anathemaOp 5:Correct Op : 4

38. BELLIGERENT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: seditiousOp 2: genialOp 3: corporalOp 4: waryOp 5:Correct Op : 2

39. DISPARITY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: timidityOp 2: bigotry

Op 3: likenessOp 4: influenceOp 5:Correct Op : 3

40. STILTED (OPPOSITE)Op 1: informalOp 2: verbose

Op 3: secretiveOp 4: senselessOp 5:Correct Op : 1

41. DISSOLUTION (OPPOSITE)Op 1: retributionOp 2: compliance

Op 3: futilityOp 4: establishment



Op 5:Correct Op : 4

42. SUMPTUOUS (OPPOSITE)Op 1: openOp 2: frequentOp 3: partialOp 4: restrainedOp 5:Correct Op : 4

43. ORTHODOXY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: renownOp 2: trepidationOp 3: unconventionalityOp 4: remotenessOp 5:Correct Op : 3

44.

HAPLESS (OPPOSITE)Op 1: cheerfulOp 2: consistentOp 3: fortunateOp 4: shapelyOp 5:Correct Op : 3

45. DECADENT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: ethicalOp 2: impetuousOp 3: succinctOp 4: lewdOp 5:Correct Op : 1

46. PROTRACT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: retrace



Op 2: distractOp 3: curtailOp 4: exposeOp 5:Correct Op : 3

47. She used to disparage her neighbour every now andthen. (OPPOSITE)Op 1: pleaseOp 2: praiseOp 3: belittleOp 4: denigrateOp 5:Correct Op : 2

48. The leader was pragmatic in her approach to theproblem facing thecountry. (OPPOSITE)Op 1: indefinite

Op 2: vagueOp 3: idealisticOp 4: optimisticOp 5:Correct Op : 3

49. The incessant noise of the boring machine made itdifficult for us to go to

sleep at night. (OPPOSITE)Op 1: intermittentOp 2: harshOp 3: softOp 4: constantOp 5:Correct Op : 1

50. Ram displays enthusiasm whenever he is posed with aproblem.



(OPPOSITE)Op 1: eagernessOp 2: weaknessOp 3: indifferenceOp 4: softnessOp 5:Correct Op : 3

51. They had an insipid conversation. (OPPOSITE)Op 1: livelyOp 2: argumentativeOp 3: loudOp 4: curiousOp 5:Correct Op : 1

52. The members thought that the task was feasible.(OPPOSITE)Op 1: impractical

Op 2: impossibleOp 3: difficultOp 4: impracticableOp 5:Correct Op : 1

53. I abhor the ideas he sometimes expresses. (OPPOSITE)Op 1: admire

Op 2: respectOp 3: applaudOp 4: appreciateOp 5:Correct Op : 1

54. Like poverty, affluence can sometimes create its ownproblems.

(OPPOSITE)Op 1: indigence



Op 2: opulenceOp 3: sorrowOp 4: exuberanceOp 5:Correct Op : 1

55. IMPASSE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: ResurgenceOp 2: BreakthroughOp 3: ContinuationOp 4: CombinationOp 5:Correct Op : 2

56. VALUABLE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: InvaluableOp 2: WorthlessOp 3: InferiorOp 4: Lowly

Op 5:Correct Op : 2

57. SUBSERVIENT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: AggressiveOp 2: StraightforwardOp 3: DignifiedOp 4: Supercilious

Op 5:Correct Op : 3

58. FRUGAL (OPPOSITE)Op 1: CopiousOp 2: ExtravagantOp 3: GenerousOp 4: Ostentatious

Op 5:



BLASÉ (OPPOSITE)Op 1: fieryOp 2: clever

Op 3: intriguingOp 4: slimOp 5: ardentCorrect Op : 5

AFFABLE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: rudeOp 2: ruddyOp 3: needyOp 4: uselessOp 5: consciousCorrect Op : 1

UNSEEMLY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: effortlessOp 2: properOp 3: conduciveOp 4: pointedOp 5: informativeCorrect Op : 2

LEVITY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: bridgeOp 2: damOp 3: praiseOp 4: blameOp 5: solemnity

Correct Op : 5



JAUNTY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: youthfulOp 2: ruddyOp 3: strongOp 4: unravelledOp 5: sedateCorrect Op : 5

IRREVERENT (OPPOSITE)

Op 1: relatedOp 2: mischievousOp 3: respectiveOp 4: piousOp 5: violentCorrect Op : 4

GRISLY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: suggestiveOp 2: doubtfulOp 3: untidyOp 4: pleasantOp 5: bearishCorrect Op : 4

DILATORY (OPPOSITE)Op 1: narrowingOp 2: promptOp 3: enlargingOp 4: portentousOp 5: sourCorrect Op : 2Ques.

COZEN (OPPOSITE)Op 1: amuse



Op 2: treat honestlyOp 3: prateOp 4: shackleOp 5: vilify

Correct Op : 2

CHAFFING (OPPOSITE)Op 1: achievingOp 2: seriousOp 3: capitalisticOp 4: sneezingOp 5: expensive

Correct Op : 2

NEFARIOUS (OPPOSITE)Op 1: variousOp 2: lackingOp 3: benignOp 4: pompous

Op 5: futileCorrect Op : 3

IGNOBLE (OPPOSITE)Op 1: produced by fireOp 2: worthyOp 3: given to questioning

Op 4: hugeOp 5: knownCorrect Op : 2

TRANSIENT (OPPOSITE)Op 1: carriedOp 2: closeOp 3: permanent

Op 4: removedOp 5: certain



Correct Op : 3

WAIF

Op 1: soldierOp 2: urchinOp 3: surrenderOp 4: breezeOp 5: spouseCorrect Op : 2

REPRISAL

Op 1: revaluationOp 2: assessmentOp 3: lossOp 4: retaliationOp 5: nonsense

Correct Op : 4

PHLEGMATICOp 1: calmOp 2: crypticOp 3: practicalOp 4: salivaryOp 5: dishonestCorrect Op : 1

MUSTYOp 1: staleOp 2: necessaryOp 3: indifferentOp 4: nonchalantOp 5: vividCorrect Op : 1

MISDEMEANOUROp 1: felonyOp 2: misdeedOp 3: indignity



Op 4: fiatOp 5: illiteracyCorrect Op : 2

EGREGIOUSOp 1: piousOp 2: outrageousOp 3: anxiousOp 4: sociableOp 5: gloomyCorrect Op : 2

INCULCATEOp 1: exculpateOp 2: educateOp 3: exonerateOp 4: prepareOp 5: embarrassCorrect Op : 2

GARNISHOp 1: paintOp 2: garnerOp 3: adornOp 4: abuseOp 5: banishCorrect Op : 3

EMACIATEDOp 1: garrulousOp 2: primevalOp 3: vigorousOp 4: disparateOp 5: thinCorrect Op : 5

CORPULENT



Op 1: regenerateOp 2: obeseOp 3: differentOp 4: hungry

Op 5: bloodyCorrect Op : 2

CITEOp 1: galvanizeOp 2: visualizeOp 3: locateOp 4: quote

Op 5: signalCorrect Op : 4

AVERTOp 1: entertainOp 2: transformOp 3: turn awayOp 4: lead toward

Op 5: displeaseCorrect Op : 3

Pertaining to charms or magicOp 2: Highly sensitiveOp 3: Needlessly repetitiousOp 4: Highly touchyOp 5: FleetingCorrect Op : 3

PERIPATETICOp 1: WorldlyOp 2: DisarmingOp 3: MovingOp 4: InherentOp 5: SeekingCorrect Op : 1



OPALESCENTOp 1: IridescentOp 2: TransparentOp 3: Translucent

Op 4: PollutantOp 5: Giving off an odour

Op 1: EpilogueOp 2: ConclusionOp 3: PerorationOp 4: PermutationOp 5: Percussion

Correct Op : 3

Flowers and insectsor anything lasting only for a day.Op 1: TransitionalOp 2: EphemeralOp 3: TransientOp 4: Transitory

Op 5: MonumentalCorrect Op : 2

A person who readilybelieves others.Op 1: CreditableOp 2: CredibleOp 3: Credulous

Op 4: SensitiveOp 5: SensibleCorrect Op : 3

The liberal school of thought trusts in education reform, andthe sporadic use of force to remedy the depravity of certainisolated individualsor groups.

Op 1: Infrequent, irregularOp 2: Persistent, constant



Op 3: ContinuousOp 4: SparingOp 5: Corrective and preventive bothCorrect Op : 1

Ques.He has got a meretricious style which does not produce a lastingeffect.Op 1: CapriciousOp 2: WhimsicalOp 3: FlamboyantOp 4: Pretentious

Op 5: Showily attractiveCorrect Op : 5

By his speech he fermented trouble in the ranks of the army.Op 1: QuietenedOp 2: Channelized into healthy directionsOp 3: Stirred upOp 4: Contained and suppressed

Op 5: None of theseCorrect Op : 3

The environment left a deleterious effect on his health.Op 1: FatiguingOp 2: WeakeningOp 3: AestheticOp 4: Harmful

Op 5: HealthCorrect Op : 4

The economic cataclysm which followed the industrial revolutionbrought with it complex problems hitherto unknown.Op 1: DepressionOp 2: BoomOp 3: RegenerationOp 4: Sudden and violent changeOp 5: Unprecedented collapseCorrect Op : 4



The agnostic demanded proof before he would accept thestatement of the secretary.

Op 1: The pessimistOp 2: The scepticOp 3: Sceptic about the existence of god or any ultimate realityOp 4: The atheistOp 5: The altruistCorrect Op : 3

He has a propensity for getting into debt.

Op 1: natural tendencyOp 2: aptitudeOp 3: characteristicOp 4: qualityOp 5:Correct Op : 1

The angry villagers have lynched two suspected childlifters

already.Op 1: beaten upOp 2: capturedOp 3: killedOp 4: mutilatedOp 5:Correct Op : 3

We didn't believe in his statement, but subsequent events provedthat he was right.Op 1: laterOp 2: manyOp 3: fewOp 4: earlierOp 5:Correct Op : 1

Op 1: fallible



Op 2: enthusiasticOp 3: unsuspectingOp 4: unrealisticOp 5:

Correct Op : 3

His style is quite transparent.Op 1: verboseOp 2: involvedOp 3: lucidOp 4: wittyOp 5:

Correct Op : 3

A person unrestrained by the rules of morality or tradition iscalled a licentious person.Op 1: libertineOp 2: loafertypeOp 3: criminalOp 4: freelance

Op 5:Correct Op : 1

Swift is known in the world of letters for his misogynism.Op 1: hatred for mankindOp 2: hatred for womankindOp 3: love for the reasonableOp 4: love for womankind

Op 5:Correct Op : 2

The great dancer impressed the appreciative crowd byher nimble movements.Op 1: unrhythmicOp 2: livelyOp 3: quickening

Op 4: clearOp 5:



Correct Op : 3

She corroborated the statement of her brother.Op 1: confirmed

Op 2: disprovedOp 3: condemnedOp 4: secondedOp 5:Correct Op : 1

True religion does not require one to proselytise through guile orforce.

Op 1: translateOp 2: hypnotiseOp 3: attackOp 4: convertOp 5:Correct Op : 4

He is averse to the idea of holding elections now.Op 1: convincedOp 2: angryOp 3: agreeableOp 4: opposedOp 5:Correct Op : 4

The claims of students look hollow when they attribute their poorperformance to difficulty of examination.Op 1: inferOp 2: imputeOp 3: inhereOp 4: inundateOp 5:Correct Op : 2

VENTOp 1: Opening



Op 2: StodgyOp 3: EndOp 4: Past tense of goOp 5:

Correct Op : 1

GRATIFYOp 1: AppreciateOp 2: FrankOp 3: IndulgeOp 4: PacifyOp 5:Correct Op : 4

CORPULENTOp 1: LeanOp 2: GauntOp 3: EmaciatedOp 4: ObeseOp 5:Correct Op : 4

ADMONISHOp 1: PunishOp 2: CurseOp 3: DismissOp 4: ReprimandOp 5:Correct Op : 4

MENDACIOUSOp 1: Full of confidenceOp 2: FalseOp 3: EncouragingOp 4: ProvocativeOp 5:Correct Op : 2



RESTRAINTOp 1: HindranceOp 2: RepressionOp 3: Obstacle

Op 4: RestrictionOp 5:Correct Op : 4

LAMENTOp 1: ComplainOp 2: CommentOp 3: Condone

Op 4: ConsoleOp 5:Correct Op : 1

DISTANTOp 1: FarOp 2: RemovedOp 3: ReservedOp 4: SeparateOp 5:Correct Op : 1

Op 1: AgreementsOp 2: ContractsOp 3: DocumentsOp 4: LettersOp 5:Correct Op : 4

IRONICOp 1: InflexibleOp 2: BitterOp 3: GoodnaturedOp 4: Disguisedly sarcasticOp 5:Correct Op : 4



TIMID

Op 1: FastOp 2: SlowOp 3: MediumOp 4: ShyOp 5:Correct Op : 4

Find opposite...........

1) INTENT(A) Distant(B) Target(C) Reluctant(D) Content(E) Rap

11) TREACHEROUS(A) Faithful(B) Fake(C) Unsurpassable(D) True

12) ENCHANT(A) Repel

(B) Evoke(C) Bewitch(D) Entice

6) CONSTITUENT(A) Whole(B) Component(C) Element

(D) Citizen



7) SUFFOCATE(A) Curb(B) Restrain

(C) Release(D) Stifle

G35 : J3P :: L4X : ?(a)P3Y(B)O3T(C) P4T(D)Q4S

ANS IS(C)

Meena thakur was promoted as a Manager five year back after joining the organisation in 1986 as clerk. She stays with herhusband and children in a rented house and she does not ownany house. She was 42 years old as on 23rd april 2000(a) The employee is to be provided with accommodation.(b) The employee is not to be provided with accommodation.

(c) Insufficient data(d)the employee case is to be referred to the finance.(d)the employee case is to be referred to the finance director.(e) the employee case is to be referred to managing director.ans is (c)

among five friends A,B,C,D,E who is the tallest?(1) B is taller than A, but smaller than D & E.

(2) C is smaller than B.(a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient(b) Statement 2 alone is sufficient(c) Both statement put together is sufficient(d) Both statement put together is not sufficient(e)Either of statement is sufficient in answering the question.

ans will be d



Efficiency is all right in its place, in shop, the factory, the store.The trouble with efficiency is that it wants to rule our play as well as our work; it won'tbe content to reign in t

he shop, it follows us home1. Efficiency can become all pervading.2. Efficiency does not always pay.3. Efficiency can be more of a torture than blessing.4. none of these.

synonym of VOGUE

Q Synonym. Nominal

Q Opposite .concise

Miscellaneous1)Tractor

2)Yacht3)Bicycle4)Truck5)Cara)1,3,5,4,2b)3,1,4,5,2c)3,5,1,4,2d)3,1,4,2,5

Find out error:A)the phrase'Be the change you want(B)to see in the world' was(C)said through Mahatma Gandhia)Ab)Bc)Cd)No error

Spotting Errors



his dream of holding an exhibition intoreality when she shifted to Delhia)was being turningb)had turned

c)is turningd)will turn

He finished his novel__________ I was getting ready __________ office.a)because,forb)while,forc)while,tod)since,for

choose the alternative to the qutationed part:I did not go to school 'IN"a week after an accidenta)throughb)withinc)ford)after

Scientists believe that during initial years of theof the earth.water bodies increaed in the size due to continuous rainfalla)formativeb)formationsc)formationd)formed

choose the alternative to the qutationed part:munnar "IS THE MOST REFRESHINGAND TRANQUIL" hill stationin the state of kerala.a)is most refreshing and tranquilityb)is most refresh and tranquilc)is a most refreshing and tranquild)no change

Find out error:



(A) sita has a hobby of writing poems (B)whenever she had been(C)free and in the mood of writing.a)Ab)B

c)Cd)No error

Residents of North police have different lifestyles andrequirements thanlivingin other parts of the world.a)theirb)them

c)thosed)Residents

choose the alternative to the qutationed part:The boss was unsure as to what "TRIGGERED"the argumentbetween Shym and Shankar.a)spreadb)broke

c)Haltedd)provoked

The petrol price has been rising for the past 5 years.it is highly __________thatit will decrease in the near futurea)unrealisticb)unlikely

c)unnaturald)unacceptable

choose the alternative to the qutationed part:Rashid was "TAKEN ABACK"when he got his health reports.a)surprisedb)shockedc)afraid

d)worried



choose the alternative part to the qutationed partShe "HAS LIVED" in chennai she was eight yearsa)Lived

b)Has been Livingc)Had Stayedd)is living

being poor , kaveen still depress more appropriately than most ofher groupmatesa)Despite

b)Althoughc)Sinced)However

Choose the alternative to the qutationed partThe appropriate atmospheric conditions made it feasible for theastronomers to see the stars "AND THEY COULD EVENDISTINGUISH THE SIZES"

a)And even distinguish the sizesb)And they were even distinguish the sizesc)And he could even distinguish the sizesd)And even distinguishing the sizes

Find out error?(A) India is a vast country (B) that offers immeasurableexperiences (C) to all visitors

a)Ab)Bc)Cd)No error

Choose the alternative to quotation partthey were going home "WHEN IT WAS STARTING TO RAIN "a)when it started to rain

b)when it was rainingc)when it is starting to rain



d)No change

Find out any error(A) All the guests on the (B) boat got frightened(C) when they

heard the alarmA)Ab)Bc)Cd)No Errorto be a good swimmer ,you should know how to hold your breathfor a whilea)for whileb)however since

c)in placed)in order

There was in the country when their cricket team won the worldcupa)Happinessb)Energyc)Shock

d) Jubliation

Arrange the correct sequence:S1:Hi.Sandeep .hope all is well with youS2:nonetheless.we had great fun while raftingP:We all went for a short trip last weekend to rishikesh forcamping and raftingQ:it was a lot of fun as we all stayed in camp at the river side

R:Everybody here is doing is greatS:there weren't many rapids in the river this year due to lessrain.a)PSRQb)SPQRc)RPQSd)QPRS

NOVICE(opposite)a)Neophyte



b)Adeptc)Probationerd)Greenhorn

Fickle(opposite)A)fiddleb)Stablec)volatiled)Lame

VANISH(Mening)

a)Evacuateb)Decreasec)Disappeard)Harm

Choose the alternate word to PREDICTIONAs per weather "PREDICTION",it will rain heavily for the next oneweek

a)observationb)reportc)newsd)forecast

The interview panel asked her to wait ______Friday for the finaldecissiona)upto

b)tillc)ford)sincee)to

Find out any gramatical error or not?(A )His Low marks in English (B) suggested that he did (C) notknow nothing (D) about the language (E) No error

a)Ab)B



c)Cd)De)E

Find out any grammatical error or not?(A)Yauhan do not understand(B) the importance of moneyas(C)he never had to earn himsellfa)Ab)Bc)Cd)No error

The guest wanted to know the _______ hotel was offering him anextra overnight stay that they promised hima)forb)wasc)whetherd)As

To find whether there is any error or not?

A)Green home cleaning can be a tiny (B)and imperative step in(c)balancing and preserving our naturea)Ab)Bc)Cd)No error

Arrange the fragments of A,B,C,D,E,F in order to meaning ful

sentence?A)disappointed ifB)not fulfilledC)do not beD)orE)promises areF)friends let you down

a)CFDAEB

b)CABDEFc)CAFDBE



d)CAFDEBe)CBAEDF

To fing whethere there is any gramatical error or not?(A) A salesman of that (B) comany tried to (C) cheated a naiveladya)Ab)Bc)Cd)NoError

how many liters of a 90%solution of a concentrated acid needs tobe mixed with 75% solution of concentrated acid to get 30Lsolution of 78% concentrated acid?a)24Lb)22.5Lc)6Ld)17.5L

From the given anagrams select the odd one outa)CABBAGESb)CARROTSc)DATESd)CHERRIES

Ques 14 : Select the word or phrase which best expresses themeaning of the given word.

VENTOption 1 : OpeningOption 2 : StodgyOption 3 : EndOption 4 : Past tense of go

(A) Fatimah is a girl of principle, and she (B) would never goagainst her values (C) to get admission in that institute(C) No

errorfind error in above stmnt



Q what is the maening of trust

Q the meaning of primal

if we permute 5 letters of the word „lemon‟ in 5! ways in howmany words vowels do not come together?1. 1202. 723. 484. 24

a bank advertises that you can double the money by investing itwith them for 8 years what is the interest rate offered by them?1. 12.50%2. 10%3. 8.50%4. 14%

a/b is a fraction where a

Rashid was (taken a back) when he got his health report.a)surprisedb)c)d)worried

Funds are Scarce, so are needed to rebuild homes destroyed bythe food.1. patience2. volunteers3. workers4. materials

ABSURD (SIMILER WORD)1. absent



2.present3.equitable4. level5. lname

ENFORCE (OPPOSITE)1. Administer2.Accomplish3.Abandon4.Exert

Sincere people remain loyal __________ their friends in all

circumstancesOptiona) againstb) inc) byd) withe) to

Q 1) All the efforts of the batsmen went ______ vain as the

blowers failed to perform wellOptiona) inb) onc) ford) off

Q2) His dream of holding an exhibition _________ into realitywhen he shifted to delhiOptiona) was being turningb) had turnedc) is turningd) will turn



Q3) The guest wanted to know __________ the hotel wasoffering him an extra overnight stay that they promised himOptionA) for

B) wasc) whetherd) asQ 4) It was a seesaw battle but manipeet ___________ ahead inthe third round the winOptiona) flowedB) Ebbedc) perched

D) receded

Q gigantic

Q lumunious

Q invincible

Q Conceited(Meaning)1.Arrogant2.False3.Deceive4.Misconception

Q performance appraisal that contain _____________ criticismare appreciated

Q absurd ? synonym

(A) Can I lend(B) your pencil(C) for a minute, please ?(D) No

error.ans: A



(A) The man told to her/ (B) that he had not brought his dog/ (C)out for a walk as he was afraid that it would rain./ (D) No error

Ans: A

a writer always is having his own vision of life1. always has2. always had3. always have4.have always5. no improvement needed(A) i feel that mary will going (B) for the closing ceremony of (C)

the commonwealth games(a)(b)(c)no error

(A) western culture have (B) influenced many people in (C) indiain a very powerful way.

1.(A)2.(B)3.(C)4. no

do not move towards the car as/while/until/inspite you havefinished your milksyn and ant onrush, constituent, timid, unilateral

(A) THERE IS A LOTS/ (B) OF MILK LEFT IN THE JAR/ (C) FORTHE REST OF US/ (D) NO ERROR(A)(B)(C)(D)

he finished his novel ___ i was getting ready _____ office



all the faculty members except hod _______ to the newcurriculum propose by prof. bhosin

singer from all over the world (gathered there to paying tribute)to a legend music ... alternate sentence resident of north polehave different life style and requirements than _____ living inother part of the world the oriental express is hyderabad boundtrain from delhi and it goes ____ bhopal

Q THE WANDERS HERE AND THERE IN SEARCH OF SILENCE ANDPEACE.HE LIVES IN A

_______LIFE.[A]NOMADIC[B]BORING[C]RELIGIOUS[D]BUSY

Q RIMA AVOIDS TRAVELLING BY FLIGHT AS SHE FEELS AFRAIDDURING TAKE ______

AND LANDING.[A]ON[B]UP[C]OFF[D]AWAY

Q ASTRONAUTS HAVE COMPLETED A MAJOR MISSION IN SPACEIT WAS_____A REPLACEMENT OF THE FUEL TANK IN ONE THESPACE STATIONS

[A]CONCERNS[B]CONCERN[C]CONCERNING[D]CONCERNED

FILMS ARE BECOMING A MEDIUM OF CULTURALCONTACTS,GOOD RELATIONS AND_____AMONG DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

[A]WARS[B]LOVE



[C]HARMONY[D]CONFORMITY

ALL PARTY MEMBERS WHEN THE REPORTERS______HADSUPPORTED THE LEADERS FOR INTRODUCING THE ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM[A]INTERVIEW[B]INTERVIEWS[C]INTERVIEWED[D]INTERVIEWING

WE WERE THINKING____IT_______SOMETHING REQUIEM FOROUR AGE[A]FOR,BECAUSE[B]FOR,AS[C]OF,SINCE[D]OF,AS KEEP AN EYE

THE LABOUR UNION DECIDED TO GO ON STRIKE SINCE THE

MANAGEMENT WAS ADMARK AND DID NOT AGREE TO THEIRTERMS THE DISCUSSION HAD REACHED A/AN__________[A]CLIMAX[B]OBSTACLE[C]IMPETUS[D]IMPANE

WE NEED TO CALL THIS_______",MONIKA DEMANDED.

[A]OUT[B]AT[C]OFF[D]AWAY

THE INSTITUTE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE ANY CHANGE INTHE ITEMS______IN THE ITINERARY.[A]CONTAINS

[B]CONTAINED[C]CONTAIN



[D]INCLUDE

chicago is widely known for its stuffed pizza and pizza pie JOINTS

HAVE ALWAYS BUSTING with innumerable people.(a)joints which were busting(b)joints that are always supposed to be busting(c)joints that have always been busting(d)no improvement needed

The success that he has gained, though striking enough, doesnot, however,

commensurate . . . . the efforts made by him.a. Aboutb. Fromc. Withd. Besidee. Over

It is preposterous on your part to look for a job without first

completing your education.a. Wiseb. Imperativec. Advisabled. Most admirablee. Very absurd

Diaspora (Opposite)1.Spread

2.Movement3.Focus4.Scattering

Q what is the opposite of hamper

Q A)WHEN CAPTAIN CALLED THE CREW B) EACH OF THE CREW

MEMBER RAN TOWARDS C) THE DECK OF SHIP1)A



2)B3)C

Q A)HARISH LIKES TO PLAY CRICKET B)AND RIDING BICYCLEBESIDES C)PLAYING VIDEO GAMES1)A2)B3)C

The protracated illness has reduced him________skeletonA)THROUGHB)TILLC)TOD)ROUNDE)FROM

Sentence Completion ______ NEGLIGENCE OF THE TRANSPORT COMPANY,LOT OF OURGOODS WERE DAMAGED IN TRANSITA)SINCE THEB)DUE TOC)INSPITED)REASON OF

Sentence CompletionTHE ORIGIN OF ATTENTION DEFICIT ORDER(ADD),AS BELIEVEDBY MANY MEDICAL EXPERTS CAN BE CONGENTIAL WHEREOTHERS BELIEVE IT TO BEA)EXOGENOUSB)DELETRIOUSC)PATHOLOGIAL

D)ENVIROLMENTALE)CELESTIAL



A) Juhu beach in Mumbai was filled with B)innumerable peoplewho had gathered there C)To see the discovered newly ancient

temple1)A2)B3)C4)NO ERROR

The institute reserves the right to make any change in the items

______ in the itienary1)contains2)contained3)contain4)includes

Heritage languages which are rich in culture arebecoming________1)extinct

2)extinguish3)extinction4)extinctive

BROADLY (OPPOSITE)(a) Specifically (b) Individually (c) Separately (d) Hardly

Profession(Opposite)1. Pastime2. Idleness3. Subordinate4. Joblessness

(A) Fishermen is (B) spotted catching on (C) the bank of theriver.

1. (A)2. (B)



3. (C)4. No error

Spotting ErrorsBROADLY(OPPOSITE)1. Specifically2. Individually3.Separately4. Hardly

Select the correct alternative.

Many (peoples of world keep) procrastinating and then they losein the end.1. Many people in the world keeps2. Many people in world keep3. Many people in the world keep4. No improvement needed

Find Grammatical error.

Q (A) Widespread use of internet has created (B) a panic in themusic industry, which face a problem (C) of lesser sales, as moreof its customers get their desired music files from the internet,free of cost.1. (A)2. (B)3. (C)4. No error

Spotting Errorsafter being promoted. she is not bothered____the office gossipabout her private life.1. for2. in3. from4. by

His recent success_____him more arrogant than what he used tobe.



1. make2. have make him3. has made4. was making

One Word SubstitutionFind grammatical error.A) Big brands like Sony, Samsung and (B) Nokia have beenlaunched many phones having latest (C) features like facebookapplication, orkut tool and much more.1. (A)2.(B)

3. (C)4. No error

The great epics of ancient India took shape in the course ofseveral hundred years, and________ , many additions were made to them.1. following2. then3. subsequently

4. otherwise

One Word SubstitutionRadha did not get a promotion________ her consistentperformance throughout the year.

1.besides2.inspite

3.despite4.although

Q antonym of premeditated

Q antonym of advent

Q antonym of affable



Q antonym of arrogant

Q synonym of hinder

Q synonym of shabby

Q synonym of conceited

Excessive amounts of mercury in drinking water, associated withcertain types of industrial pollution have been shown to causeHobsons disease. Island L has an economy based entirely onsubsistence level agriculture modern industry of any kind isunknown. The inhabitants of Island L have unusually highincidence of Hobsons disease.

a)Mercury in drinking water is actually perfectly safe

b)Mercury in drinking water must have sources other thanindustrial pollutionc)Hobsons disease must have causes other than mercury indrinking waterd)Both options (1) and (2)e)Both options (3) and (2)

One Word Substitution

New concerns about growing religious tension in north indiawere______ this week after fifity people were killed and hundredswere arrested in riots between hindu and musilm

A)INVALIDATEDB)LESSENEDC)RESTRAINEDD)DISPERSEDE)FUELED



A)Guilt and Self pleasure are B)two most strong drivers C)of anyhuman act1)A2)B

3)C4)NO ERROR

Spotting Errors1. The leaves _______________ yellow and drya. Wereb. Hadc. Being

d. Was

2. Nothing ____________ convinced her to cancel her trip to goaa. Was going tob. Could havec. Couldd. Will have

3. He had no interest in _________________ obligatory dinnersand social eventsa. Attendb. Attendingc. Attendsd. Attend to

4. There was __________ in the country when their cricket teamwon the world cupa. Happinessb. Energyc. Shockd. Jubilation

5. The experiment lead to the emission of _____________ vapor,

which resulted in immediate termination of the researcha. Noxious



b. Nontoxicc. Innocuousd. Bland

6. Salim could not make it to the party as he ___________tofinish his assignmenta. Hadb. Hasc. Haved. Want

Sentence CompletionA contract must be honoured. You cannot _______ on it.

One Word SubstitutionA)India is a vast country B)that offers immersuarble experiencesC)to all visitorserror in1)A

2)B3)C4)NO ERROR

he worked really hard thus____to be promoteda)deservesb)deservec)merit

d)warrented

The glass lay_________ on the tablea)not touchb)untouchedc)untouchingd)not touch



One Word Substitutionwe need to call this mounikademandeda)out

b)atc)offd)away

(A)yauhan do not understand(B)the importance of money as(C)he never had to earn himself

Spotting ErrorsSunita has flair ____ music.a)atb)toc)withd)for

transient (Opposite)

a)temporalb)persistentc)emigratingd)transitory

For as long as she could remembered ,Divya has "loved tocook,to dance , and until her poor vision made it impossible forher to do so",reading books.

option:a)cooking ,dancing and until her poor vision made it impossiblefor her to do so sorry one option only i remember

Spotting ErrorsThe company _________ increase her salary before appraisaloption:a)was being refused

b)refused toc)refused of



d)refuse to

The fire fighting team reached the venue quickly andextinguished the fire ______savin

g many life.option:Thereforehencetherebythen

Spotting Errorsa)Farmfare was the largest rage b)on social networking sites

these day and c)has a big fan followingoption:a errorb errorc errorno error

A)Shalini win the race b)as she practiced too hard c)for thetournamentoption:a errorb errorc errorno error

It is preposterous on your part to look for a job without firstcompleting your education.a. Wise b. Imperative c. Advisable d. Most admirable e. Veryabsurd

Select the word or phrase which best expresses the meaning ofthe given word. : VENT

Op 1: OpeningOp 2: Stodgy



Op 3: EndOp 4: Past tense of goOp 5:Correct Op : 1

elect the word or phrase which best expresses the meaning of thegiven word. : ADMONISHOp 1: PunishOp 2: CurseOp 3: DismissOp 4: Reprimand

Op 5:Correct Op : 4

According to recent study , in the local municipal election ,thecandidate who interacts more with the resident welfareassociation and wins theirs trust will get the maximum namerecognition in the election.option:

a)Local residence welfare association are the most importantfactor in election in city.b)Maximum name recognition will help the candidate wins ahigher % of votes during election.c)Resident welfare association exert a lot of influence over thevoting population residing in city.d)For maximum name recognition a candidate need not spend alot of money on poster, banner and add campaigns

Skeptics argue the flying saucers and UFOS that are beleived tobe guided by extraterristial begins or aliens are creation of humanimagination.They have demonstrated that number of photo thatapperently show flying saucer are either phony (or) are misinterpreted image of earthly or natural object such as aeroplaneor metors.How ever there are scientist who have also contributedplenty of evidence and arrested that aliens do exist.option:



a)Lack of crediability of photo evidence should be taken as proofof nonexistence of aliens.b)While the existence of flying saucer and UFOS has been denied,the possibility of alien being still a reality

c)UFOS and flying saucers ,its a reality are of same shape andsize of a alien and ufos.d)The fact that a number of photo of flying saucers are fakecannot disapprove the existence of alien and UFOS

The company encourages its manager to interact regularly,without preset agenda,to discuss issue concerning the companyand society.This idea has been borrowed from the ancient indian

concept of religion congregation,called sastany.Designation areforgetten during these meetings;hence it is not uncommon inthese meetings to find a management trainee questioning themanaging director on some corporate policy or his knowledge ofcustomer.option:a)The company concerned about it reputation with it employeeb)The company beleives in fostering the spirit of dialouge withoutdegenerating it into

a positioning based debate.c)The company had some inter personnelproblems in the past due to which it felt thehead for these corporate sastangs.d)all of the above

Q all the history books belonging to the mughal period havebeen.------- fromsanskrit to

english.A transferredB dictatedC translatedD dubbed

Q Sacrificing means referring toa)killing meritb)selection on the basis of merit

c)encouraging reservationd)none



Q Egalitarian means?option:a)characterized by beleif in equality of all people

B))characterized by beleif inequality of all people.c)another word for reservation.d)growth

DISTANCE : MILEa. liquid : pint b. weight : scalec. ton : iron d. well : water

Q what it mean??Every cloud has silver lining

Sentence ArrangementA firework suddenly . . . unexpectedly.(1) fired off (2) went off(3) blew off (4) broke up

Miscellaneous

DISTANCE : MILE(1) liquid : pint (2) weight : scale(3) ton : iron (4) well : water

Sentence ArrangementSUPRESS(1) stimulate (2) curb

(3) allay (4) redress

CONFUSE(1) puzzle (2) orthodox(3) sink (4) gratitude

Q opposite of discreet ,

Sentence Completion

i want ramesh and she to be the captain for the rest of the year.a her to be the captains for the rest of the year.



b she to be the captain for the rest of the year.c her as the captains for the rest of the year.d she both be captains for the rest of the year.

One Word Substitutionanybody wants to come with me ?a does anybody want to come with me ?b is anybody want to come with me ?c anybody want to come with me ?d anybody wants to come with me ?

Spotting Errorsit took me a while to _______ to the new job

a adaptb refreshc renewd dismiss

One Word Substitutionthese clothes are very nice,but the are terribly ________________a ugly

b overpricedc desiredd adorable

This brand of TV is quite inferior_____ that one.A) thanB) toC) with

D) over

One Word SubstitutionThe stenographer is very efficient. He is ______ to his firm.A) an assetB) a creditC) a blessing

D) a boon



Q synonym of musty

Q antonym of ignite

Spotting ErrorsMy accountant advised me that one of the best way to _____paying taxes was to set up an offshore bank account.a get away withb get by withc get down to

d get around

Either the committee on course design or the committee oncollege operations ______these matters.a decideb decide onc decide in

d decides

One Word SubstitutionWe were no _____ than a man _______ in his own house.a more shy , will beb less shy , would bec shyer , would bed more shyer , would have been

One Word Substitutioni______ just one proper meal since yesterday morning.a hadb atec have hadd would have eaten

(A) The whole thing moves/ (B) around the concept of building asmall dynamic/(C) org



anization into a larger one. / (D) No error.Optiona) Ab) B

c) Cd) D

Spotting ErrorsCountries which still undergoing the economic processes know asdeveloping countriesOptiona) Were, areb) Are, were

c) Are, ared) Is, aree) Are ,is

Select the word which is OPPOSITE in the meaning of the givenword: INDISCREETa) Reliableb) Honestc) Prudent

d) StupidOpposite meaning of ENDORSE

Ques : Choose the correct answerParul takes as input two numbers: a and b. a and b can takeinteger values between 0 and 255. She stores a, b and c as 1byte

data type. She writes the following code statement to process a and b and put the result in c.c = a + 2*bTo her surprise her program gives the right output with someinput values of a and b,while gives an erroneous answer for others. For which of thefollowing inputs will it givea wrong answer?Option 1 : a = 10 b = 200

Option 2 : a = 200 b = 10Option 3 : a = 50 b = 100



Option 4 : a = 100 b = 50

Ques : Choose the correct answerA new language has 15 possible letters, 8 different kinds of

punctuation marks and a blank character. Rahul wants to createtwo data types, first one which could store the letters of thelanguage and a second one which could store any character in thelanguage.The number of bits required to store these two datatypeswill respectively be:Option 1 : 3 and 4Option 2 : 4 and 3Option 3 : 4 and 5

Option 4 : 3 and 5

Ques 5 : Choose the correct answerRajni wants to create a datatype for the number of books in herbook case. Her shelf can accommodate a maximum of 75 books.She allocates 7 bits to the datatype. Later another shelf is addedto her bookcase. She realizes that she can still use the samedatatype for storing the number of books in her bookcase. Whatis the maximum possible capacity of her new added shelf?

Option 1: 52Option 2: 127Option 3: 53Option 4: 75

Ques 4 : Choose the correct answer A 10bit unsigned integer hasthe following range:Option 1 : 0 to 1000Option 2 : 0 to 1024

Option 3 : 1 to 1025Option 4 : 0 to 1023

Ques 3 : Choose the correct answerA language has 28 different letters in total. Each word in thelanguage is composed of maximum 7 letters. You want to createa datatype to store a word of this language. You decide to store

the word as an array of letters. How many bits will you assign to



the datatype to be able to store all kinds of words of thelanguage.Option 1 : 7Option 2 : 35

Option 3 : 28Option 4 : 196

Ques. Select the option that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaningto the given word . :

SAGACIOUS (OPPOSITE)Op 1: foolishOp 2: bitterOp 3: voraciousOp 4: veraciousOp 5: fallaciousCorrect Op : 1

Ques. Select the word or phrase which fits each definition. : Aperson who readily believes others.

Op 1: CreditableOp 2: CredibleOp 3: Credulous

Op 4: SensitiveOp 5: SensibleCorrect Op : 3

Ques. Select the word or phrase which best expresses the

meaning of the given word. :VORACIOUS



Op 1: WildOp 2: HungryOp 3: AngryOp 4: Quick

Op 5:Correct Op : 2

Q. Directions: In the following question a part of the sentence isunderlined. Beneath each sentence there are four ways of

phrasing the underlined part. Choose the answer that expressesmost effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Theboss was very displeased for my conduct.(1) on my conduct(2) to my conduct(3) at my conduct(4) in my conduct

pick one odd word from these words

1.fair2.pair3.hair4.chair

find the odd out of the following1.D6J2.T4Z3.M6S

4.K7Z

Paragraphs(AMCAT)

The Indian government‟s intention of introducing caste basedquotas for the “Other Backward Classes” in centrally funded

institutions of higher learning and the prime minister‟s suggestion

to the private sector to „voluntarily go in for reservation‟, has

once again sparked off a debate on the merits and demerits ofcaste-based reservations. Unfortunately, the predictable divide



between the votaries of “social justice” on one hand and those

advocating “merit” on the other seems to have once again

camouflaged the real issues. It is necessary to take a holistic andnon-partisan view of the issues involved.

The hue and cry about “sacrificing merit” is untenable simply

because merit is after all a social construct and it cannot bedetermined objectively in a historically unjust and unequalcontext. The idea of competitive merit will be worthy of seriousattention only in a broadly egalitarian context. But then, caste isnot the only obstacle in the way of an egalitarian order.

After all, economic conditions, educational opportunities anddiscrimination on the basis of gender also contribute to the denialof opportunity to express one‟s true merit and worth. It is

interesting to note that in the ongoing debate, one side refuses tosee the socially constructed nature of the notion of merit, whilethe other side refuses to recognise the multiplicity of themechanisms of exclusion with equal vehemence.

The idea of caste-based reservations is justified by the logic ofsocial justice. This implies the conscious attempt to restructure agiven social order in such a way that individuals belonging to thetraditionally and structurally marginalised social groups getadequate opportunities to actualise their potential and realisetheir due share in the resources available.

In any society, particularly in one as diverse and complex as theIndian society, this is going to be a gigantic exercise and mustnot be reduced to just one aspect of state policy. Seen in thislight, caste-based reservation has to work in tandem with otherpolicies ensuring the elimination of the structures of socialmarginalisation and denial of access. It has to be seen as ameans of achieving social justice and not an end in itself. By thesame logic it must be assessed and audited from time to time likeany other social policy and economic strategy.Hence, it is important, to discuss reservation in the holistic

context of much required social restructuring and not to convert it



into a fetish of „political correctness‟. Admittedly, caste remains a

social reality and a mechanism of oppression in Indian society.But can we say that caste is the only mechanism of oppression?Can we say with absolute certainty that poverty amongst the so-

called upper castes has been eradicated? Can we say that theregions of Northeast, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh are on par with theglittering metros of Delhi and Mumbai? Can we say that a pupilfrom a panchayat school in Bihar is equipped to compete with analumnus of Doon School on an equal footing, even if both of thembelong to the same caste group? One of my students onceremarked that he was regularly compelled to swim across arivulet in order to reach his school, and the rivulet in question did

not distinguish between Brahmins and dalits. Incidentally, thisyoung man happens to be a Brahmin by birth! Can we also saythat gender plays no role in denial of social opportunities? Afterall, this society discriminates against girls even before they areborn. What to talk of access or opportunities, they‟re denied birth

itself. Such discrimination exists across religious and caste lines.

2)What is the author most likely agree with?

a.caste based reservationb.gender based reservationc.there is no solution to bridge the gap b/w privileged and underpriviligedd.noneANS: C

3)word 'Egalitarian' meana)characterized by belief in the equality of the peopleb)characterized by belief in the inequality of the peoplec)another word for reservationsd)growthANS: A

The great event of the New York cultural season of 1882 was thevisit of the sixty twoy Earold English philosopher and socialcommentator Herbert Spencer. Nowhere did Spencer have alarger or more enthusiastic following than in the United States,



where such works as “Social Statics” and “The Data of Ethics”were celebrated as powerful justifications for laissez-fairecapitalism. Competition was preordained; its result was progress;and any institution that stood in the way of individual liberties

was violating the natural order. “Survival of the fittest”—a phrasethat Charles Darwin took from Spencer—made free competition asocial as well as a natural law. Andrew Carnegie admired Spencerenormously and attributed to him the decisive metaphysicalepiphany of his life: “I remember that light came as in a flood andall was clear. . . . I had found the truth of evolution. „All is wellsince all grows better‟ became my motto, my true source ofcomfort.” Thanks to Spencer, Victorian capitalists knew thatnature was on their side. Spencer had not come to America to

give lectures or to boost his book sales. He detested publicspeaking, and he no longer needed money, thanks to theimmense popularity of his books. A lifelong hypochondriac, hehad come for his health, to reinvigorate his “greatly disorderednervous system,” and he withstood all inducements to what hecalled “social excitement.” But the press of distinguishedAmerican Spencerians was too great to resist, and he agreed to afarewell banquet at Delmonico‟s on November 9th. Senators,captains of industry, and professors were there in force, vying

with each other in the fulsomeness of their praise. The formerSecretary of State William Evarts said that Spencer was thesmartest man in the world: “We recognize in the breadth of yourknowledge, such knowledgeas is useful to your race, a greatercomprehension than any living man has presented to ourgeneration.” The Union Army general Carl Schurz declared thatthere would have been no Civil War if the South had beenadequately instructed in Spencer‟s principles of individual liberty.And the president of Columbia, Frederick Barnard, announced

that Herbert Spencer was “not only the profoundest thinker of ourtime, but the most capacious and most powerful intellect of alltime.” The Delmonico‟s dinner, however, ended in disaster.Instead of graciously bathing in the torrents of tribute, Spencertold his admirers that they had got him seriously wrong. He didnot approve of the culture of American capitalism, and, while headmired its material achievements, he was concerned that, forAmericans, work had become a pathological obsession. Americanswere endangering their mental and physical health through

overwork, and many were turning gray before their time—tenyears earlier than the British, Spencer believed. America needed



“a revised ideal of life,” he said, and it was time to “preach thegospel of relaxation.” He went on, “Life is not for learning, nor islife for working, but learning and working are for life.” Havingadministered that slap to the face of national virtue, Spencer

steamed off back to England. Spencer was, arguably, the singlemost influential systematic thinker of the nineteenth century, buthis influence, compared with that of Darwin, Marx, or Mill, wasshortlived. In 1937, the Harvard sociologist Talcott Parsonsasked, “Who now reads Spencer?” Seventy years later, thequestion remains pertinent, even if no one now reads TalcottParsons, either. In his day, Spencer was the greatest ofphilosophical hedgehogs: his popularity stemmed from the factthat he had one big, easily grasped idea and a mass of more

particular ideas that supposedly flowed from the big one. The bigidea was evolution, but, while Darwin applied it to specieschange, speculating about society and culture only withreluctance, Spencer saw evolution working everywhere. “This lawof organic progress is the law of all progress,” he wrote, “whetherit be in the development of the Earth, in the development of Lifeupon its surface, in the development of Society, of Government,of Manufactures, of Commerce, of Language, Literature, Science,[or] Art.” Spencer has been tagged as a social Darwinist, but it

would be more correct to think of Darwin as a biologicalSpencerian. Spencer was very well known as an evolutionist longbefore Darwin‟s “On the Origin of Species” was published, in1859, and people who had limited interest in the finches of theGalápagos had a great interest in whether the state shouldprovide for the poor or whether it was right to colonize India.William James once ungenerously remarked that Spencer was “the philosopher whom those who have no other philosopher canappreciate.” He was appropriated by a wide variety of readers,

often with conflicting agendas—free marketeers, positivists,Indian and Japanese nationalists. They all had theirunderstandings of Spencer and they all differed. Mark Francis, in “Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life” (Cornell;$45)—the first fullscale intellectual biography of Spencer since J.D. Y. Peel‟s fine “Herbert Spencer: The Evolution of a Sociologist”(1971)—is determined to put an end to the confusion. He thinksthat he has discovered the philosophical grounds of Spencer‟strue coherence, and he hands out academic demerits to the

commentators who have missed the underlying unities ofSpencer‟s scientific, philosophical, ethical, psychological,



sociological, and political writings. Still, for the most part themisreaders should be forgiven. Over almost half a century offurious writing, Spencer continually reworked and reconfiguredhis views, copying and pasting chunks of text from the eighteen

fifties into volumes published in the eighteen seventies andeighties. How, then, to get Spencer right? One suggestion comesfrom Spencer himself: if you want to understand the origin andlineage of his ideas, you should understand where he came fromand how he was formed. He put his immense talent and energyinto his philosophical and political works but his genius into his “Autobiography,” a work more than a thousand pages long, onwhich he labored intermittently during the last two decades of hislife. This is where Spencer wished people to go when they wanted

to grasp how his philosophical system came to be and how itsparts related to one another.

1)according to author y was spencer so popular in 19th centurya)he supported capitalismb)he extended drawns theory of evaluation in the large extendc)he had 1 broad and sinple idea and many specific idea followedfrom itd)he was a friend of parsons

2)what must have been the most likely response/reaction ofnewyork audienceto spencer's talk in 1882?a)vindicationb)surprisec)happinessd)depression

Sixty years ago, on the evening of August 14, 1947, a few hoursbefore Britain‟s Indian Empire was formally divided into thenationstates of India and Pakistan, Lord Louis Mountbatten andhis wife, Edwina, sat down in the viceregal mansion in New Delhito watch the latest Bob Hope movie, “My Favorite Brunette.”Large parts of the subcontinent were descending into chaos, asthe implications of partitioning the Indian Empire along religiouslines became clear to the millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs

caught on the wrong side of the border. In the next few months,some twelve million people would be uprooted and as many as a



million murdered. But on that night in midAugust the bloodbath—and the fuller consequences of hasty imperial retreat—still lay inthe future, and the Mountbattens probably felt they had earnedtheir evening‟s entertainment. Mountbatten, the last viceroy of

India, had arrived in New Delhi in March, 1947, charged with analmost impossible task. Irrevocably enfeebled by the SecondWorld War, the British belatedly realized that they had to leavethe subcontinent, which had spiralled out of their control throughthe nineteenforties. But plans for brisk disengagement ignoredmessy realities on the ground. Mountbatten had a clear remit totransfer power to the Indians within fifteen months. Leaving Indiato God, or anarchy, as Mohandas Gandhi, the foremost Indianleader, exhorted, wasn‟t a political option, however tempting.

Mountbatten had to work hard to figure out how and to whompower was to be transferred. The dominant political party, theCongress Party, took inspiration from Gandhi in claiming to be asecular organization, representing all four hundred millionIndians. But many Muslim politicians saw it as a party of uppercaste Hindus and demanded a separate homeland for theirhundred million coreligionists, who were intermingled withnonMuslim populations across the subcontinent‟s villages, towns,and cities. Eventually, as in Palestine, the British saw partition

along religious lines as the quickest way to the exit. But sectarianriots in Punjab and Bengal dimmed hopes for a quick anddignified British withdrawal, and boded ill for India‟s assumptionof power. Not surprisingly, there were some notable absences atthe Independence Day celebrations in New Delhi on August 15th.Gandhi, denouncing freedom from imperial rule as a “woodenloaf,” had remained in Calcutta, trying, with the force of his moralauthority, to stop Hindus and Muslims from killing each other. Hisgreat rival Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who had fought bitterly for a

separate homeland for Indian Muslims, was in Karachi, trying tohold together the precarious nationstate of Pakistan.Nevertheless,the significance of the occasion was not lost on many. While theMount battens were sitting down to their Bob Hope movie, India‟sconstituent assembly was convening in New Delhi. The momentdemanded grandiloquence, and Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhi‟sclosest disciple and soon to be India‟s first Prime Minister,provided it. “Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny,” hesaid. “At the stroke of the midnight hour, while the world sleeps,

India will awaken to life and freedom. A moment comes, whichcomes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the



new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, longsuppressed, finds utterance.”Posterity has enshrined this speech,as Nehru clearly intended. But today his quaint phrase “tryst withdestiny” resonates ominously, so enduring have been the political

and psychological scars of partition. The souls of the two newnationstatesimmediately found utterance in brutal enmity. In Punjab, armedvigilante groups, organized along religious lines and incited bylocal politicians, murdered countless people, abducting and rapingthousands of women. Soon, India and Pakistan were fighting awar—the first of three—over the disputed territory of Kashmir.Gandhi, reduced to despair by the seemingly endless cycle ofretaliatory mass murders and displacement, was shot dead in

January, 1948, by a Hindu extremist who believed that the fatherof the Indian nation was too soft on Muslims. Jinnah, racked withtuberculosis and overwork, died a few months later, his dream ofa secular Pakistan apparently buried with him. Many of the seedsof postcolonial disorder in South Asia were sown much earlier, intwo centuries of direct and indirect British rule, but, as book afterbook has demonstrated, nothing in the complex tragedy ofpartition was inevitable. In “Indian Summer” (Henry Holt; $30),Alex von Tunzelmann pays particular attention to how

negotiations were shaped by an interplay of personalities. VonTunzelmann goes on a bit too much about the Mount battens‟open marriage and their connections to various British royals,toffs, and fops, but her account, unlike those of some of herfellow British historians, isn‟t filtered by nostalgia. Shesummarizes bluntly the economic record of the British overlords,who, though never as rapacious and destructive as the Belgiansin the Congo, damaged agriculture and retarded industrial growthin India through a blind faith in the “invisible hand” that

supposedly regulated markets. Von Tunzelmann echoes EdmundBurke‟s denunciation of the East India Company when she termsthe empire‟s corporate forerunner a “beast” whose “only objectwas money”; and she reminds readers that, in 1877, the yearthat Queen Victoria officially became Empress of India, a faminein the south killed five million people even as the Queen‟s viceroyremained adamant that famine relief was a misguided policy.Politically, too, British rule in India was deeply conservative,limiting Indian access to higher education, industry, and the civil

service. Writing in the New York Tribune in the mid nineteenthcentury, Karl Marx predicted that British colonials would prove to



be the “unconscious tool” of a “social revolution” in asubcontinent stagnating under “Oriental despotism.” As it turnedout, the British, while restricting an educated middle class,empowered a multitude of petty Oriental despots. ( In 1947,

there were five hundred and sixty five of these feudatories, oftencalled maharajas, running states as large as Belgium and as smallas Central Park.)1)in the view of author what is the phrase "tryst with destiny"symbolize today?a)a celebration of indian independenceb)an inspirational quotec)a reminder of gandhi's assassinationd) a symbol of ills of partion

2)why was gandhi assassinated?a)bcoz he was favouring muslimsb)his assassin thought he was partial to muslimsc)he got killed in the violence after partitiond)none of above

3)what does the author imply about the future of pakistan?a)it becomes a secular countryb)it becomes unsecularc)it is unprosperousd)it becomes arough state

4)the author persists on taking about the "Bob hope movie" inarticle. y?

a)bcoz the movie was classin on 1947b)he thinks it caused the partion of subcontinentc)he uses it to show the apathy of britishers to subcontinentd)it was mountbatten's favourite movie

SINCE the late 1970s when the technology for sex determinationfirst came into being, sex selective abortion has unleashed a saga

of horror. Experts are calling it "sanitised barbarism".Demographic trends indicate the country is fast heading towards



a million female foetuses aborted each year. Although foetal sexdetermination and sex selection is a criminal offence in India, thepractice is rampant. Private clinics with ultrasound machines aredoing brisk business. Everywhere, people are paying to know the

sex of an unborn child. And paying more to abort the femalechild. The technology has even reached remote areas throughmobile clinics. Dr. Puneet Bedi, obstetrician and specialist infoetal medicine, says these days he hardly sees a family with twodaughters. People are getting sex determination done even forthe first child, he says. Spreading like a virusA recent mediaworkshop on the issue of sex selection and female foeticidebrought home the extent of the problem. Held in Agra inFebruary, the workshop was organised by UNICEF, Business

Community Foundation, and the Centre for Advocacy andResearch. Doctors, social scientists, researchers, activists,bureaucrats, journalists told their stories of what they were doingto fight the problem. If the 1991 Census showed that two districtshad a child sex ratio (number of girls per thousand boys) lessthan 850; by 2001 it was 51 districts. Child rights activist Dr.Sabu George says foeticide is the most extreme form of violenceagainst women. "Today a gil is several times more likely to beeliminated before birth than die of various causes in the first

year. Nature intended the womb to be a safe space. Today,doctors have made it the most unsafe space for the female child,"he says. He believes that doctors must be held responsible — "They have aggressively promoted the misuse of technology and legitimised foeticide."Researchers and scholars use hardhittinganalogy to emphasise the extent of the problem. Dr. SatishAgnihotri, senior IAS officer and scholar who has done extensiveresearch on the issue, calls the technology "a weapon of massdestruction". Dr. Bedi refers to it as genocide: "More than 6

million killed in 20 years. That's the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust." Related issues Foeticide is also one of the mostcommon causes of maternal mortality. The sex of the foetus canbe determined only around 1416 weeks. This means most sexselective abortions are late. Abortion after 20 weeks is illegal inIndia. Donna Fernandes, Vimochana, a BangalorebasedNGO, says foeticide is related to a host of other social problemsas varied as privatisation of medical education and dowry.Karnataka has the highest number of private medical colleges.

Healthcare turning commodity has led to terrifying consequences.Adds Fernandes, "Wherever green revolution has happened



foeticide has increased. With more landholdings and wealthinheritance dowry has increased. Daughters are considered aneconomic liability. Today, people don't want their daughters tostudy higher — a more well educated groom will demand more

dowry." Ironically, as income levels increase, sex determinationand sex selection is increasing. The most influential pockets havethe worst sex ratios. Take Punjab for instance — 793 girls forevery 1,000 boys against the national figure of 927. Or SouthDelhi — one of the most affluent localities of the Capital — 760.According to Satarabased advocate Varsha Deshpande, smallfamilies have come at the cost of the girl child. In patriarchalStates like Rajasthan where infanticide has existed for centuries,this new technology has many takers. Meena Sharma, 27,

television journalist from Rajasthan, who did a series of stingoperations across four States last year, says, "Today, peoplewant to pretend they are modern and that they do notdiscriminate between a girl and a boy. Yet, they will not hesitateto quietly go to the next village and get an ultrasound done."Sharma was determined to expose the widespread malpractice.She travelled with pregnant women as "decoys" across fourStates and more than 13,000 km to do a series of stingoperations. She says more than 100 doctors of the 140 they met

were ready to do a sex selective abortion, some as late as theseventh month. "We were shocked at the greed we saw — doctors did not even ask why we wanted to abort, far fromdissuading us from doing so," she says.What's the solution? Varsha Deshpande says the PCPNDT Act(PreConception and PreNatal Diagnostic Techniques — Regulationand Prevention of Misuse) is very well conceived and easy to use."We have done 17 sting operations across Maharashtra and gotaction taken against more than 25 doctors," says Varsha. She

adds that other laws for violence against women such as dowry,domestic violence, rape, put the control in the hands of the policewhich is biased. Therefore, even though the law exists, offendersget away. This law preventing sex determination and sexselection is much easier to use, she says. Regulating technologyAkhila Sivadas, Centre for Advocacy and Research, Delhi, agreesthat the law is very well conceived and the need of the hour islegal literacy to ensure the law is implemented. "The demand andsupply debate has been going on for some time. Doctors say

there is a social demand and they are only fulfilling it. They arguethat social attitudes must change. However, in this case supply



fuels demand. Technology will have to be regulated. Technologyin the hands of greedy, vested interests, cannot be neutral. Thereis a law to prevent misuse and we must be able to use it," shesays. CFAR is currently partnering with local NGOs in six districts

of Rajasthan to help ensure implementation of the law. On the"demand" side, experts such as Dr. Agnihotri argue that women'sparticipation in workforce, having disposable incomes and makinga contribution to larger society will make a difference to howwomen are seen. Youth icons and role models such as SaniaMirza are making an impact, he says. Others feel there needs tobe widespread visible contempt and anger in society againstthis "genocide" — "the kind we saw against the Nithari killings,"says Dr. Bedi. "Today nobody can say female foeticide is not their

problem." Time we all did our bit to help save the girl child.Time's running out.

1)what does the word 'sanitised' imply in the 1st para ofpassage?

a) unforgivableb) legtimatec) free from dirtd) none of these

2)which to people suggest 2 similar problema) agnihotri and georgeb) bedi and agnihotric) george and bedi

d) george and sivadas

3)which demand does the author refer to in para 5a)demand for principled doctorb)demand for high income jobs for womenc)demand for youthsd)demand for sex determination and demand



Rohit brushed quickly past an elderly woman waiting on theplatform ahead of him to get onto the metro. He wanted to besure to get a seat to read his Economic Times. As the train rolledout of the station, he lifted his head from the newspaper and

stared at the man directly across from him.A tsunami of antipathy me over him. Rohit knew this man, knewhim all too well.Their eyes locked. As the train readied full speed, the ruckus ofspeeding wheels against the winding rails and a wildly gyratingsubway car filled Rohit's ears. To this frenetic beat Rohiteffortlessly listed in his head all the reasons this man,whose eyeshe stared coldly into, was an anathema to him. He had climbedthe upper echelons of his firm using an imperious manner with

his subordinates, always making sure everyone knew he was theboss. Despite his impoverished upbringing, he had becomeostentatious. Flush with cash from the lucrative deals he hadmade, he had purchased a yacht and a home in Mumbai. He usedneither. But, oh, how he liked to say he had them. Meanwhile,Rohit knew, thisman's parents were on the verge of being evicted from theirrundown tenement apartment in Allahabad. What bothered Rohitmost about this man was that he never even attempted to make

amends for his evil ways. Could this man hange? Rohit did notknow. He could try though. The train screeched to Rohit„s stop.He gave the man one last hard look. „See you around," hemumbled to himself. And he knew he would, because Rohit hadbeen glaring at his own reflection in the glass in the metro. Itwould take years of hard work and therapy, but Rohit would oneday notice this man again on the train and marvel at what akinder person he had become.

1.qn..why did a tsunami Of antipathy come over R0hlt?opt.1.Because he was angry at himself and unable to stand looking athimself2.Because the man sitting across him was his former boss whotreated him badly3.Because he wanted to read his newspaper and not bedisturbed, especiallyby someone he disliked

4.Because the guy sitting across him was financially better offthan Rohit



2. qn..What does it mean to have an imperious manner withunderlings?

opt.1.To ignore them2.To be stoic around them3.To openly humiliate them4.To not be affected by them5.To be domineering towards them

3. qn.. which statement makes most sense from what is said in

theparagraph?opt.1.Rohit has few friends2.Rohit knows himself well3.Rohit has had a difficult life4.Rohit is incapable of change

4.qn.. what was the biggest reason (stated or implied) for Rohitdisliking the man in the metro?opt.1. The man was known to be extremely rude and domineeringespecially with his subordinates2.The man was remorseless and had not made any effort toreform himself for the better3.The man rid not bother to take care of his parents who were onthe verge of being evicted from their humble dwelling

4.The man rid not have respect for things or money and whilepeople did not have a place to stay, he had bought a flat whichhe rid not even use

China's massive subsidization of its steel industry is havingconsequences that are truly global. By expanding its steelindustry by Government fiat, rather than in response to thedemands of the market, China has skewed the entire world

market in steel and in the inputs used to make steel. In doing so,it has directly injured both foreign steel producers and steel



consuming industries in other countries. China's explosive growthbetween 2000 and the present required massive amounts ofsteel, and indeed, during much of this period China was theworld's leading steel importer. By building up its steel industry to

artificial levels, though, China deprived steel producers in othercountries of valuable sales. This is significant, because steel is ahighly cyclical industry. Not surprisingly, the rapid expansion ofsteel making capacity in China led first to the replacement ofimports, and then to a boom in exports. In product line afterproduct line, Chinese exports have flooded world markets, drivingdown prices. The world in many ways constitutes an integratedmarket for steel. Through a dramaticexpansion in capacity fueled largely by subsidies and Government

directedlending, the Chinese steel industry is destabilizing that market.Foreign steel producers are not the only ones harmed by thesubsidized expansion of the Chinese steel industry. Foreign steelconsumers have also been injured. The expansion of the steelindustry is only part of the Chinese Government's plan for thedevelopment of the Chinese economy. The Chinese Governmentis also encouraging the development of manufacturing industriesthat use steel.

Manufacturers of products that are steelintensive, such asautomotive parts and appliances, are seeing increasingcompetition from Chinese producers who have access tosubsidized domestic steel. Subsidized steel is going tomanufacture components in China that ultimately end up in theUnited States and replace American steel. Indeed, Americanconsumers report that they can import finished parts cheaperfrom China than they can buy the steel here. At the same timethat U.S. steel producers are seeing increased Imports caused,

directly and indirectly, by increased Chinese production, we arealso seeing many of our domestic customers move production toChina, or go out of business altogether.Select the correct answer option based on the passage.

Question• 1) Which of the options most closely describes 'by Governmentfiat'?a) In response to Government order

b) Before the Chinese Government orderedc) With the help of Chinese owned fiat company



d) In keeping with Government intuition

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.

Question• 2) How have US steel consumers gotten affected as a result ofChinese steel?a) Import from China has become very easy and hence there isno need to manufacturethe finished product in the USb) Subsidized Chinese steel which is not of very high quality isaffecting quality of finished productc) Demand for steel is less than supply from China, leading

smaller US steel consumers to shut down businessd) Raw material in America costs more than the finished productin China and hence production is unfeasible

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 3) What does "dramatic expansion" indicate? a) Artificial expansion

b) Noticeable expansionc) Unstable expansiond) Unreal expansion

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 4) What is the main motive behind expansion of steel industryin China?

a) Increased returns as a result of higher market share globallyb) Replacing imports and growth of Chinese economyc) Driving out foreign producers and consumers from the worldmarket of steeld) Make a global impact in all industries, beginning with steelindustrySOLVE THIS PASSAGES BEFORE GOING TO TAKE AMCAT EXAMVERY VERY IMP

PASSAGES



PassageFasting is an act of homage to the majesty of appetite. So I thinkwe should arrange to give up our pleasures regularlyour food, ourfriends, our loversin

order to preserve their intensity, and the moment of coming backto them. For this is the moment that renews and refreshes bothoneself and the thing one loves. Sailors and travelers enjoyed thisonce, and so did hunters, I suppose. Part of the weariness ofmodern life may be that we live too much on top of each other,and are entertained and fed too regularly. Once we wereseparated by hunger both from our food and families, and thenwe learned to value both. The men went off hunting, and thedogs went with them; the women and children waved goodbye.

The cave was empty of men for days on end; nobody ate, orknew what to do. The women crouched by the fire, the wetsmoke in their eyes; the children wailed; everybody was hungry.Then one night there were shouts and the barking of dogs fromthe hills, and the men came back loaded with meat. This was thegreat reunion, and everybody gorged themselves silly, andappetite came into its own; the long awaited meal became a feastto remember and an almost sacred celebration of life. Now we gooff to the office and come home in the evenings to cheap chicken

and frozen peas. Very nice, but too much of it, too easy andregular, served up without effort or wanting. We eat, we arelucky, our faces are shining with fat, but we don't know thepleasure of being hungry any more. Too much of anything toomuch music, entertainment, happy snacks, or time spent withone's friendscreates a kind of impotence of living by which onecan no longer hear, or taste, or see, or love, or remember. Life isshort and precious, and appetite is one of its guardians, and lossof appetite is a sort of death. So if we are to enjoy this short life

we should respect the divinity of appetite, and keep it eager andnot too much blunted.

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 1) What is the author's main argument in the passage? a) The olden times, when the roles of men and women wereclearly divided, were far more enjoyable than the present timeb) There is not enough effort required anymore to obtain food

and hence the pleasure derived is not the same



c) People who don't have enough to eat enjoy life much morethan those who have plentifuld) We should deny ourselves pleasures once in a while in order towhet our desires and feel more alive

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 2) What are the benefits of fasting? a) It is an act against the drawbacks of appetiteb) It brings joy in eating, and one learns to appreciate foodc) It is the method to understand how civilization evolvedd) It is a punishment for the greedy and unkind

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 3) What commonality has been highlighted between the sailorsand hunters?a) Neither were fed nor entertained regularlyb) They renew and refresh themselves regularlyc) They were regularly separated from their loved ones and

things they likedd) The roles of men and women were clearly divided for bothprofessions

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 4) 'The long awaited meal became a feast to remember and analmost sacred celebration of life', what does this line imply?

a) After so many days of being hungry, the cave men and womenfelt alive once again after eating the foodb) People respected and were thankful for getting food after daysof being hungry and also of being united with their loved onesc) Cave men and women ate and celebrated together with theentire community making the feast really enjoyabled) Cave men and women enjoyed themselves in the feast andperformed a ceremony to thank the Gods for their safe returnback home



PassageIn response to recent rise in gas prices, we are once againhearing calls for the government to "do something" to forceprices lower. But no matter what the price of gasoline is, such

calls are wrong. All market fluctuations in the price of gasoline,up or down, are a good thing and none of the government'sbusiness.In the realm of business, a higher price means that firms will onlypurchase oil r gasoline to the extent that they can makeprofitable use of it at those prices. An efficient airline will still beable to offer low prices while using highpriced jet fuel; a lessefficient airline may not be able to. A company in China or Indiathat uses oil to run highly efficient factories can make profitable

use of oil at $70 a barrel; their laggard competitors may not beable to. There is no moral or economic justification for anypolitician or consumer to declare market prices "too high," and touse the government to force lower prices. Doing so violates boththe rights of gasoline producers and their productive customers toset voluntary prices and thus causes destructive shortages. Thegovernment is right in taking action if an oil company provablythreatens or harms a person's property. But to impose huge costson oil companies and their customers in the name of preserving

untouched nature is unconscionable. What should thegovernment do about gasoline prices? Get its hands out of themarket and keep them off.

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 1)How do high oil prices affect companies? a) Efficient companies can make profitable use of these pricesb) Inefficient factories are provided subsidies by the governmentc) It provides stability for the fluctuating market

d) There is a marginal effect on profits

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 2) What is the meaning of 'laggard'?a) Complicate situations for one's benefitb) Move or respond slowlyc) Respond fast in crucial circumstances

d) Increase efficiency in short period of time



Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 3) What is the conflict regarding market fluctuation in prices?

a) Oil prices are being lowered forcefully by companiesb) Companies are making no effort to stabilize pricesc) Importance of government intervention is negligible, contraryto popular beliefd) Market is suffering with government's future plans of control

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question

• 4) Why should the government not intervene in lowering prices? a) Market prices are governed by monopolistic competitionb) Rights of producers will be violated with the interventionc) Massive costs to companies are not advisable during financialcrisisd) Preserving oil for future generations should be in the hands oforganizations

PassagePersonal development is the pursuit of developing, honing andmastering the skills that help us become the best that we can,with all that we have. It is the reaching for, and the realizing of,our full potential as human beings. We all want to live full,productive lives but, sometimes we just don't know where tobegin. There is so much information'out there' that it can beoverwhelming and hard to sort. Depending on the problem, whatseems to work for one person, may not necessarily work for

everyone. There are so many different programs, strategies andtechniques that it is hard to chose the right one. One thing,however, is certain. If we want to accomplish anything in life andrealize our full potential, we must have some skills in this case,life skills. You begin by establishing a firm foundation. Thatfoundation is "you". You must know who you are, hat you want,and what you are capable of. You must then determine whichvalues, goals and principles you will set up to guide your actions.Often, the hardest part in any endeavor is getting started,

however once you do, there is a surprising snowball effect. Youwill begin to feel good about what you're doing and you'll want to



continue. You will want to keep improving yourself and you'llwant to become he best that you can be. As you continue on the journey of personal development you will become aware thatthere is so much knowledge and information to be discovered and

uncovered than you ever thought possible; knowledge aboutyourself, knowledge about others, knowledge about life and theworld around you. The good news is that acquiring Essential LifeSkills will not only contribute to your personal growth anddevelopment, it will make you a more interesting and dynamicindividual. What good is all the financial success in the world ifyou don't have selfconfidence or high selfesteem, know who youreally are, what you want, or what you're doing here? We've allwitnessed many outwardly successful and famous people who

have not been able to find personal happiness. No amount offame or fortune could fill the void they felt inside.

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 1) Why are life skills essential for personal growth? a) It is important to acquire skills that help one fit into the societyb) Growth of an individual is incomplete without proper skills andmanners

c) One can be happy by acquiring life skills, not by measuringsuccessd) These skills highlight the negative aspects of our personality

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 2) What can you infer from the term 'snowball effect'? a) Downward trends such as feeling low about oneself are

observed in peopleb) to pursue knowledge, and improve oneselfc) Excess of knowledge can confuse a persond) Improving life skills requires tremendous effort anddetermination

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question

• 3) Which of the following best describes the 'foundation'? a) Be clear about life and occurrence of circumstances



b) Be free and explore unseen dimensions of living lifec) Discover yourself and your qualitiesd) Master the skills that will help you achieve your goals

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 4) What problems can we face in the beginning of personalitydevelopment?a) Abundance of problems makes it difficult to deal with themb) Personality has various sides which are difficult to comprehendc) There is no proper channel through which one can learn aboutpersonality

d) Different methods available to help us may not work effectivelyfor all

PassageThe Kingdom of Spain was created in 1492 with the unification ofthe Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon. For the nextthree centuries Spain was the most important colonial power inthe world. It was the most powerful state in Europe and the

foremost global power during the 16th century and the greaterpart of the 17th century. Spain established a vast empire in theAmericas, stretching from California to Patagonia, and colonies inthe western Pacific.Spain's European wars, however, led to economic damage, andthe latter part of the 17th century saw a gradual decline of powerunder an increasingly neglectful and inept Habsburg regime. Thedecline culminated in the War of the Spanish Succession, whereSpain's decline from the position of a leading Western power, to

that of a secondary one, was confirmed, although it remained theleading colonial power. The eighteenth century saw a newdynasty, the Bourbons, which directed considerable efforttowards the institutional renewal of the state, with some success,peaking in a successful involvement in the American War ofIndependence. The end of the eighteenth and the start of thenineteenth centuries saw turmoil unleashed throughout Europe bythe French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, which finally ledto a French occupation of much of the continent, including Spain.

This triggered a successful but devastating war of independencethat shattered the country and created an opening for what would



ultimately be the successful independence of Spain's mainlandAmerican colonies.Following a period of growing politicalinstability in the early twentieth century, in 1936 Spain wasplunged into a bloody civil war. The war ended in a nationalist

dictatorshiped by Francisco Franco which controlled the Spanishgovernment until 1975.

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 1) What was the result of Napoleanic wars? a) A small part of the continent was occupied by French peopleb) Spain was occupied by the Frenchc) War of independence was unable to yield any positive result

d) American colonies were destroyed after the war

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 2) What is the meaning of the term 'culminated'?a) Follow a particular pathb) Guide or transformc) Reach the highest point

d) Introduce on a grand scale

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 3) What is the summary of the passage? a) The rise and fall of a national empireb) The downfall of successive regimes in Spainc) The history of Spain

d) Spain in eighteenth century

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 4) What occurred in the latter part of 17th century? a) War of succession confirmed the leading position of Spainb) Spain was no longer regarded as the ruling colonial powerc) A vast empire was established in Europe

d) Power steadily declined under Habsburg regime



PassageThe unique Iron Age Experimental Centre at Lejre, about 40 kmwest of Copenhagen, serves as a museum, a classroom and a

place to get away from it all. How did people live during the IronAge? How did they support themselves? What did they eat andhow did they cultivate the land? These and a myriad of otherquestions prodded the pioneers of the Lejre experiment.Living in the open and working 10 hours a day, volunteers fromall over Scandinavia led by 30 experts, built the first village in theancient encampment in a matter of months. The house wallswere of clay, the roofs of hay allbased on original designs. Then came the second stage getting

back to the basics of living. Families were invited to stay in the'prehistoric village' for a week or two at a time and rough it IronAgestyle. Initially, this experiment proved none too easy formodern Danes accustomed to central heating, but it convincedthe centre that there was something to the Lejre project. Little bylittle, the modern Iron Agers learnt that their huts were, after all,habitable. Theproblems were numerous smokebelching out from the rough andready fireplaces into the rooms and so on. These problems,

however, have led to some discoveries: domed smoke ovensmade of clay, for example, give out more heat and consume lessfuel than an open fire, and when correctly stoked, they arepractically smokeless.By contacting other museums, the Lejreteam has been able to reconstruct ancient weaving looms andpottery kilns. Iron Age dyeing techniques, using local naturalvegetation, have also been revived, as have ancient baking andcooking methods.

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 1) What is the main purpose of building the Iron Ageexperimental center?a) Prehistoric village where people can stay for a week or two toget away from modern livingb) Replicate the Iron Age to get a better understanding of thetime and people of that erac) To discover the differences between a doomed smoke oven

and an open fire to identify the more efficient of the two



d) Revive activities of ancient women such as weaving, pottery,dyeing, cooking and baking

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.

Question• 2) What is the meaning of the sentence "Initially, thisexperiment proved none too easy for modern Danes accustomedto central heating, but it convinced the centre that there wassomething to the Lejre project."?a) Even though staying in the huts wasn't easy for the modernpeople, the centre saw merit in the simple living within hutscompared to expensive apartmentsb) Staying in the huts was quite easy for the modern people and

the centre also saw merit in the simple living within hutscompared to expensive apartmentsc) The way of living of the Iron Age proved difficult for the peopleof the modern age who are used to living in luxuryd) The way of living of the Iron Age proved very easy for thepeople of the modern age since it was hot inside the huts, andthey were anyway used to heated rooms

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 3) What can be the title of the passage? a) Modern techniques find their way into prehistoric villagesb) Coexistence of ancient and modern timesc) Glad to be living in the 21st Centuryd) Turning back time

Select the correct answer option based on the passage.Question• 4) From the passage what can be inferred to be the centre'sinitial outlook towards the Lejre project?a) It initiated the projectb) It eagerly supported itc) It felt the project was very uniqued) It was apprehensive about it

Passage



The Stratosphere, specifically, the lower Stratosphere has, itseems, been drying out. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas, andthe cooling effect on the Earth's climate due to this desiccationmay account for a fair bit of the slowdown in the rise of global

temperatures seen over the past ten years. The Stratosphere sitson top of the Troposphere, the lowest, densest layer of theatmosphere.The boundary between the two, the Tropopause, is about 18kmabove your head, if you are in the tropics, and a few kilometerslower if you are at higher latitudes (or up a mountain). In theTroposphere, the air at higher altitudes is in general cooler thanthe airbelow it, an unstable situation in which warm and oftenmoist air below is endlessly buoying up into cooler air above. The

resultant commotion creates clouds, storms and much of the restof the world's weather. In the Stratosphere, the air gets warmerat higher altitudes, which provides stability.The Stratosphere which extends up to about 55km, where theMesosphere begins, is made even less weather prone by theabsence of water vapor, and thus of the clouds and precipitationto which it leads. This is because the top of the Troposphere isnormally very cold, causing ascending water vapor to freeze intoice crystals that drift and fall, rather than continuing up into the

Stratosphere. A little water manages to get past this cold trap.But as Dr Solomon and her colleagues note, satellitemeasurements show that rather less has been doing so over thepast ten years than was the case previously. Plugging thechanges in water vapor into a climate model that looks at the waydifferent substances absorb and emit infrared radiation, theyconclude that between 2000 and 2009 a drop in the Stratosphericwater vapor of less than one part per million slowed the rate ofwarming at the Earth's surface by about 25%.

Such a small change in Stratospheric water vapor can have sucha large effect precisely because the Stratosphere is already dry. Itis the relative change in the amount of a greenhouse gas, not itsabsolute level, which determines how much warming it canproduce.

1) What is the order of layers in the atmosphere, starting fromthe lowermost and going to the topmost?a) Tropopause, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere

b) Troposphere, Tropopause, Stratosphere, Mesospherec) Troposphere, Tropopause, Mesosphere, Stratosphere



d) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Tropopause, Mesosphere

2) What accounts for the absence of water vapor in stratosphere?

a) The layer of Stratosphere is situated too far above for thewater vapor to reachb) Rising global temperatures, leading to reduced water vaporthat gets absorbed in the Tropospherec)The greenhouse gas gets absorbed by the clouds in theTroposphere and comes downas raind) Before the vapor can rise up, it has to pass through belowfreezing temperatures and turns into ice

3) What in the passage has been cited as the main reasonaffecting global temperatures?a) Relative change in water vapor content in the Stratosphereb) Drop in Stratospheric water vapor of less than one part permillionc) The extreme dryness in the Stratosphered) Absorption and emission of infrared radiation by differentsubstances

4) Why is the situation in the troposphere defined as unstable?a)Because, unlike the Stratosphere, there is too much watervapor in the Troposphereb)Because the Troposphere is not directly linked to theStratosphere, but through the Tropopause which creates much ofthe world's weatherc) Because of the interaction between warm and cool air which is

unpredictable in nature and can lead to stormsd) Because this layer of the atmosphere is very cloudy and can