amd opteron - amd64 architecture sean downes

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AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

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AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes. Description. Released April 22, 2003 The AMD Opteron is a 64 bit microprocessor designed for use in server applications. Available with single, dual, quad, six, and twelve cores. Up to 8-way scalability. Registers. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

AMD Opteron - AMD64 ArchitectureSean Downes

Page 2: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Description

Released April 22, 2003

The AMD Opteron is a 64 bit microprocessor designed for use in server applications.

Available with single, dual, quad, six, and twelve cores.

Up to 8-way scalability.

Page 3: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Registers

• http://www.amd.com.cn/CHCN/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/24592.pdf

Page 4: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Instruction types 128-Bit Media Instructions—These are the streaming SIMD

extension (SSE and SSE2) instructions that load, store, oroperate on data located primarily in the 128-bit XMM

registers. 128-Bit Media Instructions support 32-bit single-precision and 64-bit double-precision floating-point

operations, in addition to integer operations. Operations on both vector data and scalar data are supported.

Because the vector instructions can independently andsimultaneously perform a single operation on multiple sets

of data, they are called single-instruction, multiple-data(SIMD) instructions. They are useful for high-performancemedia and scientific applications that operate on blocks of

Data.

Page 5: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Instruction types

64-Bit Media Instructions—These are the multimediaextension (MMX™ technology) and AMD 3DNow!™

technology instructions. They load, store, or operate on datalocated primarily on the 64-bit MMX registers. Like their

128-bit counterparts, they perform integerand floating-point operations on vector (packed) and scalardata types. Thus, they are also SIMD instructions and are

useful in media applications that operate on blocks of data.

Page 6: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Instruction types

x87 Floating-Point Instructions—These are the floating-point instructions used in legacy x87

applications. They load, store, or operate on data located in the x87 registers.x87 Floating-Point

Instructions support single-precision, double-precision, and 80-bit extended-precision floating point operations. Only scalar data are

supported, with a dedicated floating-point exception-reporting mechanism.

Page 7: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

16-bit mode Legacy mode or compatibility mode in which a 16-bit address size is active. See legacy

mode and compatibility mode.

32-bit mode Legacy mode or compatibility mode in which a 32-bit address size is active.

64-bit mode A submode of long mode. In 64-bit mode, the default address size is 64 bits and new

features, such as register extensions, are supported for system and application software.

Programming Modes

Page 8: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

CISC, but it acts like RISC...

• The x86 architecture dominates the PC and server markets, but the guts of modern x86 chips are very RISC-like. The combination is made possible by translating complex individual instructions into short sequences of simple ones. It sounds a little awkward but works well in practice; this approach has been standard for 10 years now.

Page 9: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Layout

Page 10: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Layout

http://cs.winona.edu/lin/cs420/Ch4-3.pdf

Page 11: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

Design Principles

Simplicity favors regularity – Once mode is chosen all instructions take the same format and regardless of

mode same basic instructions are supported.Smaller is faster – Large CISC instructions broken

down into smaller pieces.Make the common case fast – On chip hardware

support for floating point operations.Good design demands good compromises –

Complicated to program and operation mode must be chosen for given hardware but results in high

performance.

Page 12: AMD Opteron - AMD64 Architecture Sean Downes

References

AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -

http://www.amd.com.cn/CHCN/processors/DevelopWithAMD/0,,30_2252_875_7044,00.html

• http://news.cnet.com/8301-13512_3-9769450-23.html