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America in World War IPublished by Performance Education, it is Toolbook #BZ-4120.

A Toolbook consists of lessons and a test.The test at the end of the book has 414 questions.This allows you hold a test every Friday.

1. The War in EuropeLesson #1 Lecture w/ graphic organizer What was World War I?Lesson #2 Graphic organizer How to analyze World War ILesson #3 Game The CausesLesson #4 Game The CausesLesson #5 Mapping Who caused World War I?Lesson #6 Mapping The assassination of Archduke FerdinandLesson #7 Mapping The military alliancesLesson #8 Lecture w/ map The Western FrontLesson #9 Political cartoons Interpret 41 political cartoonsLesson #10 Internet Brief readingsLesson #11 Game The causes of World War I (recall terms)Lesson #12 Game Can you talk like Jingo? (define terms)

2. The U.S. enters the warLesson #13 Document President Wilson’s Declaration of Neutrality, 1914Lesson #14 Student project The Lusitania, 1915Lesson #15 Document The Zimmerman Note, 1917Lesson #16 Lecture The Russian Revolution, 1917Lesson #17 Lecture Why the U.S. entered the warLesson #18 Document President Wilson’s War Message, 1917Lesson #19 Graphic organizer The reasons why the U.S. entered the warLesson #20 Debate "Resolved, the U.S. should not have entered World War I.”Lesson #21 Game U.S. strengths and weaknesses

America in World War IBZ-4120 $29.95 (Limited Time Sales Price ($22.46)Published by Performance Education

A Toolbook consists of lessons and a test.The test at the end of the book has 414 questions.

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Lesson plan compliments of Performance Education 1-800-539-1607 www.performance-education.comDerived from America in World War I Toolbook: BZ-4120

Lesson #22 Internet research General John PershingLesson #23 Mapping Map that battle! Especially the Argonne ForestLesson #24 Internet Mapping World War ILesson #25 Lecture Trench warfareLesson #26 Film worksheet “Foot Soldiers in World War I” by A&ELesson #27 Film worksheet “All Quiet on the Western Front”Lesson #28 Internet Photos and brief readings Lesson #29 Board game We turned a timeline into a homemade board gameLesson #30 Internet Games about World War ILesson #31 Game The U.S. enters the war (recall terms)Lesson #32 Game Can you talk like a doughboy? (define terms)3. Life on the homefrontLesson #33 Political cartoons From the Zimmerman note to the Fourteen PointsLesson #34 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: PropagandaLesson #35 Lecture Propaganda postersLesson #36 Analyze posters Interpret 32 propaganda postersLesson #37 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: PropagandaLesson #38 Document The Sedition Act, 1918Lesson #39 Lecture What was life like on the homefront?Lesson #40 Lecture The impact of World War I on the economyLesson #41 Lecture w/ graphics The Great MigrationLesson #42 Group analysis David Letterman’s Top Ten Reasons Why . . .Lesson #43 Internet Brief readings Lesson #44 Game The ABCs of life on the homefront (recall terms)Lesson #45 Game What is sedition? (define terms)4. The Paris Peace ConferenceLesson #46 Lecture How should wars end?Lesson #47 Document President Wilson’s Fourteen Points1918Lesson #48 Graphic organizer Compare & Contrast: The Fourteen Points vs Versailles TreatyLesson #49 Class discussion Which of the Fourteen Points survived?Lesson #50 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The Versailles TreatyLesson #51 Group analysis Using Bloom’s taxonomy, analyze: The Fourteen PointsLesson #52 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: The Versailles TreatyLesson #53 Group analysis Life is like a rock group: The Fourteen PointsLesson #54 Debate "Resolved, the U.S. should have joined the League of Nations.”Lesson #55 Essays “I am Woodrow Wilson . . .”

Write four essays: expressive, narrative, informative, persuasiveLesson #56 Game The ABCs of the Versailles Treaty (recall terms)5. The ResultsLesson #57 Simulation “Survivor, 1918”: The death toll during World War ILesson #58 Analyze a poem “In Flanders Field”Lesson #59 Lecture The Lost GenerationLesson #60 Internet readings The Lost GenerationThe ReviewLesson #61 Graphic organizer Causes & EffectsLesson #62 Group analysis David Letterman’s Top Ten Reasons Why . . .Lesson #63 Debate "Resolved, World War I was a great step forward for humanity." Lesson #64 Graphic organizer World War I: who, what, when, where, why, and howLesson #65 Game Who am I? (famous people)Lesson #66 Rank Rank the famous peopleLesson #68 Quotations Interpret famous quotations from World War ILesson #69 Write a news story Screaming headlinesLesson #70 Game Honk if you hate history!Lesson #71 Game Mars / Venus - one guy vs one galLesson #72 Game Name that Concept!Lesson #73 Game Stump the TeacherLesson #74 Game The Last Man Standing

The TestThere are 414 questions.


Lecture

The Americans come to the rescue!For three longs years (1914-1917), the U.S. had remained neutral.It pursued a policy of isolationism and stayed out of the European war.President Woodrow Wilson was the architect of neutrality.But in 1917 he changed his mind.

Reasons for entering the war

1. Germany Submarine warfare! Freedom of the seas!During the war, U.S. ships carried foodstuffs to England.In 1917, German U-boats began sinking U.S. ships.

2. Mexico The Zimmerman Note!A secret telegram from Germany to Mexico.If the U.S. declares war on Germany, then Mexico must declare war on the U.S.Germany would help Mexico take back New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.

3. Russia The Russian Revolution caused Russia to pull out of the war!With Russia’s pull-out from the war, U.S. policy changed radically.The U.S. did not want Germany to win and England/France to lose.The U.S. declared war on Germany and sent troops to fight in France.

4. England & France “Make the world safe for democracy.”In April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson declared war on Germany.While England, France, and the U.S. were democratic; Germany was autocratic.

This was the turning point in the war!

1. The British and French were exhausted.During the war, one million British soldiers died; two million were wounded.During the war, one million French soldiers died; four million were wounded.Imagine the impact of two million fresh troops - American soldiers!

2. The Americans stopped the German offensiveIn the spring of 1918, the Germans mounted a major offensive.The French and British were retreating like mad.The Germans came within 50 miles of Paris.In May, the Americans helped stop the Germans.

3. The Americans helped the Allies go on the offensive.In the summer of 1918, the Allies pushed forward. The Germans had to retreat.

4. The Americans helped win the war.In the fall of 1918, 900,000 American soldiers fought in the Argonne Forest.The Germans realized they could not win

5. The ArmisticeGermany fell apart: People were starving. They went on food riots and threatened revolution.Kaiser Bill abdicated and fled Germany. There was no German government to surrender.On November 11, 1918 German representatives signed an armistice - a ceasefire.Germany agreed to send its soldiers back home.


Graphic organizer

The war began in 1914. The U.S. stayed out of the war for 3 years. Why did we enter in 1917?

Why did theU.S. enter

World War I?

3. Russia

1917

2. Mexico

1917

1. Germany

1915

4. England+ France

Why did Russia surrender?

How were they doing onthe Western Front?

Our enemy: What wasGermany doing to us?

Our neighbor: What didMexico have to do withWorld War I?


The Answers

The war began in 1914. The U.S. stayed out of the war for 3 years. Why did we enter in 1917?

Why did theU.S. enter

World War I?

3. Russia

1917

2. Mexico

1917

1. Germany

1915

4. England+ France

Why did Russia surrender?

The RussianRevolution

When Russia surren-dered to Germany, itlooked like Germany wasgoing to win the war.Our friends, the British,were going to lose.We decided to help themout.

How were they doing onthe Western Front?

They were losing.They were democratic;Germany was not.It was autocratic. (A country ruled by a sin-gle person with unlimitedpower. Kaiser Bill.)

President Wilson:“We must make the worldsafe for democracy.”

Our enemy: What wasGermany doing to us?

Submarine warfare.Unrestricted submarinewarfare.

They were sinking ourships!They sank the Lusitania.

Freedom of the seas!

Our neighbor: What didMexico have to do withWorld War I?

The Zimmermannote.Germany wanted Mexicoto declare war on us.

Mexico could take backTexas, Arizona, and NewMexico.


Propaganda posters

Propaganda Posters

Assign one poster to each student.Simply cut it out and hand it to the student.

How to analyze a poster:- What does the poster want you to feel?- What does the poster want you to do?- What symbols are used?

If you have any problem, the general website is:http://wopr.stanford.edu/propaganda/

Germany was evil

http://wopr.stanford.edu/propaganda/10--wwi/50--us/60--recruitment/destroybrute.gif1. Destroy this mad brute

www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/warpost/images/posters/45.jpg2. Remember BelgiumThe German army invaded France.To get there, they had to march through Belgium.

www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/amposter.htm3. Only the Navy Can Stop This4. The Hun - His Mark5. Halt the Hun6. Help crush the menace of the seas7. Hun or home?

http://gulib.lausun.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/britpost/p18l.jpg8. The German Nurse

www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/warpost/images/posters/49.jpg9. Victory bonds shorten the war

www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/warpost/images/posters/59.jpg10. They kept the sea lanes open

The Answers

1. Destroy this mad buteFearJoin the armyA scary gorilla (Germany) is carrying off a woman.

2. Remember BelgiumOutrageBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.A German soldier is dragging away a woman.(The intent is rape.)

3. Only the Navy Can Stop ThisOutrageJoin the navyKaiser Bill (symbol for Germany) has a big dagger that is soaked inblood. He has been killing innocent women and children in Belgium.

4. The Hun - His MarkAnger.Buy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.A bloody hand: The Germans kill our boys.

5. Halt the Hun!PatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The German soldier is about to harm a woman and her child. TheAmerican soldier is stopping him.

6. Help crush the menace of the seasFearBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.A bloody hand with a dagger (German submarines) is sticking out ofthe ocean. It threatens ships of the U.S. Navy.

7. Hun or home?FearBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.A German soldier is kneeling over the body of a dead soldier. Ayoung mother, and her baby, are in danger.

8. The German NurseAnger and outrageSupport the Red CrossThe German nurse will not help wounded British soldiers.

9. Victory bonds shorten the warPatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The British policeman is dragging away the little German and hisdog.

10. They kept the sea lanes openPatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The American and British ships sink the German ships. There is nopity for the German sailors.


America was good . . .

www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/amposter.htm

11. First Call

12. A Wonderful Opportunity for You

13. You drive a car here - Why not a transport inFrance?

14. Hold on to Uncle Sam’s Insurance

15. Be Patriotic

16. Food is Ammunition

17. See Him Through

18. Back our girls over there

19. For Your Boy

20. Remember your first thrill of American liberty

21. Women! Help America’s sons win the war

http://wopr.stanford.edu/propaganda/10--wwi/50--us/60--recruitment/geeiwish.gif

22. Gee, I wish I were a man

http://gulib.lausun.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/britpost/p19l.jpg

23. The Women’s Land Army

The Answers

11. First CallPatriotismJoin the armyUncle Sam

12. A Wonderful Opportunity for YouExcitementJoin the navyA soldier who is going on leave to some exotic place.

13. You Drive A Car HereComfort - Being in war is easy and familiar.Sign up to drive a car in the war.A big truck.

14. Uncle Sam’s insuranceA sense of security.It’s okay to enlist and fight in this war. You will come back alive.An insurance policy.

15. Be PatrioticLoyalty. Helpful.Save food for the war effort.Miss Liberty appeals for your help.

16. Food is AmmunitionPatriotism.Don’t waste food.Soldiers on the battlefield with the American flag. You don’t wantthem to go hungry.

17. See Him ThroughSolidarity.Give moral support to the soldiers who go to war. The doughboy is going off to war.The Catholic Church supports him.

18. Back our girls over therePatriotism.Support women who support the war effort.A woman running a switchboard for troops in Europe.

19. For your boyCompassion.Send money to the YMCA.The YMCA guy gives coffee (and comfort) to a young soldier.

20. Remember your first thrill of American libertyPatriotism.Buy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The Statue of Liberty.

21. Women! Help America’s sons win the warPatriotism.Buy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.Mom, the American flag, U.S. Navy on rough waters, U.S. soldiersdead on the battlefield.

22. Gee, I wish I were a manPatriotism.Join the Navy.Pretty girl in a sailor’s suit.

23. The Women’s Land ArmyPatriotism.Women must work the farms while the men are gone.A woman is plowing the field.


24. “The Government of the People . . .”

25. Provide the sinews of war

26. Private Treptow’s Pledge

27. Remember the Bond

28. Answer the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call

29. Hold up your end

30. Have you a Red Cross service flag?

31. Keep this hand of mercy at its work

32. The Spirit of America

24. “The Government of the People . . .”Patriotism and democracy.Be patriotic and support the war.Abraham Lincoln.

25. Provide the sinews of warPatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.An American ship is being loaded with goods for war.

26. Private Treptow’s PledgePatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The young dead soldier. “You who are not called upon to die” shouldgive money to the war.

27. Remember the BondPatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The soldier is enmeshed in barbed wire. You are bonded to him.

28. Answer the Red Cross Christmas Roll-CallPatriotism. Sentimentality.Donate one dollar to the Red Cross.A home with a fire in the fireplace. A Christmas tree.

29. Hold up your endPatriotismBuy Liberty bonds - this is how the government finances the war.The nurse holds one end of the stretcher. She needs you to hold upthe other end. A bomb is exploding in the background.

30. Have you a Red Cross service flag?PatriotismDonate money to the Red Cross.A little boy puts a Red Cross sticker onto his window.

31. Keep this hand of mercy at its workCompassionDonate money to the Red Cross.The hand is that of a Red Cross nurse. She takes care of thewounded.

32. The Spirit of AmericaCompassion and patriotism.Join the Red Cross.Miss Liberty is wrapped in the flag.


The GoalWe want an immediate off-the-cuff response.

At first, this will be a parody.Over time, students are clever.

The teacher gives the situationPropaganda:What do you think of that?

PauseWhile the gals dream up a way to capture this . . .The guys put it into one-liners.

Then students respond

the valley girlOne catchy phrase from the social butterflies.Alicia Silverstone: You know her style. She’s not clueless; actually she’s quite clever.Given this circumstance, what would she say?

We want only one answer from all the gals,expressed by the lead gal.

the boyzinthebackHow about a few bullets (uh, bullet-ins) from the boyzintheback?One-liners from the guys in the back row.You know their style.

We want only one answer from all the guys,expressed by the lead guy.

“Students distinguish fact from opinion.”

Life is like a rock group

If you gave a problem to 5 different rock groups, they'd each come up with a different song.

The teacher states the situation: Propaganda: What do you think of that?

Break into 5 groups and take on a name. Do research about the problem. Then present your side of story. Discuss the situation in class - giving each group timeto present its views.

Team #1: The Boomers* Describe all the positive facts and consequences.These are the sunniest students in the class. Theseoptimists are ready to tell you all the positive aspects.

Team #2: The Busters**Describe all the negative facts and consequences.These are the gloomiest students in the class. Thesepessimists are ready to tell you all the negativeaspects.

Team #3: The Factoids*** Present the facts and only the facts. No opinionswhatsoever. These no-nonsense students excel inmath and science. On paper, they boil it down to tenfacts or less.

Team #4: The Emotionals**** Present only your reactions (emotions and feelings)to the problem. These are the social butterflies. Theycare only about their emotional reactions. They areknown for their compassion.

Team #5: The Outrageous Ones*****Come up with a new way of looking at the situationthat stuns everyone. Free spirits, they are divergentthinkers. They see it in a new light. They present atotally new way to look at it.

*Propaganda helps a country win the war. **Propaganda makes people HATE the enemy. ***Define propaganda.****How would you like to be hated?*****Only suckers believe propaganda.

Ten million people died in World War I.

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Lecture

How should a war end?The lessons of history . . .

End the war so that you do not start another oneWhen you end a war, you must not humiliate the defeated country.Take a look at the difference . . .

World War IThe British and French humiliated Germany.

1. They punished Germany.2. They made Germany pay for the war.3. The Germans hated the British and French; the Germans started planning for World War II.

World War IIThe U.S. did not want to commit this error again.

1. We did not punish Germany and Japan.2. We helped rebuild them! (Helped their economy grow and their political system become democratic.)3. Today, we are friends.

Woodrow Wilson was wiseBefore the war ended, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points.He wanted “peace without victory”: Nobody won, nobody lost.After all, the British and French did not really win the war; the Americans were the decisive factor.Germany never surrendered; it simply agreed to a ceasefire, an armistice.On the basis of this document, Germany agreed to the ceasefire in November 1918.

The British and French were stupidThe British and French were slick.At the Paris Peace Conference, they wrote a peace treaty called the Treaty of Versailles.In short, they said: We won and Germany lost.The conditions were horrible:

1. The whole blame for starting the war was put on Germany.2. Germany would have to pay for all the damages caused during the war.3. Germany had to sign it. If not, the Allies were going to invade Germany.

The Big FourENGLAND Lloyd George Prime Minister The British people wanted Germany punished.FRANCE Georges Clemenceau Prime Minister Germany must never invade France again.ITALY Vittorio Orlando Premier Italy wanted to be rewarded with territory.THE U.S. Woodrow Wilson President Retreated from his Fourteen Points.

Cared about creating the League of Nations. To prevent future wars!


Document

The Fourteen Points President Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan for ending World War IJanuary 1918

Once more, as repeatedly before, the spokesmen of the Central Empireshave indicated their desire to discuss the objects of the war and the possible basisof a general peace. Parleys have been in progress at Brest-Litovsk betweenRussian representatives and representatives of the Central Powers to which theattention of all the belligerents have been invited for the purpose of ascertainingwhether it may be possible to extend these parleys into a general conference withregard to terms of peace and settlement.

The Russian representatives presented not only a perfectly definite state-ment of the principles upon which they would be willing to conclude peace but alsoan equally definite program of the concrete application of those principles. The rep-resentatives of the Central Powers, on their part, presented an outline of settlementwhich, if less definite, seemed susceptible of liberal interpretation until their specificprogram of practical terms was added. That program proposed no concessions atall either to the sovereignty of Russia or to the preferences of the populations withwhose fortunes it dealt, but meant, in a word, that the Central Empires were tokeep every foot of territory their armed forces had occupied - every province, everycity, every point of vantage - as a permanent addition to their territories and theirpower.

It is a reasonable conjecture that the general principles of settlement whichthey at first suggested originated with the more liberal statesmen of Germany andAustria, the men who have begun to feel the force of their own people's thoughtand purpose, while the concrete terms of actual settlement came from the militaryleaders who have no thought but to keep what they have got. The negotiationshave been broken off. The Russian representatives were sincere and in earnest.They cannot entertain such proposals of conquest and domination.

The whole incident is full of significance. It is also full of perplexity. Withwhom are the Russian representatives dealing? For whom are the representativesof the Central Empires speaking? Are they speaking for the majorities of theirrespective parliaments or for the minority parties, that military and imperialisticminority which has so far dominated their whole policy and controlled the affairs ofTurkey and of the Balkan states which have felt obliged to become their associatesin this war?

The Russian representatives have insisted, very justly, very wisely, and inthe true spirit of modern democracy, that the conferences they have been holdingwith the Teutonic and Turkish statesmen should be held within open not closed,doors, and all the world has been audience, as was desired. To whom have webeen listening, then? To those who speak the spirit and intention of the resolutionsof the German Reichstag of the 9th of July last, the spirit and intention of theLiberal leaders and parties of Germany, or to those who resist and defy that spiritand intention and insist upon conquest and subjugation? Or are we listening, infact, to both, unreconciled and in open and hopeless contradiction? These are veryserious and pregnant questions. Upon the answer to them depends the peace ofthe world.

What President Wilson wasactually saying . . .

Germany is ready for peace onone condition:It wants to keep the territory itconquered during the war.

(When Russia surrendered toGermany, the Germans seizedlarge chunks of the RussianEmpire.)

The Central Powers are united:They will continue fighting untilEngland and France accept onefact:

Their seizure of territory is per-manent.

In Germany, the liberals wantpeace, but the military wants tokeep the territory they have wonin war.

Germany is ruled by militaristsand imperialists. Their maingoal is to increase the size ofthe German Empire.

Russia surrendered to Germanyand got out of the war.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks wantpeace talks to be open to thepublic.

They want the world to see thatthis was a war of conquest.

Germany went to war just toseize territory and enlarge itsempire.


Graphic organizer

Compare & Contrast

The Treaty of VersaillesGermany was not invited to the Paris PeaceConference. It was forced to sign the Treaty ofVersailles. The treaty was harsh on Germany:

1. Germany got 100% of the blameIn the War Guilt Clause (Clause 231), Germany hadto accept full blame for causing World War I.

Germany had to cough up $33 billionThe Germans had to pay reparations to England andFrance for damages caused by the war.

2. Germany was de-militarizedIt had to cut its army down to 100,000. (no tanks)It could have no navy (only 6 ships, no submarines).It could have no air force.It could no longer have a draft.

3. Germany gave up its coloniesDid the colonies become independent countries? No. The British and French grabbed them and calledthem “mandates.”

4. Germany gave back territory in Europe

German troops withdrew from occupied territory.

England and France redrew the map of Europe.

Sometimes they created independent countries, likePoland. (Good idea)

Sometimes they bunched together two nations andcalled it “Czechoslovakia.” (Bad idea) In the 1990s,the Czechs and Slovaks split and formed their owncountries.

Sometimes they bunched several nations and called it“Yugoslavia.” (Bad idea) In the 1990s, the Serbs,Croats, and Slovenians formed their own countries.

The Fourteen Points The Fourteen Points was a democratic blueprint forpost-war Europe. England and France rejected it.Woodrow Wilson would have been lenient onGermany:

1. Europe must have “peace without victory”: Nobody won, nobody lost.

2. General disarmament.

3. Self-determination for coloniesIf a nation wanted to be independent, then it should begranted independence.

4. Self-determination for small countries inEurope


Class discussion

Which of the Fourteen Points survived?

President Wilson devised a plan that would bring stability to Europe. England and France did not agree,They rejected many of his ideas.Which were put into the Versailles Treaty?

1. Open diplomacyThere were to be no secret treaties like the ones that caused the First World War.

2. Freedom of navigationSeas should be free in peace and in war to ships of all nations

3. Freedom of tradeThe barriers to trade between countries should be removed.

4. DisarmamentAll countries should reduce their armed forces to the lowest possible levels

5. Self-determination of nationsThe nations in Eastern Europe should be given their independence. Every nation has the right to self-government.

6. Germany must withdraw its troops from occupied landsGerman troops must give up all the territory it seized during the war.

7. ReparationsThe defeated nations should not be made to pay for the war and war damage.

8. The League of NationsA world organization should be formed to protect world peace in the future.


Group analysis

Bloom!The Fourteen Points

Take a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).

Break into six groups.

1. DefineUsing an encyclopedia, define it.

2. InterpretIn your own words, explain it.

3. Apply What if you applied it to your own life?

4. AnalyzeList the parts.

5. SynthesizeAdd up the parts . . . and create a new thing.

6. EvaluateTo what extent did the Fourteen Pointslive up to the Declaration of Independence?

Here’s what we came up with . . .

1. The Fourteen PointsA set of principles proposed by President Woodrow Wilson as thebasis for ending World War I and preventing future wars.

2. Imperialism was the problem.Big countries grabbing small nations to build a larger empire.

Self-determination was the solution.If you want to prevent future wars, you have turn small nations intoindependent countries. The little countries belong to the League ofNations, which protects them.

3. There is a bully at your school. He rolls over smaller, weaker stu-dents. The only way to solve this is to make the weak studentsstrong. When the bully attacks one, the League of Students willcome down on him like a ton of bricks.

4. “Open covenants openly arrived at” means no secret deals amongnations.

“Adjustment of all colonial claims” means self-determinations of nations (independence).

“Disarmament” means stop producing weapons.

“The League of Nations” was formed to protect small nations andworld peace.

5. England and France ignored these principles when theywrote the Versailles Treaty.

6. It did.Every nation has the right to do what we did in 1776.If you want to be an independent country, then you have the right todo so.That’s self-determination.

If the Czechs want their own separate country and the Slovaks wanttheir own separate country, then let them have it.

Don’t smoosh them into one country (Czechoslovakia) and expect itto work.


Group analysis

Bloom!The Treaty of VersaillesTake a little seed and make it bloom into a lovelyflower (or poisonous plant).

Break into six groups.

1. DefineUsing an encyclopedia, define it.

2. InterpretIn your own words, explain it.

3. Apply What if you applied it to your own life?

4. AnalyzeList the parts.

5. SynthesizeAdd up the parts . . . and create a new thing.

6. EvaluateTo what extent did the Treaty of Versailles live up toPresident Wilson’s ideal of national self-determination?


1. The Treaty of VersaillesIt placed the sole responsibility for the outbreak of war in 1914 onthe shoulders of Germany and its allies.

2. World War I was a war of conquestIt was a war of imperialism - to increase the size of an empire. The British and French took Germany’s colonies in Africa.The British and French carved up the Ottoman Empire: The Britishtook Palestine, the French took Syria, etc.The only person ashamed about this was U.S.President Woodrow Wilson.

The treaty started WW2Germany was made to pay for the whole war.Germans were angry.They wanted revenge. In the 1920s, Hitler capitalized on that anger.

3. Five of us start a fight in the schoolyard.When the principal catches us, we put the blame entirely on you.

4. Germany had to give up:Land in Europe, its colonies overseas, $33 billion, plus foreigntroops occupied its border with France.

5. The British and French were equally to blame.Germany wanted revenge.The Treaty of V guaranteed the start of another war.

6. It did not!

AFRICA: The German colonies were not allowed to determine theirown destiny. The were now owned by the British.

THE MIDDLE EAST: The people of the were not allowed to deter-mine their own destiny. They were called “mandates” and were con-trolled by the British and the French.


Group analysis: distinguish fact from opinion.



The teacher states the situation: The Treaty of Versailles: What do you think of it?







*It was the peace treaty that ended World War One.**No national self-determination for colonial peoples.***List the parts of the Treaty of Versailles.****If you were African, how would you feel about this treaty?*****The treaty that ended WW1 helped start WW2.

Group analysis: distinguish fact from opinion.



The teacher states the situation: The Fourteen Points:What do you think of it?







*If a nation wants to be independent, then let it be.**England and France ignored the 14 Points when they drew up theVersailles Treaty. ***List 3 ideals of the Fourteen Points.****If you were a small country, how would you feel about theFourteen Points?*****Thanks to an isolationist Congress, the U.S. never joined theLeague of Nations.


Quotations

Great Quotations

Translate these famous sayings into your own words Here are some lessons from the past. Read between the lines and tell us what people are really saying . . .

Woodrow Wilson, the flip-flopper

1. “The United States must be neutral in fact as well as in name.” - Woodrow Wilson (1914)

2. “America cannot be an ostrich with its head in the sand.” - Woodrow Wilson (1916)

3. “The world must be made safe for democracy.” - Woodrow Wilson (1917)

4. “We desire no conquest, no dominion.- Woodrow Wilson (1917)

What is he talking about?

5. "The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in ourlifetime."

- Sir Edward Grey

6. “My center is giving way, my right is pushed back, situation excellent, I amattacking.”

- General Foch at the Battle of the Marne (1918)

7. “Lafayette, we are here!”- General Pershing

8. “It must be a peace without victory. . . . Only a peace between equals can last.” - Woodrow Wilson (1917)

9. “1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at.2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas.3. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment

of all colonial claims. . . .”- Woodrow Wilson (1918)

10. “The good Lord had only ten.”- Georges Clemenceau, French leaders (1918)


1. We do not want to be in thiswar. We must take no actionthat gets us into war.

2. We cannot ignore the war.We must begin to think aboutthis war.

3. We are going to enter thewar! Our motive is a good one.

4. The U.S. did not go to warfor territorial gain.

5. The war has began. Thelight of hope has gone out.Darkness means despair.

6. The Germans are beatingme and it’s great. I tell mytroops to climb out of theirtrenches and capture theGerman trenches. The guy isnuts.

7. The U.S. Army arrived inFrance in 1917 to help theFrench. Just as the Frenchhelped the U.S. back in 1776.

8. The Treaty of Versaillesmust be fair and not causeanother war.

9. This is Woodrow Wilson’sFourteen Points.

No secret diplomacy.No subs sinking ships.Colonial peoples deserve self-determination.

10. The French leader is notimpressed by Wilson’s FourteenPoints.


11. “A general association of nations must be formed for the purpose of affordingneutral guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great andsmall states alike.”

- Woodrow Wilson (1918)

12. “A little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own, have ren-dered the great Government of the United States helpless and contemptible.”

- Woodrow Wilson (speaking about the U.S. Senate)

13. “I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory andthe sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with themeat except to bury it . . . Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallowwere obscene.”

- Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms

11. The League of Nations

12. The U.S. Senate refused tosign the Treaty of Versailles.They also refused to join thenew League of Nations. Thisgave President Wilson a stroke.

13. Hemingway was an ambu-lance driver in World WarI.There is no glory in beingblown to bits by field artillery.


World War OneIf you answer them in order, you will score well. They are in logical order.If you jumble them up, you will score less well. That’s how it’s done on the real test.

Test Questions

The Definition

1. World War I took place during the ____.a. early 19thb. late 19thc. early 20thd. late 20th

2. World War I took place during what years?a. 1776-1783b. 1861-1865c. 1898-1901d. 1914-1918e. 1939-1945

3. For the most part, World War I was fought where?a. Asiab. Africac. Europed. Latin Americae. The Middle East

4. World War I was foughta. in the air by airplanes.b. on the sea by battleships.c. under the sea by submarines.d. on the land by mechanized armies.e. all of the above

5. Who was defeated in World War I?a. Englandb. Francec. Germanyd. the United Statese. all of the above

6. Which was known as the “Great War”?a. World War Ib. World War II

7. Which was known as “the war to end all wars”?a. World War Ib. World War II

8. In which war did the U.S. fight Hitler and Nazi Germany?a. World War Ib. World War II

Our definitions come from theAmerican Heritagedictionary.

The Answers

1. c

2. d

3. c

4. eThis is why 10 million died.

5. c

6. a

7. a

8. b


Sequence of events

9. Put the following events into chronological order:A. The Treaty of VersaillesB. The Russian RevolutionC. Germany invades FranceD. U.S. enters the warE. assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

a. A, B, C, D, E,b. B, C, D, E, A,c. C, D, E, A, B,d. D, E, A, B, C,e. E, C, D, B, A

10. Put the following events into chronological order:A. The Fourteen PointsB. The “Powderkeg of Europe” explodesC. The sinking of the LusitaniaD. The Zimmerman NoteE. The U.S. entry into the war

a. A, B, C, D, E,b. B, C, D, E, A,c. C, D, E, A, B,d. D, E, A, B, C,e. E, B, C, D, A

11. Put the following events into chronological order:A. assassination of Archduke FerdinandB. Wilson proclaims U.S. neutralityC. British blockade of GermanyD. Lusitania sunk by German U-boatE. Russian Revolution began


12. Put the following events into chronological order:A. Treaty of VersaillesB. Poland becomes an independent countryC. U.S. enters the warD. The Fourteen PointsD. armistice


9. eDon’t get cross-eyed when yousee one of these abba-babbas.

Think of the first thing that hap-pened.

It is E!

10. b

11. a

12. c

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