THE PROGRESSIV

E ERA

UNIT 2 NOTES

America: Pathways to the PresentAmerica: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism

Section 2: Progressive Legislation

Section 3: Progressivism UnderTaft and Wilson

Section 4: Suffrage at Last

Chapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era (1890–1920)

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

George Washington; Federalist (1788)

John Adams; Federalist (1796)

Thomas Jefferson (1800)

James Madison (1808)

James Monroe (1816)

John Quincy Adams (1824)

Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)

Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)

William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)

John Tyler; Whig (1841)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)

#11 - 20James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)James Garfield; Republican (1880)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the intent and impact of

the Progressive Era.

Objective 2.3: Compare the Progressive policies of President’s Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.

Objective 2.4: Describe the factors that led to a final victory for women’s suffrage.

THEME: Reform minded citizens, called Progressives, hope to change American society for the better at the turn of the 20th Century

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT AND WILSON

CHAPTER 18 SECTION 3

T.R. BRINGS CHANGEA number of Progressive reforms were made at the

federal level starting with Theodore Roosevelt in 1901. Teddy Roosevelt came to the presidency after the

assassination of William McKinley.

He used his presidential powers to shape domestic policy and support worthy or moral causes. In this way, he created the modern presidency, in which the chief

executive is a strong political force.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT Life: 1858 – 1919

Harvard Graduate (1880) Born from wealth in New York but was fascinated by the west and

wanted to be a cowboy

Jobs: cattle rancher, deputy sheriff, historian, naturalist, explorer, author of 35 books, police commissioner, assistant Secretary of the Navy, governor of New York, war hero, and lawyer. He quit his job with the Navy and created his own army: In 1898, he

resigned from the Department of the Navy and organized the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, known as the Rough Riders.

He was a conservationists and created 10 new national parks and protected 42 million acres of U.S. for wildlife, including the Grand Canyon!

Major Accomplishments! First to leave the country: traveled to Panama in 1906 In 1906, Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role of

negotiator in the Russo-Japanese War. He was the first American to win the Nobel Prize.

Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president, assuming the office at the age of 42.

Short Biography: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzm2EBYfyDg

WILLIAM TAFTRepublican: elected President in 1908

Taft was endorsed by Roosevelt and pledged to carry on the progressive program.

However, he did not even appoint any Progressives to his Cabinet.

He campaigned on a platform to lower tariffs, but ended up signing a bill that added some highly protective tariff increases. (Payne-Aldrich Tariff)

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The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Progressives are conservationists (environmental protection) Taft chose Richard Ballinger for Secretary of the Interior, who

opposed conservation of public lands o Ballinger sided with business interests who sought unrestricted

development of public lands.o Ballinger allowed businesses to obtain Alaskan land for coal miningo Taft fired U.S. Forest Service Head Gifford Pinchot, when he protested

these actions in 1909

THE PROGRESSIVE PARTYAngry Republican Progressives teamed up with Democrats

against the opponents of reform in the Republican Party. Roosevelt criticized Taft and campaigned for Progressive candidates in the 1910 midterm

elections.

Progressives left the Republican party; formed the Progressive Party, nicknamed the Bull Moose Party. Platform: woman’s suffrage, a child labor ban, an eight-hour workday

On October 14, 1912, Roosevelt was campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin when a local saloon-keeper shot him.

The bullet lodged in his chest after passing through a jacket pocket containing his steel eyeglass case and a copy of his 50 page speech which had been folded in half.

He declined immediate treatment and gave his 90 minute speech with blood seeping from the wound into his shirt. “Ladies and gentlemen, I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot,” Roosevelt said, “but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.”

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A Four-Way Election

THE ELECTION OF 1912

Fought to keep the Presidency for the Republican PartyWilliam Howard Taft

Represented the Progressive Bull Moose PartyTheodore Roosevelt

Made his third of five presidential runs for the Socialist Party

Eugene V. Debs

Headed the Democratic ticket; with the Republican Party split between Taft and Roosevelt, Wilson won the election.

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson wins the 1912 Presidential Election• Progressive Presidents:

- Teddy Roosevelt (1901 – 1908)- William Howard Taft (1908 – 1912)- Woodrow Wilson (1912 – 1920)

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WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNn48EFgybM&list=PLA1A8026A71ABC223&index=14

WILSON AS PRESIDENTWilson attacked the trusts by helping Congress pass the Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914. It spelled out specific things businesses could not do

o Could not price cut in local markets to hurt competitiono Could not prevent their customers from buying from other companieso Labor unions could not be treated as monopolies

He did not want to monitor trusts – he wanted to get rid of them This act strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

Wilson and Congress created the Federal Trade Commission to enforce the Clayton Antitrust Act.

In 1916 Wilson won a second term.

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THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM The changes made by Progressives were limited to certain groups in the United States. Progressives championed municipal reforms, but did little for

tenant or migrant farmers.

Progressive Presidents took little action to pursue racial social justice reforms.

Wilson continued the Jim Crow practice, begun under Taft, of separating the races in federal offices. At the 1912 Progressive Party convention, Roosevelt declined to

seat black delegates from the South for fear of alienating white Southern Progressives.

By 1916, the reform spirit had nearly died. It was replaced by American concerns about World War I.

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PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT AND WILSON—ASSESSMENT

What party was nicknamed the Bull Moose Party?(A) The Conservatives(B) The Republicans(C) The Progressives(D) The Democratic Socialists

What is a significant issue that the Clayton Anti-Trust Act help resolve?

(A) Preserving national forests(B) Labor unions could not be treated as monopolies(C) Eliminating corruption from big business(D) Helping end child labor

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT AND WILSON—ASSESSMENT

What party was nicknamed the Bull Moose Party?(A) The Conservatives(B) The Republicans(C) The Progressives(D) The Democratic Socialists

What is a significant issue that the Clayton Anti-Trust Act help resolve?

(A) Preserving national forests(B) Labor unions could not be treated as monopolies(C) Eliminating corruption from big business(D) Helping end child labor