american history chapters 16-18 overview. inventions and new changes skyscrapers: louis sullivan...
TRANSCRIPT
INVENTIONS AND NEW CHANGES• Skyscrapers: Louis Sullivan
• Airplanes: Wilbur and Orville Wright
• More people went to high school and college
• Sports became popular: Baseball, Tennis, Boxing
• Amusement Parks: World’s Fair, Coney Island
• Mass Circulation Newspapers: James Pulitzer
• American Fiction: Mark Twain (Adventures of Huck Finn)
• Rural Free Delivery, Advertisement, Department Store’s (Marshall Fields in Chicago)
SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION
• Poll Tax and Grandfather Clause
• Segregation: Laws to separate blacks and whites
• Plessy vs Ferguson: Made Segregation Legal
• Segregation vs. Asians and Mexicans as well
PROGRESSIVE ERA
Progressive Movement: Fix all the problems in American
1. Social Welfare, Moral Improvement, Economic Reform and Efficient Business
Prohibition: Banning of alcoholic beverages was introduced
Muckrakers: Journalist who wrote of bad economic policies
Changing City Governments: State Controlled
Child Labor Laws and Working Hour Laws were introduced
17th Amendment: Senators elected by the people
WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Susan B Anthony: Leader of Women’s Suffrage Movement
Suffrage: Right to Vote
19th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote (1919)
TEDDY ROOSEVELT (REP)Roughriders: Volunteer group that wanted war with Spain
Became famous for Calvary victory at San Juan Hill
Chosen as McKinley’s VP in 1900 (wanted him out of NY)
McKinley was assassinated in 1900…Teddy is the President
Youngest President to date (42 years old)
Reformer: Trustbuster, Arbitrator in strikes, Regulator (RR, Food)
Conservation: Preserving Wilderness, State/National Parks
Civil Rights: NAACP
TAFT (REP) AND WILSON (DEM)
Ran for President and won in 1908 (defeated Bryan--D)
“Vote for Taftt, you can vote for Bryan anytime”
Did not advance Roosevelt’s policies, Fat, Not well liked
Roosevelt and Taft (once friends, turned on each other)
Woodrow Wilson (D): Elected by a landslide in 1912
Democrats began to be more progressive, people liked
Wilson set up FTC, Federal Reserve, 19th Amendment
AMERICAN EMPIRE
Imperialism: Stronger nations control weaker ones
Hawaii and Alaska were the first areas to be gobbled up
American went to war with Spain in 1898
American won Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
Cuba also became a free country
Boxer Rebellion: Rebellion in China to rid foreigners, stopped by US
Panama Canal
Pancho Villa: Mexican who attacked American’s
US: WORLD POWER BY 1914
CAUSES OF WWI
NationalismDevotion to the interest/culture of ones nationCaused people to want independence
ImperialismEuropean countries creating Empires Led to competition between France, GB, Germany
MilitarismDevelopment of the armed forces as a political toolEach countries militaries became much stronger
Alliances Divide Europe—Cause War
Allies France, GB, Russia
Central Powers Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy, Turks
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to Austrian throne, killed by a Serbian Nationalist
Alliances Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia declares war on Austria Hungary Germany declares war on Russia and France (allies of
Russia) Great Britain declares war on Germany
FIGHTING SLOWS DOWN
Trench WarfareArmies would dig into trenches (usually 3 on each side)Charges were tried but not successfulMachine guns, grenades, chemical weaponsLots of death
One battle saw 1.2 million people die for 7 miles of landLasted for 3 years
US THOUGHTS ON THE WAR
OpposedWar between Germany and EnglandFirst and Second Generation Immigrants did not want to
declare war against home country (Germany)
ForSome Americans felt a close bond with GBDidn’t like how Germany was aggressiveMost importantly, we traded A LOT more with the Allies
(GB, France) than with Germany
GERMANY MAKES AMERICA MAD
Lusitania British passenger ship that was sunk by German U-Boats, killed
over 1,200 (128 Americans)
Zimmerman Note Telegram from German Prime Minister to Mexico Attempted to get the Mexicans to declare war on America
(Germany would help them get land back)
President Woodrow Wilson Declared war on Germany (April 2 1917) Made the world safe for Democracy
US TROOPS IN WWI
Selective Service Act (draft)Men had to register with the government, random selection200,000 were initially selected (over 2 million by the end)
Convoy SystemUS Destroyers guarded ships carrying troops and supplies to
Europe
Breath of Fresh AirAmerican troops helped lifted the spirit of the Allies who had
been fighting for over 2 years in trenches
AMERICAN TROOPS
John J Pershing Leader of the American Forces in WWI Doughboys—shocked by what they saw
New Styles of fighting Machine Guns, Tanks, Planes, Gasses,
Observation Balloons (all made fighting more deadly)
Shell Shock Complete emotional collapse caused by war Caused by seeing and living in horrible
conditions Trench foot, lice, smell of dead bodies,
water, trench mouth PTSD is what it is called today (still a big
deal)
HOW THE WAR WAS WON
German AdvanceGermans were stopped in their advance by USA/France
and GBEventually the Allies were able to push German troops
back into Germany
German CollapsedAustria-Hungary surrendered, sick of GermanyGermans were too exhausted to fightArmistice—truce/peace that ends the war
FINAL RESULTS
Death Toll 22 million people died (over half civilians) 338 billion dollars (price of war) US Death toll (48,000 in battle, 62,000 from disease)
US Economy Benefited b/c government took control of many industries Increase in production by 20%
Propaganda Communication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions, used to get
support for the war (financial and military)
RESULTS CONT..
Anti-ImmigrantsEspecially from the countries we were fighting againstGermans lost their jobs, removed German things from
American Culture Hamburger—Liberty Sandwich Sauerkraut---Liberty Cabbage
Great MigrationLarge scale movement of Southern Blacks to cities in the
North to find jobsWomen also began to work jobs that men had done before
OTHER EVENTSFlu Epidemic
Killed around 500,000 AmericansKilled over 30 million world wideSpread throughout the world by soldiers coming home from WWI
Woodrow WilsonUS President, came up with 14 pointsLeague of Nations—organization created to settle disputes
between countriesNot supported by European countries b/c it did not punish
Germany enough
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Treaty of VersaillesPeace treaty that officially ended WWI
9 new countriesGermany could not have an ArmyGermany had to pay 33 billion
Reparations---punishments Results
Germany was very poorEurope was destroyedHitler would begin to rise to power
TERMS
Isolationism Pulling away from world affairs Popular thought after WWI
Communism Economic and political system based on a single party government
ruled by a dictator Government control political, economical, social Russia became the USSR
Quota System Set up the maximum number of immigrants that could come from
specific countries
TERMS
Urban Sprawl Cities began to grow/spread out in all directions Transportation allowed for this to happen
Warren G Harding President after Woodrow Wilson Many scandals, patronage
Calvin Coolidge President after Harding Favorable business policies, helped spur economic development
IMMIGRATION LIMITATION
Quota System
WhyNot as much need for unskilled labor after WWIFear of immigrants bringing new ideas into America,
such as Communism
Hate Groups became more popular
CHANGES
Automobile Easier to move back and forth Houses changed New business (gas stations, hotels, malls) Rural families were able to live easier lives
Electricity Household appliances and factories
Advertisements Modern brand names began to spread, companies grew Credit was made available, allowed people to buy things
TERMS
Prohibition Manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol was illegal. 18th
Amendment
Speakeasies Underground saloons/bars/nightclubs, were people illegally drank alcohol
Bootlegging Smuggling alcohol across the country Selling alcohol illegally
Al Capone Gangster from Chicago Bootlegging business netted over 60 million, rise in organized crimes
TERMS
Flapper Young women who embraced a new sense of fashion, dressed very
unconservative
Charles Lindbergh First person to make a nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean, became a
national hero
F. Scott Fitzgerald Author, wrote This Side of Paradise and the Great Gatsby. Revealed the
negative side of life in the 1800s.
Louis Armstrong Famous trumpet player
Harlem Renaissance Literary and artistic movement that celebrated African American Culture
DIFFERING VIEWS ON LIFE
City Life Fast-paced, larger cities Less safety, more modern
Prohibition Alcohol was viewed as the cause of social problems Small town vs. large city People got sick of the problems enforcing, passed the 19th Amendment.
Religion Fundamental view (literal) vs. liberal view
SOCIAL CHANGES
New Independence for WomenRight to voteMore rights that were equal to men (socially as well)Worked more—family size was less
Roaring 20’sNickname given to the 1920sLots of change towards being more modernRelatively good times throughout America
MEDIA CHANGES
Changes within the MediaRadio, Newspapers, Magazines became popularPeople became more connected to what is going on in
the world and in America.Helped bring America more togetherCelebrities started to appear
Babe Ruth, Charles Lindbergh, Charlie Chaplin
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Good on the Surface, Bad UnderneathCredit—people began to fall into debt b/c they were
relying too much on creditDow Jones Industrial Average—tells the strength of the
stock market. Rose steadily in the 1920sSpeculation—people began to buy and sell stocks on
little notice, hoping to make a quick profit. Caused people to buy risky things.
BOTTOM FALLS OUT
Black Tuesday October 29th, 1929 Day the stock market crashed Everyone panicked and sold all their shares at once
16.4 million dollars were dumped Eventually it caused investors to lose over 30 billion dollars
Great Depression Time Period between 1929-1940 Economy fell apart in America and around the world Skyrocketing Unemployment (20%), tens of thousands of banks
were forced to close
OTHER ISSUES WITH THE DEPRESSION
Shantytowns Towns made up of shacks sprung up everywhere Due to the number of people that lost their homes Psychological Depression and Suicide numbers increased dramatically
(people leaving their families)
Soup Kitchens/Bread Lines Places that offered free food to homeless people Many other charities started to appear
Dust Bowl Plains area that was hit by a horrible drought Impossible to grow anything All farmers struggled because people couldn’t pay for food
PRESIDENT HOOVER
Herbert HooverPresident from 1928-1932Was elected because of the prosperity the country was
going through
Hoover’s Response to the Great DepressionDid not take much action at allFelt it was the individual’s responsibility to get
themselves out of the DepressionDidn’t want to be President at the end
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
RooseveltBecame President after HooverTook a much more active approach to trying to fix the
problemPassed a ton of new laws that increased government
power in fixing banks, businesses, homes, and putting people back into work
New DealRoosevelt's Plan to fix the country, occurred within his
first 100 days within office
NEW DEAL LEGISLATION
AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act Raised crop prices for farmers by lowering production, government
paid farmers for not farming all of their land Increased prices but made hungry people mad
CCC Civilian Conservation Corps Put young men (18-25) back to work by building roads, planting trees,
making parks, really doing anything to keep people busy
WPA (Works Progress Administration) Did the same thing as the CCC More construction type job
OTHER NEW DEAL THINGS
Social Security ActGave money to retired workers and their spousesUnemployment Checks and Disability Payments
SEC/FDICSecurities and Exchange CommissionTried to regulate banking and investingProvided insurance to put money back into banksAttempting to make sure something like this never
happens again.
MISC. ISSUES
Eleanor Roosevelt FDR’s Wife Gave guidance to the President, helped him a lot because FDR was in a
wheel chair Great Humanitarian
Fireside Chats Roosevelt used the radio to talk to the public each week. He told them
that everything was going to be ok. Restored confidence in our country
Movies Became very popular during this time, escape from reality Gone with the Wind, Wizard of Oz