Chapter 5.1American Nationalism

IntroductionThe United States entered an “Era of Good

Feelings” after the War of 1812. The federal government began building the national road, defended its authority to regulate interstate commerce, and declared the Western Hemisphere off limits for future colonization.

One political party, easier to pass laws and more unity

Also felt a growing respect from European nations, b/c the US had not lost the War of 1812

Uniting the CountryDuring the last two years of James Madison’s second

term American leaders launched an ambitious program to create a unified nationSecond National BankTariffs protected manufacturers from foreign competitionTurnpikes, Canals and Roads

Federalists Party was in disarrayFederalist declined b/c they disapproved of the Hartford

Convention and many joined the RepublicansRepublicans now believed a strong gov. was necessaryMonroe won the presidency of 1816 with 183 electoral

votes

The Second BankRepublicans blocked the renewal of the first national

bank in 1811Effects

Debt rapidly during war of 1812 Gov. borrowed money from state and private banks

Now had to pay interest on loans

Many Republicans began supporting a national bankRep. Calhoun of SC proposed the Second National

Bank of the USHenry Clay and Daniel Webster of MA supported The bank bill passed in 1816 – bank could issue

currency and tax state banks

Tariffs and TransportationSupport of manufacturers was another part of the

Republican programUS trade declined as a result of the embargo

Manufacturers now had a market overseas British goods were cheaper than American Goods

To keep Americans in business Congress issued a Protective Tariff New England shippers and southern farmers opposed the

tariff (Why?)

Transportation ImprovementsCalhoun's sponsored federal improvement planMonroe vetoed the planRoads and Canals were still built with private and state

funds (toll roads)

Judicial NationalismUnder Chief Justice

John Marshall, the Supreme Court issued decisions that helped strengthen the national government

Marshalls only formal training was six weeks at William and Mary

Between 1816 and 1824 the Supreme Court established dominance of the court over the states

Martin vs. Hunter’s LesseeThe Case

Denny Martin (British Citizen) tried to sell land in Virginia inherited from his uncle, who was a British loyalist during the Rev. War.

Virginia had a law that said “No enemy” could inherit land(Court Jurisdiction)

Supreme Court decided it had the authority to hear appeals from all state court decisions (set a precedent)

The appealed case had to involve land or treatiesCourt Ruling

The court ruling was based on Jay’s Treaty, which stated that land belonging to loyalists before the war was still loyalist land.

McCulloch v. MarylandBackground

Maryland passed a law refuting the Second Bank of the USThe Cashier at Second Bank Branch in MD, James McCulloch,

refused to pay the tax, and the matter went to the Supreme Court.Court Ruling

According to the “necessary and proper” clause the court had the implied power to establish a nation bank

States _________________________________________with the federal government bank, “supreme in its own sphere of action”

Justice Marshall noted the constitution included the “necessary anf proper clause” related to tax collections, taking loans, regulating commerce, and raising and army. As a result it was necessary to have a national bank.

Maryland could not tax the federal bankMcCulloch Won

Gibbons vs. Ogden Background

Aaron Ogden had an exclusive license to all steamboat traffic in New York (est. by NY State leg.)

Gibbons started a steamboat company on NY Waters and the Hudson

NY state court found in favor of Ogden

Gibbons appealed to the US Supreme Court

Court Ruling Declared a monopoly and ruled in

favor of Gibbons Constitution gave the fed. Gov.

control over interstate commerce (all trade along coast and waterways)

Marshalls opinion explained that federal law would always take precedent over state law.

Jackson Invades FloridaIn early 1800s Spanish Held Florida

frustrated many SouthernersRunaway Slaves fled there and the US had no

authority to intervene thereThe Creek Indians, united with escaped slaves

and other Native Americans and took the name Seminole “Runaway”

Turmoil– Seminoles raided Georgia and Georgians raided Florida

Jackson Invades Florida Cont… Calhoun, Sec. of War, ordered

General Andrew Jackson to travel to Florida with troops and stop the Florida raids Jackson raided several Seminole

villages Disobeyed orders and seized St. Marks

and Pensacola Removed Spanish Governor from

power

Spanish were furious but couldn’t stop Americans

Sec. of States, John Quincy Adams, signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, which ceded all of Florida to the United States. Increased US territory Absolved Spain of 5 million dollars

owed to America

Monroe DoctrineRebellion occurred in Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto

Rico, and Santo DomingoQuadrupleAlliance sought to help Spanish control colonies

and suppress revolutions against monarchiesGreat Britain, Austria, Prussia, an Russia, later joined by

FranceThe US and Great Britain made a great deal of money due

to trade with Caribbean Spanish ColoniesDid not want Spain to reassert controlBritain suggested the US issue a joint statement telling Spain,

hands off the colonies in the CaribbeanRussia also worried the US

Claimed Alaska and in 1821 claimed Oregon Territory b/t Alaska and the Oregon Territory

Monroe Doctrine Cont…Sec. Adams urged Monroe to

not work with the British Did not want the US to be

considered a junior partnerMonroe issued a statement

without British approval in 1821 Stated that the Europeans were no longer able to colonize in the Americas This statement was later

named the Monroe Doctrine This began the long history

of the US trying to inhibit European involvement in the Americas

Exit Ticket (1 point for all correct)(Write on separate piece of paper and turn in)1) What did the US gain from the Adams-Onis

Treaty?2) Why did the US issue the Monroe Doctrine?3) How did the court gain power during the

Era of Good Feelings?

Up NextEarly Industry in the US