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CLICK ABOVEOCTOBER 13, 2010

THE DALEYSOF CHICAGOTHE MAGIC OFMOUNT RUSHMORE

BATTLE OFNEW ORLEANSLATE BUT GREAT VICTORY

AMERICANPATRIOT

THE DALEYSOF CHICAGO

46THE MAGIC OFMOUNT RUSHMORE

8BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANSGREAT BUT LATE VICTORY

THIS WEEKIN AMERICANHISTORY

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

14 15

DR. JONAS SALKMEDICAL MIRACLE WORKER

12

FAIR FOODSFRYING THE UNFRIED

10

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4 AMERICAN PATRIOT

THE DALEYSOF CHICAGO

CHECK OUT THE FAIR’S WEBSITEFOR VISITOR INFORMATION

The father, Richard J., was a traditional big citypolitical boss, the undisputed Democratic bossof Chicago. He played a major role in nationalDemocratic politics with, for example, his piv-otal support for fellow Irish-American John F.Kennedy in 1960 and of Hubert Humphrey in1968 against the anti-Vietnam War insurgencyof the liberal wing of the party. But he is alsoremembered as an ethnic working class pol whonever forgot his roots, and used his party posts inChicago and Cook County to dominate politicaland civic affairs. His machine was ruthless andregularly accused of corruption, but Daley him-self was never formally charged. His completecontrol of the city machinery helped him keepChicago a business and labor friendly place, andit did not suffer the kinds of declines that other“rust belt” cities did during the period. He diedwith the image as a primitive and brutal politicalboss — his use of police to quell rioting outsidethe Democratic National Convention in 1968 wascritiqued as “Gestapo-like”— but his reputationis being rehabilitated as people remember howwell he governed and how smoothly his home-town operated. Never able to relinquish control,Daley died in office.

The son, Richard M., set a different tone or,perhaps, changed with the times. He appealedto a more upscale educated elite and, in his earlyyears, his team included many of President

Obama’s coterie — David Axelrod, Valerie Jarrett,and current mayorial candidate Rahm Emanuel.A lawyer by training, Daley was chosen by Timemagazine in 2005 as the best mayor of a largecity. Despite an imperial style, he presided over aresurgence in tourism, infrastructure and trans-portation modernization, lots of new parks andrecreation along the lake, the rapid developmentof the city’s North Side and an influx of cleanbusinesses, and a takeover for the better of thefailed school system. In announcing his decisionnot to run for reelection, he said: “I've alwaysbelieved that every person, especially public of-ficials, must understand when it's time to moveon. For me, that time is now.” Though at a lowpoint in his popularity at the moment, manyurban historians believe time will be kind tothis Mayor Daley as well.

VIDEO CLIPS OF THE TWO MAYORS DALEY

It is fair to say that no city has had a father-son team quite like the Daleys. As RichardM. Daley prepares to step down after six terms in office that spanned 1989-2010,many people of an earlier generation are reminded once again of his father, RichardJ. Daley, who was mayor from 1955-1976. Though there were five mayors betweenthem, that fact seems lost for the millions who are used to saying “Mayor Daley” toChicago’s two longest-serving chief executives.

6 AMERICAN PATRIOT

THE MAGIC OFMOUNT RUSHMOREMount Rushmore is a strange and fascinating site, an epicsculpture featuring the faces of four exalted American presidents:George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt,and Abraham Lincoln. South Dakota’s Black Hills provide thebackdrop for Mount Rushmore, the world’s greatest mountaincarving. These 60-foot high faces, 500 feet up, look out over asetting of pine, spruce, birch, and aspen in the clear western air.The phrase “Shrine of Democracy” was first used in 1930 forthe dedication of the George Washington head, and has come tocapture the essence of the monument.

AMERICAN PATRIOT 7

Sculptor Gutzon Borglum began drillinginto the 5,725-foot mountain in 1927.Creation of this priceless shrine took 14years and cost a mere one million dollars.It started as an idea by South Dakota statehistorian Doane Robinson to draw sight-seers to the South Dakota Black Hills. Atfirst, many people were skeptical butGutzon found an amenable spot — thetowering Mount Rushmore, named in 1885for New York lawyer Charles E. Rushmorewho, by pure chance, was checking propertytitles in the area when the mountain wasnamed. After President Calvin Coolidgededicated the memorial in 1927, workcommenced. The Washington head wasformally dedicated in 1930, followed byJefferson in 1936, Lincoln in 1937 andRoosevelt in 1939. Borglum died in March1941; the final dedication was not helduntil 50 years later. His son, Lincoln Borglumsupervised the completion of the heads.

Today, Mount Rushmore is a NationalMemorial operated by the National Park

Service. Added to the mountain sculptureover the years are the Concession Building,an Avenue of Flags, and a GrandviewTerrace — all of which lead to thePresidential Trail, a half-mile walk thatoffers spectacular views. How successful isthe monument as a work of art? Considerthe assessment of another individual whomade a name blending art and nature:“The noble countenances emerge fromRushmore,” wrote architect Frank LloydWright, “as though the spirit of the moun-tain heard a human plan and itself becamea human countenance.”

WATCH A SLIDESHOWABOUT MOUNT RUSHMORE

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The most dangerous animals in the forestdon’t live there.The most dangerous animals in the forestdon’t live there.

8 AMERICAN PATRIOT

In 1814 we took a little tripAlong with Colonel Jackson down the mighty Mississip.We took a little bacon and we took a little beansAnd we caught the bloody British in the town of New Orleans.

We fired our guns and the British kept a'comin.There wasn't nigh as many as there was a while ago.We fired once more and they began to runnin' onDown the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.

— BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS by Jimmie Driftwood

SEE ALL THE LYRICS

AMERICAN PATRIOT 9

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANSGREAT BUT LATE VICTORY

As the jaunty hit song of the 1950s attests,

Americans vaguely remember the Battle of

New Orleans as a smashing victory for our

side. Indeed it was cause for celebration:

Andrew Jackson defeated a large invading

British Army intent on seizing New Orleans

and the vast lands of the Louisiana Purchase,

winning the greatest land victory of the War

of 1812 and forcing the British to flee.

An interesting historical twist, however, is

that the battle need not have been fought.

It actually reached its peak on January 8,

1815 — but a peace treaty between the

American and British governments had already

been signed in Ghent, Belgium, on Christmas

Eve, nearly two weeks earlier. Remarkably,

given the slow methods of communications

in those days, news of the peace did not reach

the combatants until February.

Although the Battle of New Orleans had no

influence on the war itself, many historians

believe that the defeat at New Orleans com-

pelled the Britain to honor the treaty. It also

helped burnish Andrew Jackson’s reputation

as a fighter and strategist, which eventually

propelled him to the White House. Perhaps

most importantly, it electrified the young

country and gave it a needed boost of self-

confidence after a lackluster military per-

formance throughout the War of 1812. The

anniversary of the battle was celebrated for

many years and a Federal park was estab-

lished in 1907 to preserve the battlefield;

today it features a monument and is part of

the Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and

Preserve. And, of course, we all benefitted

from the lighthearted song which, when sung

by Johnny Horton, topped the Billboard

chart in 1959!

WATCH A VIDEO OF JOHNNYHORTON’S HIT THE BATTLEOF NEW ORLEANS

THE BATTLEFIELD ON JANUARY 8, 1815

10 AMERICAN PATRIOT

DR. JONAS SALKMEDICAL MIRACLE WORKER

With all the controversy over the passage ofObamacare, it is important to remember thatAmerican medicine has been second-to-nonein terms of breakthroughs and innovations. Onesuch triumph came from Jonas Edward Salk,developer of the first successful vaccine for polio.

PICTURED ABOVE:Dr. Salk gives atest inoculationto his son

AMERICAN PATRIOT 11

Born in New York City and the oldest sonof Russian-Jewish immigrant parents,Salk was the first in his family to go tocollege, working for his education at CityCollege of New York, and then at NYUSchool of Medicine. After graduation, butstill at NYU, Salk began to look for a fluvaccine and, along with a colleague, ac-tually developed a vaccine used by themilitary during World War II. Salk movedon to the University of Michigan and thento teaching at the University of Pittsburghin 1947.

While in Pittsburgh, Salk developed arelationship with the March of Dimes.Since the turn of the century, polio out-breaks had exploded — nearly 58,000cases occurred in 1952. He decided todevote his research to its prevention. Yearsof work paid off: in 1952, he developeda trial vaccine for polio composed of“killed” polio virus, which retained theability to immunize without the risk ofinfecting the patient. He first inoculatedvolunteers, including himself, his wife,and their three sons. In 1954, he pub-lished his findings in the Journal of theAmerican Medical Association, and na-tionwide testing was carried out. Nearlytwo million schoolchildren took the

vaccine, and the results proved it to besafe and effective.

News of the discovery was made publicin April 1955, and Salk was an instantnational hero. The impact was dramatic:in 1955 there were 28,985 cases of polioin the U.S. and by 1957 that number hadfallen to 5,894. Since he wanted it to bedistributed freely to everyone, Salk neverpatented his polio vaccine. Though an oralvaccine developed by Dr. Albert Sabingained popularity in the early 1960s, Salk'svaccine is still popular because the riskfactor is low. Today, in the U.S., cases ofpolio are extremely rare and the WorldHealth Organization hopes the diseasewill be eradicated worldwide soon.

In 1963, Salk established the Salk Insti-tute for Biological Studies and eventuallysettled it in San Diego. He had receiveda $20 million grant from the NationalScience Foundation and support from theMarch of Dimes. Salk’s last years werespent searching for a vaccine againstAIDS. He died in 1995 at 80 years of age.

DR. JONAS SALK IS ONE OFTIME MAGAZINE’S 100 MOSTIMPORTANT PEOPLE OF THE20TH CENTURY

12 AMERICAN PATRIOT

FAIR FOODSFRYING THE UNFRIED

AMERICAN PATRIOT 13

Annual fairs in America generally date to the

early 19th century, and were a showcase of

early American junk food. Cotton Candy was

among the first true fair-foods, going by names

such as “fluffy stuff” and “fairy floss.” Grilled

meat, the perennial favorite of the pre-indus-

trial-revolution set, was of course in ample

supply. Refreshments included root beer, gin-

ger ale, and lemonade. For a largely isolated

population with limited diets, the fair was a

chance to revel in foods that seemed luxurious

and even exotic.

Modern fair food really took shape with the

advent of portable heating sources and elec-

tricity. Machine spun cotton candy made the

scene in 1894, allowing the 1904 World’s Fair

to sell over 70,000 boxes at 25 cents apiece,

half the cost of admission to the fair. Hot dogs

and hamburgers are traced to the turn of the

century, with evolution reaching its nexus with

the corndog-on-a-stick being patented in 1927.

Candy apples came by way of Britain, as did

taffy; however, salt water taffy was invented in

Atlantic City and the Pennsylvania Dutch are re-

sponsible for funnel cake, the Italians, zeppoli.

Today, fair food is experiencing a renaissance.

Standardization is out, localism is in. Regional

cuisine is now a major draw at fairs, from the

sprawling state fairs of the Midwest to the

county fairs on the coasts. Fried cheese curds

are popular in Wisconsin, lobster rolls in Maine,

and the onion burger draws a crowd in Oregon.

The modern fair food court now extends beyond

traditional American favorites — in states

with large Asian and Middle Eastern popula-

tions, Kebab, Gyro, and Indian concessions

are enthusiastically patronized.

The prevailing fair-food trend of the past few

years has been the frying of the previously

unfried. It started with the frying of candy bars

and cookies, notably Oreos, Chocolate Chip

Cookies and Mars Bars. In recent years, ven-

dors have responded with an outpouring of

fried options, from spam sandwiches to banana

splits. Though the trend shows no signs of

slowing, it has reached its logical conclusion:

at this years’ Texas State Fair, the recognition

for “Best in Taste” was awarded to Chicken-

Fried Bacon.

Though the modern American diet isn’t exactly famous for its health andwholesomeness, it’s the daytrip to the county or state fair where we reallylet it all hang out. Whether one’s weakness is fried meat on a stick, cottoncandy, or funnel cake, the fair seduces even the most strident calorie-counters. Going overboard at the food stands is a longtime andmuch-lovedtradition in America, one that transcends generations, races, and class. Eventhe stoic Lutherans can’t help themselves: the Minnesota state fair offers 59foods-on-a-stick, fromdeep-fried-shortcake-on-a-stick to camel-on-a-stick.

14 AMERICAN PATRIOT

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

I have learned over the years thatwhen one’s mind is made up, thisdiminishes fear; knowing whatmust be done does away with fear.

— ROSA PARKSHer refusal to move to the back of the bus, andsubsequent arrest, led to the birth of the modernAmerican Civil Rights movement. Her arrest led to ayear long boycott of the city bus system in Montgomery,Alabama. It happened December 1, 1955.

THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY

AMERICAN PATRIOT 15

1871.The Great Chicago Fire roared all week, killing 250 people and destroyingnearly one-third of the city. One hundred thousand were left homeless. The firebegan near the home of Patrick and Catherine O’Leary in the southwest partof the city. Legend has it that fire started when the O’Leary family cow knockedover a lantern, but the truth is unknown.

SHOWN HERE: THE AFTERMATH OF THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE

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