American Red CrossFirst Aid/CPR/AED

For Schools & the CommunityLay Responder

(non-professional)

Consent to give first aid

Actual consent- Implied consent-

Deciding to Act

1. How many states have enacted this law?2. Why was it DEVELOPED?3. What does the law protect you from?4. What doesn’t the law protect you from?5. List the 5 things you must do so the law

will protect you?

Good Samaritan Law Article

1. List the 3 reasons you would have to move an injured victim?

2. What should you AVOID when you are moving an injured victim?

3. What is the proper technique called to move an unconscious or severely injured victim.

Do No Further Harm Article

Universal Precautions- 1. 2. 3. Follow any situation with possible contact

with blood and other bodily fluids.

Universal Precautions p. 711

Check Scene

Safe? Clues # of victims Bystanders to help

Victim Injuries Life threatening conditions

Unconscious Trouble breathing Chest pain or pressure No pulse Bleeding severely

Emergency Action Principles

Call 911 or local emergency # for ambulance & get

an AED if available Give

Exact location Telephone # What happened # and condition of victims What help is being given DON’T HANG UP TILL DISPATCHER DOES!

Care for victim Life threatening injuries 1st

Less severe Help victim stay calm, relaxed

State your name, certifications,obtain consent and ask what happened.

Check for life threatening injuries, from head to toe. (A,B,C,S)

Do not ask the victim to move and do not move the victim.

Look for a medical alert tag and ask questions. Call 911 or have someone call if serious.

Checking Conscious Adult

Supine - On their back

Prone- Face down

Recovery- On the side( roll as one unit, no twisting.

Position Terms:

1. Check the scene2. Tap & Shout“Are you alright?”3. “Go call 911.” & get AED4. Check for Signs of Life (A, B, C’ S)

Open airway Head Tilt Chin Lift (tilt head back, lift chin) listen for breathing no more than 10sec.

If suspect back, neck or head injury Do not Tilt Neck

Breathing: recovery position

Checking Unconscious Adult See text pg 723

Partial Airway Obstruction- when a victim can partially move air to and from the lungs, cough, & speak.

Complete Airway Obstruction- When a victim can no longer speak, cough, breath.

Universal distress Signal-

Choking Terms P.725

1. GET CONSENT 2. Give 5 Back Blows 3. Give 5 Abdominal thrusts 4. Alternate until choking stops or they

become unconscious. Stand behind victim Find belly button Make fist with other hand Place thumb side of fist against middle of victims abdomen

(just above belly button) Grab fist with other hand Quick upward thrusts CONTINUE UNTIL- object is up, victim can breath, coughs on

own, or victim becomes unconscious

* Chest Thrusts- obese, pregnant females

Conscious Choking Adult ( Breathing Emergencies)

1. Give yourself abdominal Thrusts2. Use the back of a tall chair to perform the

thrusts for you.3. Call 911 from a land line phone( they will

trace call)

If you are alone & Choking

-Find hand position5. 30 chest compressions ( at least 2in.

Deep))6. 2 rescue breaths7. If don’t go in continue RE-TILT & TRY AGAIN8. Continue with 30 compressions9. Look for object

- if you see one remove it10. 2 more breaths11. Continue with cycles

Unconscious Choking Adult

1. Head Tilt Chin Lift (open airway) and pinch nose.

2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each breath should last 1 sec.)

3. Watch the chest rise

Gastric Distention- when you ventilate( breath) too hard and the air skips the lungs and goes into the stomach.

How to Give A Rescue Breath

Stop cycles if Object removed Chest rises with rescue breaths

Check for signs of circulation If none continue with compressions and breaths

Victim starts breathing on own EMS arrives & takes over Someone else takes over If you are too exhausted to continueAfter 5 Cycles Re-check for SIGNS OF LIFE

Unconscious Choking Adult

After the first set of rescue breathes for an ADULT & the breaths DO NOT go in

-YOU REPOSITION & TRY THE BREATHS AGAIN!

If you DO NOT know they are choking

See text pg 734

No Signs of Life, No AED, Unconscious

Adult- 12 years or older

Place yourself midway between the head & chest (kneeling)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

1. Give 30 Chest Compressions 1 1/2 -2 inches deep Takes about 18 sec (rate of approx 100 per min)

2. Give 2 rescue breaths Lasts about 1 sec each

Continue sets of 30 compressions & 2 breaths for 2mins or 5 cycles then re-check for signs of life.

Once CPR is started continue until See signs of life Scene is unsafe AED available Too exhausted Someone takes over

CPR

4 links1. Early recognition and access to emergency

system- call 911

2. Early CPR- keeps blood and oxygen flow to organs,

prevents brain damage and death

3. Early Defibrillation- Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

- Electronic shock to heart

4. Early Advanced Life support- Paramedics

Cardiac Chain of Survival

Child (1-8 or less than 55lbs) pediatric pads Do not use on metal, water Cell phone at least 6ft. away Can use with a pace maker Remove clothing on chest & wipe chest Remove nitroglycerin pads AED will talk you through procedures**FOR EVRY MINUTE THE AED IS NOT IN USE IT

DECREASES THE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL BY 10%

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

Heart Attack- death of cardiac muscle to the heart due to a blockage

Signs ( most people ignore or deny) Chest discomfort or pain (may spread to

other body areas) Sweating Nausea Shortness of breath General ill feeling

Deaths are reduced by recognizing early symptoms of heart attack

Recognizing a heart attack p.739

Cardiac Arrest- when the heart stops following a heart attack/blockage

Sudden Cardiac Arrest- is when the heart stops beating suddenly & unexpectedly, when this happens bloods stop flowing to all vital organs

Respiratory Arrest- when breathing stops

Each year there are approx. 300,000 cardiac arrests outside of the hospital. 2000 of those occur under

the age of 25 & lead to premature death.

Cardiac Arrest

The best chance of survival is within the first 4 mins.

Clinical Death- after breathing & circulation have stopped you have 4-6 minutes of stored oxygen before your cells begin to die.

Biological Death- after 10 minutes, brain activity stops.

Clinical & Biological Death

Check Scene Victim

Life threatening Head to toe

Call 911 Care

Give care until help arrives

Injuries

Types Wounds/ Burns (Soft Tissue) Muscle, Bone, & Joint

Injuries

Muscles Strain: tearing or stretching of muscles or

tendons Tendons- strong fibers that attach muscle to bone

Bones Fracture: a break, chip, or crack in a bone

Types: Open (compound) Closed (simple)

Deformity, snap, and pain may be present

Muscles, Bones, & Joints pg. 716

Joints

Sprain: tearing of ligaments at a joint Wrist, knee, ankle, & finger Ligaments- strong, tough, soft tissue bands that attach

bone to bone

Dislocation: the movement of a bone out of its position in the joint. Usually caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in place. Finger

Apply ice, immobilize and go to doctor **** Do not try to pull it out

Muscles, Bones, & Joints

Signs of severe injury: Can not move or use body part A snap or a pop is heard Bone is visible Significant bruising, swelling, or deformity

Muscles, Bones, & Joints

R- Rest I- Immobilization C- Cold

Apply ice for up to 72 hours 20 min on 20 min off

E- Elevate

** Keep part immobile, if have to move victim, 1st splint injury. Do not elevate a severe injury unless it has been splinted

Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries

Splint: Types

Anatomical- Splinting an uninjured body part to an injured body part.

Ex’s- Soft- Ex’s- Rigid- Ex’s-

Immobilizing Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries

Only if victim must be moved Only if you can do without causing more pain Splint in position you found it Splint above and below site of injury Check for proper circulation before and after

splinting (feeling, warmth, & color)

Guidelines to Splinting

1.Support injured area2.Check circulation3.Place splint4.Tie splint in place5.Recheck circulation

Steps to Splinting

Minor Wounds Cleaned & covered Open Wounds

Control bleeding Prevent infection

Clean & cover Closed Wounds

Apply cold Major Wounds

Call “911” and control bleeding

Care for Wounds (External Bleeding)

Pg. 740

Bruise Incision Laceration Abrasion Avulsion Puncture

Infection-

Wounds 740

Use Latex Gloves

Arterial- bright red (oxygenated) Venous- darker blood

** Approximately 2 pint per 25 pounds

Bleeding

Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body

Cool, moist, pale or bluish skin Vomiting or coughing up blood Excessive thirst Confused, faint, drowsy, or unconscious

** Serious Internal Bleeding- Call “911” immediately

Clues to Internal Bleeding

1. Cover with a dressing and press firmly using Direct Pressure

2. Elevate Injury

3. If bleeding doesn’t stop Add additional dressings over top

Control Bleeding Pg. 742

Circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body

Life threatening condition

Types Insulin Traumatic (sudden injury) Anaphylactic (sting, medication, seafood etc.)

Shock (see text pg 733)

Signals of Traumatic Shock Restlessness or irritability Altered consciousness Pale, cool, moist skin Looks disoriented Rapid breathing Rapid pulse Dilated pupils

Shock

Lie down and rest Control external bleeding Maintain normal body temp Elevate legs if injuries allow Only water at room temperature Make sure advanced help is on the way

Caring for Shock

Seizure Do not hold or restrain victim Do not place anything in their mouth

( unless trained) Remove objects that may cause injury Cushion head/place something under head

Seizure P. 712

Stroke Diabetic Emergency

Help victim remain calm & get medication Poisoning/ Allergic Reactions

Call 911 & Poison Control #

Sudden Illness Pg. 712

Care for life threatening conditions Have victim rest in comfortable position Keep from getting chilled or over heated No food or water Reassure victim Send someone to meet EMS Ask about medical conditions &

medications Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock Watch for changes in consciousness or

breathing

Caring for Sudden Illnesses