american response to the looming threat of a second world war responses to the growing power of...
TRANSCRIPT
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American Response to the Looming Threat of a Second World War
Responses to the growing power of dictators
TONIGHT: •Read up through page 750 (we will discuss the entirety of the homefront effort on Monday).
•Then, fighting, atomic bomb, begin post-war discussion
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What does this cartoon
suggest about American
policy towards Europe’s
problems in the early 1930’s?
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Background Context
• Washington Naval Conference (1922)• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) • Good Neighbor Policy (1930-1934)
• German, Italian, and Japanese alliances• Soviet Union and Germany sign Non-
Aggression Pact
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US Legislates Neutral Isolationism
• Hitler institutes universal
training and denounces
Versailles Treaty and
Mussolini invades Italy and
Somaliland
• Spanish Civil War
• Japanese invade
China
• Neutrality Act of 1935 – arms
embargo, discretionary travel
restrictions
• Neutrality Act of 1936 – ban on loans
to belligerents
• Neutrality Act of 1937 – mandates the
above, not discretionary
NOW COME BACK TO THE CAUSES OF WWI – WHY DID FDR DO THIS?
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Attempts to stop German
Expansion
• Munich Conference Agreement (1938):
• Germany, Britain, Italy, and Hitler allow Hitler to take Sudetenland (was it even theirs?)
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What is this cartoon saying about the Munich Conference?
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Differing Viewpoints• Charles
Lindbergh was part of the “America First Movement”
• What does this cartoon say about this movement?
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Differing Viewpoints Con’t
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Non-Neutral Isolationism*technically still called a “neutrality act”
• Germany Invades Poland and WWII officially begins
• Neutrality Act of 1939
• Called: Cash and Carry
• It allowed European Democracies to pay cash for war goods … as long as these democracies carried the goods on their own boats
CONSIDER GW’S ADVICE REGARDING ENTANGLING ALLIANCES.
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War Continues … America Changes Policy:Non-Neutral Isolationism
• Hitler’s success continues – Germany was well prepared for war
• Evacuation of Dunkirk– Allied troops flee … literally leaving equipment behind
• Manhattan Project is created
• Hitler turns his attention to Britain, Battle of Britain is running out of $
• Cash and Carry cannot continue
• FDR passes the Lend Lease Agreement
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Lend Lease Agreement – US becomes the Arsenal of Democracy
• Lend Lease allowed the US to “lend” war goods to Britain in exchange for Britain “leasing” some strategic naval bases to the US
• FDR’s rhetoric gained support for this program• FDR compared Lend Lease to loaning your neighbor your
garden hose to put out a fire at his/her house• Think back to what you know about the fireside chats…• Would you ever loan someone gum?
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Protecting the Arsenal of Democracy
• FDR said the US was defending the Four Democratic Freedoms without entering the war
• freedom of speech and expression
• freedom of worship• freedom of want• freedom of fear
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Lend Lease in Actuality
• Lend Lease assists Allies without drawing the US into the war
• US protects ships to Iceland, no further
• Criticism that none of the loaned goods were reaching their destinations because many were sunk
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Curious Non-War War MeasuresPEACETIME WAR MEASURES
• Selective Service Act (Sep 1940)• A peacetime draft? – wasn’t it peacetime still?• Why did the US need this if it was isolated and neutral?
• Atlantic Charter (Aug 1941) - Churchill and FDR • Planned strategy for WWII• Created a post-war plan
– BUT THE US WASN’T EVEN IN THE WAR YET!
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WHY DID THE JAPANESE ATTACK PEARL HARBOR?
• Pearl Harbor was not the first attack on US ships
• Panay – 1937 – Japan bombs this ship
• Japan pays quick reparations…nothing else happens
• Reuben James is sunk– 1941 – US soldiers die escorting ships to Britain
• Most people paid no attention…Woodie Guthrie did
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Pearl Harbor’s History
• Japan counted on US to provide necessary resources for war
• In response to Japanese invasion of China, US freezes Japanese assets and stops trading oil, scrap metal, etc
• Japan is not pleased
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor• Which some people say FDR knew about
– Having information and using it wisely are very different
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PEARL
HARBOR
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Pearl Harbor Statistics
• More than 2,403 die – Arizona• 19 ships sunk or damaged• 188 planes
• Dec 8, 1941 congress declares war on Japan unanimous in Senate and in House
• only one dissenting vote (Jeanette Rankin)
• Triggers US involvement in Europe as well
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DON’T FORGET THE MAJOR CHANGES IN AMERICAN
FOREIGN POLICY AND WHY THEY SHIFT!!!
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Look at your Economic Indicators Charts and Stats
• Explain the meaning of these 4 charts based on what you now know.
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