american society thru the 1950’s a. returning to peace time

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American Society thru the 1950’s

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Page 1: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

American Society thru the 1950’s

American Society thru the 1950’s

Page 2: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

A. Returning to Peace Time

Page 3: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

GI Bill• Servicemen’s

Readjustment Act (1944)

• Provided for– Education– Unemployment

Compensation– Low Cost Home Loans– Low Cost Business

Loans• Spurred the Growth of

the Economy of the 1950’s

Page 4: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Move to the Sunbelt• Move continued after WWII• Air-conditioning & defense

industries spurred movement

Page 5: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The Affluent Society• Economic Boom 1950-1970• National Income doubles each

decade

Page 6: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

B. Politics of the Era

Page 7: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Truman’s Fair Deal (1949)• Program of Social

Improvement• Continuation of

New Deal with:– Minimum Wage– Increased rights for

African Americans– National Health

Insur

• Major success was the Housing Act of 1949 and minimum wage

"Every segment of our population, and every individual, has a right to expect from his government a fair deal."

Page 8: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

22nd Amendment (1951)

• Limited presidents to 2 terms or 10 years maximum

• Conservative move because of 17 years of Democratic control

Page 9: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Election of 1952• Truman decides not

to run• Eisenhower wins• 1st Republican

president since the Depression

Page 10: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Dynamic Conservatism• Ike’s policy conserving money,

while still providing for citizens– Increased Soc Sec & minimum

Wage– Created the Dept of Health,

Education & Welfare (1953)

• Tried to balance the budget:– Reducing farm subsidies– Reducing defense spending

Page 11: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Alaska & Hawaii

• Alaska becomes 49th state

• Hawaii becomes 50th state

Page 12: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

C. The Baby Boom

Page 13: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

It seems to me that every other It seems to me that every other young housewife I see is pregnant.young housewife I see is pregnant.

-- British visitor to America, -- British visitor to America, 19581958

1957 1957 1 baby born every 7 1 baby born every 7 secondsseconds

•Increase in birth rate from 1946-1964

Page 14: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

D. Suburban Living

Page 15: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

$7,990 or $58/month with $90 down $7,990 or $58/month with $90 down payment.payment.

Levittown, NY: Levittown, NY: “The American “The American Dream”Dream”1949 1949 William LevittWilliam Levitt

produced produced 150 houses per week. 150 houses per week.

Housing Shortage led to planned mass produced suburban communities

Page 16: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The New “American Dream”

The New “American Dream”

• 1 story high1 story high

• 12’x19’ living 12’x19’ living roomroom

• 2 bedrooms2 bedrooms

• tiled bathroomtiled bathroom

• garagegarage

• small backyardsmall backyard

• front lawnfront lawn

By 1960 By 1960 1/3 of the U. S. population 1/3 of the U. S. population in in the suburbs. the suburbs.

Page 17: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

SHIFTS IN POPULATION SHIFTS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION,

1940-19701940-1970

19401940 19501950 19601960 19701970Central CitiesCentral Cities 31.6% 32.3% 31.6% 32.3% 32.6% 32.0% 32.6% 32.0%SuburbsSuburbs 19.5% 23.8% 19.5% 23.8% 30.7% 30.7% 41.6%41.6%Rural Areas/Rural Areas/ 48.9% 43.9% 48.9% 43.9% 36.7% 26.4% 36.7% 26.4%Small TownsSmall Towns

Page 18: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

• Strengthened the idea of the nuclear family as the model for American life

Page 19: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

E. Consumeri

sm

Page 20: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

•Money saved in WWII was ready to Money saved in WWII was ready to be spentbe spent

•More disposable income increased More disposable income increased spendingspending

All babies were potential consumers All babies were potential consumers who spearheaded a brand-new market who spearheaded a brand-new market for food, clothing, and shelter.for food, clothing, and shelter. -- Life -- Life Magazine (May, 1958) Magazine (May, 1958)

Page 21: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

• Americans were buying new products that would modernize their lives

• Planned Obsolescence – goods would wear out

Page 22: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

F. A Changing Workplace

Page 23: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

• Response to the strikes of 1946 – 5 million workers went on strike

• Gave government more control over unions– 60 day wait period– Outlawed closed shops– States could regulate union

shops

Page 24: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

AFL-CIO Merger (1955)

• 2 largest labor unions joined in 1955

• Will run into problems because of Jimmy Hoffa & the Teamsters

Page 25: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Landrum-Griffin Act (1959)

• Ike’s response to Jimmy Hoffa & the Teamsters

• Tightened government control over unions

• ALL unions suffered because of this and membership declines

Page 26: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Automation of Industries:

1947-1957 factory workers decreased by 4.3%, eliminating 1.5 million blue-collar jobs.

By 1956 more white-collar than blue-collar jobs in the U. S.

Computers Mark I (1944). First IBM mainframe computer (1951).

Further Changes

Page 27: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

G. Culture of the Car

Page 28: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Car registrations: 1945 Car registrations: 1945 25,000,00025,000,000 1960 1960 60,000,000 60,000,000

2-family cars doubles from 1951-19582-family cars doubles from 1951-1958

Became the center of the Became the center of the new lifestyle of the 1950’s new lifestyle of the 1950’s

1959 Chevy 1959 Chevy CorvetteCorvette

1958 Pink 1958 Pink CadillacCadillac

Page 29: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The Drive-In Culture

The Drive-In Culture

First McDonald’s First McDonald’s (1955)(1955)

America became a more America became a more uniform nation with franchise uniform nation with franchise businesses because of the businesses because of the automobile.automobile.

Drive-In Drive-In MoviesMovies

Howard Howard Johnson’sJohnson’s

Page 30: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

H. The Television

Page 31: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The Rise of T.V.The Rise of T.V. 1946 1946 7,000 TV sets in the U. S. 7,000 TV sets in the U. S.

1950 1950 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S. 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S.

1960 1960 9 out of 10 families owned at 9 out of 10 families owned at least one setleast one set

Reached a Mass Audience Reached a Mass Audience TV celebrated TV celebrated

traditionaltraditionalAmerican values. American values.

Truth, Justice, and the American way!Truth, Justice, and the American way!

Page 32: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The The Donna Donna Reed Reed ShowShow1958-1958-19661966

Leave It Leave It to Beaverto Beaver1957-19631957-1963

FatherFather Knows Knows BestBest

1954-19581954-1958

The Ozzie & Harriet The Ozzie & Harriet ShowShow

1952-19661952-1966

Television - Family Shows

Television - Family ShowsGlossy view of mostly Glossy view of mostly

middle-class suburban life.middle-class suburban life.

Page 33: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

I. Teen Culture

• \

Page 34: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Who is a Teenager?Who is a

Teenager?In the 1950s In the 1950s the word the word “teenager”“teenager” entered entered the American language. the American language.

Person between 13-19 who had their own Person between 13-19 who had their own unique fads and fashions separate from unique fads and fashions separate from the adult world that will be targeted by the adult world that will be targeted by advertisersadvertisers

Page 35: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Behavioral Rules of the Behavioral Rules of the 1950s:1950s:

CONFORMITYCONFORMITYU Obey Authority.Obey Authority.

U Control Your Emotions.Control Your Emotions.

U Don’t Make Waves Don’t Make Waves Fit Fit in in with the Group.with the Group.

U Don’t Even Think About Don’t Even Think About Sex!!!Sex!!!1951 → “Race” Music: Rhythm & Blues → Rock ‘N

Roll

Page 36: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

Rock ‘n Roll• Believed to make teenagers

behave inappropriately

Buddy Holly

Jerry Lee Lewis

Page 37: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

DelinquencyDelinquency““Juvenile Delinquency”Juvenile Delinquency”

Marlon BrandoMarlon Brando inin

The Wild OneThe Wild One (1953)(1953)

James DeanJames Dean in inRRebel Without a ebel Without a

CauseCause (1955) (1955)

1951 1951 J. D. Salinger’sJ. D. Salinger’s A Catcher in the RyeA Catcher in the Rye

Page 38: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The Non-Conformists

The Non-ConformistsThe “Beat” GenerationThe “Beat” Generation::

f Jack Kerouac (Jack Kerouac (On The Road) On The Road) and and other writersother writers

f Wrote about not conforming to Wrote about not conforming to societies moressocieties mores

f Found a strong following in Found a strong following in teenagersteenagers

““BeatniBeatnik”k”

““Clean” Clean” TeenTeen

Page 39: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

J. Gender Roles

Page 40: American Society thru the 1950’s A. Returning to Peace Time

The Cult of Domesticity Returns

The Cult of Domesticity ReturnsThe ideal modern woman married, cooked

and cared for her family, and kept herself busy by joining the local PTA and leading a troop of Campfire Girls. She entertained guests in her family’s suburban house and worked out on the trampoline to keep her size 12 figure. -- Life magazine, 1956The The ideal 1950s manideal 1950s man was the provider, was the provider,

protector, protector, and the boss of the house. -- Life magazine, and the boss of the house. -- Life magazine,

19551955The women’s place was in the home, the man The women’s place was in the home, the man was the breadwinner. was the breadwinner.

In reality, to support the middle class In reality, to support the middle class lifestyle, more women are going to enter the lifestyle, more women are going to enter the workforce.workforce.

By 1960 40% of women are working full or By 1960 40% of women are working full or part time.part time.