America’s HistoryFifth Edition

Chapter 25: The New Deal,1933–1939

Copyright © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Henretta • Brody • Dumenil • Ware

Section I: The New Deal Takes Over,1933–1935

The Roosevelt Style of LeadershipThe Hundred Days

The New Deal under Attack

The Roosevelt Style of Leadership

• Roosevelt v. Hoover

• What was the New Deal?

• Roosevelt made a connection with the people.– Fireside chats

• Expanded the role of the presidency

• The Brain Trust

The Hundred Days: The Emergency Banking Act

• What was the Hundred Days?

• Banking Crisis– Bank Holiday

• Emergency Banking Act

• Glass-Steagall Act

The Hundred Days

• The Civilian Conservation Corps

• Tennessee Valley Authority

• Legalized Beer• Agricultural

Adjustment Act

The Hundred Days• The National

Recovery Administration

• Unemployment Legislation– Federal emergency

Relief Administration (FERA)

– Public Works Administration (PWA)

– Civil Works Administration (CWA)

The Hundred Days

• Early relief measures were deliberately inflationary

• Abandoning the International Gold Standard

• June 1933– Alphabet Soup Agencies

• After the Hundred Days– Securities Exchange Commission:

• The Banking Act of 1935

The New Deal under Attack

• To the wealthy– Liberty League

• Black Monday– Schechter v. U.S

• Francis Townsend– Old Age Revolving

Pension Plan

• Father Charles Coughlin

The Second New Deal, 1935–1938• Legislative Accomplishments• The 1936 Election• Stalemate

Legislative Accomplishments

• The three r’s• The Second New Deal• Wagner Act• Social Security Act• Works Progress Administration

Legislative Accomplishments

• Revenue Act (1935)• Election of 1936• Supreme Court Fight

– Background– Plan– Criticisms– Outcome– Aftermath

The Second New Deal

• Other Reform acts• Lasting reorganization of the

executive office• Roosevelt Recession• Purge the Democratic party?

Section III: The New Deal’s Impact on Society

New Deal Constituencies and the Broker State

The New Deal and the LandThe New Deal and the Arts

The Legacies of the New Deal

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State

• A larger federal bureaucracy• Government operated as a broker

state

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor

• Labor’s growth• Why did labor

organized labor grow?• Why did labor

organized labor grow?• What were labor’s

causes?• Congress of Industrial

Organization (CIO)– John Lewis– Industrial unionism

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor• 2 victories for the CIO

– UAW at General Motors– U.S. Steel Corporation

• 1930s = one of the most active labor periods of solidarity in American history

• CIO allied itself with the Democratic Party

• Labor movement in American life

Sit-down strike scenes, both inside and outside the factory

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Women and the New Deal• Women in FDR’s

administration• Eleanor Roosevelt• Flaws of the New

Deal

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Blacks and the New Deal• Some New Deal

programs reflected prevailing racist attitudes

• Received significant benefits because they were poor– Resettlement

Administration

• Mary McLeod Bethune

• Changes in voting patterns

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Politicalization of Mexican Americans

• Mexican Americans began to identify more with the US rather than Mexico

• Democrats welcome Mexican-American participation

New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Indian Reorganization Act• Background

• Intent of the Indian Reorganization Act

• Flaws of the Indian Reorganization Act

The New Deal & the Land

• Conservationism• Tennessee Valley

Authority• Soil Conservation

Service in the Department of Agriculture

• Rural Electrification Administration

• Other environmental projects

• ND was ahead of its time

The New Deal and the Arts

• Federal One• Federal Art Project• Federal Music

Project• Federal Writer’s

Project• Federal Theater

Project– red-baiting

The New Deal and the Arts

• Documentary impulse

• The March of Time newsreels

• Resettlement Administration’s historical section

The Legacies of the New Deal

• Federal government became a part of everyday life

• Gov’t made a commitment to intervene• US turns to becoming a welfare state• Shortcomings of the ND• Europe moves towards war• Japan seizes territory in the Far East• Roosevelt put domestic reform on the

back burner & focused on international relations.

Chapter 25:The New Deal(1933–1939)

• Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730)• Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734)• Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738)• Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741)• “One Third of a Nation” (p. 720)• See America (p. 729)• Organize (p. 733)• “The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743)• The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)

Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730)

Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734)

Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738)

Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741)

“One Third of a Nation” (p. 720)

See America (p. 729)

Organize (p. 733)

“The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743)

The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)