amjad umar session : mobile computing and wireless communications -- overview framework for...
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Amjad Umar
SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless
Communications -- Overview
•Framework for discussion •Business drivers: M-Business, M-Government, M-Life•Mobile Applications Platforms to support mobile commerce
Wireless middleware Wireless Networks
Cellular networks: from 1 to 3G Networks Wireless LANsSatellites
Amjad Umar
Amjad Umar
Overview
MobileDevices
WirelessNetworks
Sample Applications
No No Stationary workstations in office
No Yes Wireless LANs to connect office workers in an unwired building
Yes No Using a portable computer in a hotel or conference room
Yes Yes Cellular phones, Palm Pilots, portable offices,
•Growing rapidly with many diverse applications•Many strengths but a few weaknesses
•Different aspects of mobility: •People (customers, suppliers, employees)•Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA, sensors)•Networks: wireless
•Mobile devices and wireless networks are not always same
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The Jargon
M-Business, M-Government
M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce
M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal
Symbian WAP MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW
Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC
Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF
Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN
OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA
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Framework for Discussion
Mobile Business, Government, and Life
Mobile Computing Applications
Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)
Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,
Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)
•Architectures and Integration
•Wireless Security
•Management and Support
•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards
Drivers
Enablers
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Mobile Computing Applications• Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of
– Customers– Suppliers and Businesses – Employees
• Mobile computing applications
– Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)
– Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants• Positional commerce (p-commerce) . • Voice commerce (v-commerce). • Television commerce (T-Commerce)
– Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal
– Specialized applications• Location sensitive apps
• Wireless sensor network apps
• Mobile agent apps
• Two views: – Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications.– Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications
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Mobile Computing Applications Categorization
Consumer
Citizens
Business Employees
EmployeesGovernment
C2G, G2C
C2B, B2C
E2G, G2E
B2E, E2B
B2G, G2B
G2G
B2B
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Mobile Computing Platforms
M o b ile D ev ice (C e ll P h o n e , P D A , P o ck e t P C )
S e rv e r (W eb S e rv e r, eM a il se rv e r,M a in fra m e)
A p p lica tio n
P h ys ica l W ire le ss N e tw o rk
(A n te n n a s , T ra n sce iv e rs , B a se S ta tio n s , C e llu la r N e tw o rks , 8 0 2 .1 1 L A N s , S a te llite s )
M id d lew are S e rv ice s
N e tw o rkT ran sp o rt S e rv ice s
L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s
A p p lica tio n
M o b ile C o m p u tin gP la tfo rm N etw o rk
T ran sp o rt S e rv ice s
L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s
M id d lew are S e rv ice s
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Internet as the Network Platform
IP
WAN1
(Typically
ATM,
Frame Relay,
X.25)
Switch/Gateway
IP
WAN2
IP
WAN3
Switch/Gateway
Switch/Gateway
83.13.17.3
83.13.17.4
Bank1.co..uk
Level3.co..uk
75.10.17.1
75.10.17.3
www.IBM.com
www.sun.com
108.2.11.5
108.2.11.7
cs.um.edu
arts.um.edu
•DNS (Domain Name Services) translates cs.um.edu to 108.2.11.5•Telnet cs.um.edu = Telnet 108.2.11.5•FTP cs.um.edu = FTP 108.2.11.5
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Wireless Web
WebServer
Content(XML/HTML)
Back-endSystemsandDarabases
httpoverwired Internet
WirelessGatewayWireless
Network
http
WirelessBrowser
WebBrowser
WebGateway
1
2
3
4
5
1. Access from Web browser to Web Server over wired Internet 2. Access to Web contents from HTML/XML files 3. Access to non-Web content through a Web gateway4. Access from cellular phone over a wireless network5. Access from wireless gateway to Web Server over wired Internet
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WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)
•Intended for data entry/display on cellular phones•“An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices toeasily access and interact with information and services instantly.” www.wapforum.org•Complete protocol stack similar to Internet protocols but optimized for wireless information pull and push transport layer and above; across multiple wireless technologies
Web Server
WAPGateway
Wirelessnetworkwith WAPProtocol
WAP Phone
Internet
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WIRELESS NETWORKS
Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms
• Cellular networks– 1G to 5G
• Wireless LANs (802.11)• Bluetooth• Satellite systems• Fixed Wireless Local loops• Mobile Adhoc Networks
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Wireless Networks
SatelliteSystems
CellularNetworks
Wireless LANs
Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage
Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage
Example1:802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters
Other examples:802.11g, HiperLAN2
Wireless WANs
PersonalArea Networks
BusinessLANs
Example1:Bluetooth1 Mbps, 10 Meters
Other examples:wireless sensor networks, UWB
Example1: Motorola Iridiumup to 64 Mbps globally
Example 2:Deep space communication
WirelessLocal Loops(Fixed Wireless)
Wireless MANs
Example1: LMDS37 Mbps, 2-4 Km
Example2:FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM
Paging Networks
Example1:FLEX, 1.2 Kbps
Example2:ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps
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Issues unique to wireless•Frequency allocation•Multiple Access•Location
Local Area Networks (LANs) Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs)
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Wired Wired LANs
Ethernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to500 meters)
Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to500 meters)
Wired MANs
FDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)
Wired WANs
ATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps)
Frame Relay (44 Mbps)
Wireless Wireless LANs
Bluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters)
IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps,100 meters)
Wireless MANs
wireless local loops (10 Mbps,100 Kilometers)
Wireless WANs
Current GSM systems at9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2Mbps
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A Sample Wireless School
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
CentrexRouter
Link to
Public Ethernet
T1orDSL
X
Y Z
LAN Server
Wired Ethernet LAN
•X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs
A B
C D
•A, B, C, D arestudent laptops
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Bluetooth
• Founders: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba; May 98
• Currently: Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued 7/99
• Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio link between mobile PCs, phones and other portable devices
• Relatively fast, short packets
• Software for service and device discovery
• Typical application: cellular phone to PDA or earphone
• Forecast: 79% of digital handsets and > 200 million PCs will use Bluetooth by 2002 -- Dataquest
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Bluetooth
Cellular Network
PSTN
AccessPoint
WiredLAN Bluetooth Piconet
(1 Mbps, 10 meters)
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Wireless Local Loops
Inter-ExchangeSwitch
Telephone
Computers
PBX, TV
WirelessLocal Loop
Toll ConnectingTrunks
Inter-ExchangeSwitch
LocalControlOffice
Telephone
Wired Local Loop
Toll ConnectingTrunks
IntertollTrunks
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A Cellular Network
Public SwitchedTelephoneNetwork(PSTN)
MobileTelephoneSwitchingCenter(MTSC)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Mobile User
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cordless connection
Wired connection
HLR VLR
HLR = Home Location Register
VLR = Visitor Location Register
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Cellular networks: What is 3G Anyway?
• 1G: First generation wireless cellular: Early 1980s– Analog transmission, primarily speech
• 2G: Second generation wireless cellular: Late 1980s– Digital transmission
– Primarily speech and low bit-rate data
– High-tier: GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc
– Low-tier (PCS): Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility e.g. PACS
• 2.5G: 2G evolved to medium rate (< 100kbps) data
• 3G: future: Broadband multimedia– 144 kbps - 384 kbps for high-mobility, high coverage
– 2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage
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Evolution to 3G
1G(<1Kbps)
1 Kbps
10 Kbps
100 Kbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
Data Rates
1980 1990 2000 2010
2G(9.6Kbps)
2.5G(10-150Kbps)
3G(144Kbps to 2Mbps)
Years
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Wireless LANs• First generation of products at about 1-2 Mbps
– Lucent’s WaveLAN, RadioLAN, etc.– factor of 10 less bandwidth than current Ethernet
• Next generation of products at 10-11 Mbps– factor of 10 less bandwidth than 100 Mbps Ethernet
• IEEE 802.11 standard – – very successful at present (wi-Fi)– Can deliver up to 64 mbps
• Important niche and enterprise applications (e.g. hospitals)• Increasing horizontal market interest (e.g. SOHO)
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Satellite Communications
UplinkDownlink
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Other issues
Integration
Security
Management and support
Regulations and standards
Wireless Business and Industry
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Reference Model
1. Physical
2. Data Layer
3. Network
4. Transport
5. Session
6. Presentation
7. Application
Call Switching
(Cellular networks,Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)
PSTN Routing
WirelessTelephoneBusiness
IP DataNetwork Routing
WirelessManagement Business
WirelessConsultingBusiness
WirelessTelephonyApplications and Services
Physical Network Elements
WirelessNetworkManagement
WirelessApplication and Platform Management
WirelessNetworkConsultingand EngineeringServices
SystemsConsulting
Applications(e.g., SMS, email,Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB)
Wireless DataNetworkBusiness
Amjad Umar
Summary• Mobile applications is a tremendous area of growth• Business drivers such as M-Business are significant • Mobile computing platforms have to handle special cases:
– Slow line speeds (19.2 Kbps)– Congestions are usual– More error prone
• Different types of wireless networks – Cellular– Wireless LANs – Satellites– Wireless local loops– Many emerging areas: sensor networks, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Free
Space Optics
• Many issues in Architectures, security and management• Standards work is also progressing in many areas