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PROPERTIES OF AMMONIAUSES OF AMMONIA

MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

Ammonia and Its Salts

Proudly done by :

Hisyam See & Fadhlie

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Group Members

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Prepared by : Hisyam See

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To manufacture nitrogenousfertiliser needed for plant

growth.

As raw material for themanufacture of nitric acid.

Ammonia is used to make

nitric acid through

Ostwald process.

Uses of Ammonia

The nitrogenous fertilisers

are actually ammonium

salts obtained from

neutralisation of ammonia

with different acids.

These fertilisers include :

(a)Ammonium phosphate(b)Ammonium nitrate

(c)Ammonium sulphate

(d)Urea

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Prepared by : Mohd Fadhlie Hafiz

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Ammonia?

is alkaline is a colourless gashas a pungent

smell

is less dense thanair

burns in oxygengas, O2 but not in

the air

is very soluble inwater

gives a white funewhen reacted withhydrogen chloride

gas, HCl.

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Properties of Ammonia

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acidto form ammonium sulphate.

NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to formdense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as atest for detecting ammonia gas.

Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.

Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.

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Prepared by : Hisyam See

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How was the Ammonia being manufacturedthrough

Haber Process.

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Haber Process

Was invented in1918 by a Noble

Prize winner, Fritz

Haber (1868-1934).

This reaction makes

ammonia out of

hydrogen and

nitrogen. The nitrogen comes

from the air (78% N).

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The Haber Process

The Haber process is a reversible reaction.

A reversible reaction is one where the products ofthe reaction can themselves react to produce theoriginal reactants.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1

The conditions below are needed in

manufacturing Ammonia.Temperature : 450CPressure : 200 atm

Catalyst : Iron

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Haber Process Manufacture of Ammonia

Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3through the Haber Process

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Air Nitrogen Hydrogen Natural Gas

The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm andheated to about 450C.

The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed

over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia isformed.

About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving thecatalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixtureis cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.

The unreactedNitrogen andHydrogen are

recycled.

Liquid Ammonia !

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Copy this in your notebook!

Key facts

1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and

hydrogen will convert to ammonia.3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and liquefies in the

condenser4. The H and N which do not react are passed through the

system again so they are not wasted.

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Teacher, please give us bonus mark. OK?