Ιστορικό Αρχείο Αιγαίου "Εργάνη"
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Fax: +30 22510 37619E-mail: info@ergani.org.grWWW: www.ergani.org.gr
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(1870-1930)
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PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
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6 . , . , -, , . , - . - 1911, -, , , , , , , , , , , , , . , - , 1911 - 1909 , - .
-
1883 . - , 30%. - - , , -. 20 ., 12 250 3000 ,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
17
-
- , , , . , -, , - -. - , , - . , - , , - . 1911 .
. .//. 1874, -
& , , -. , (1889,1897) (1886, 1892) - (1890) - . 1891, . 1911, , - , 1919 , & - -. , & , - . 1928, .. - , , 1956, - , .
18
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3500 78.000 . - - - - , . , , , , , .. 1880, , - , . , 1890, - - .
, 1930, - - . - , - , . , - , . , - . - , - , .
/ , -
, - 1880 1960. - - , , ,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
19
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, . 1932, 1929, - , - [], - .. (, ,, ) (, -, ). -, , .
1956, , - , -, - . , - 1958, , . .. 1970, - . , .
, . , . , - 1903 - , , - , , , , -, 35 100 . , - , -, , - . - -
20
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. , , 1912, - . , , , 1889-1890, , . - , , - 1958.
1913, - , . 1916, - , . - - , . - , - - , , 1914 , - . - '. - , -, , .
- & , Paramount Marbles, . ..
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
21
-
:
-
, 1896 - , . - . - 1928, , .
1920, , . , , , - .
, - -: , - , - . - , , - , .
, -
, -, . , , , , .
22
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, , -, , , .
. -
1884 1890, . , , , , , . - . . , - .
, -
. 1880 , (1822-1833) , (1833-1840) (1848-1861) - 1922. 1925. , , , 24 , - . .
1889 1890, . , , . , - , . , . 3,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
23
3 1801 , (1828) (1853). -
. 1858 - - - - -. 1882 .
-
, - , - . -, , Courtgibad.
:
(;) 1790, -, (1780-1880) , , . , . . - . , - (1792-1835), , , - , (1817-1905), (1810-1835?) 4 (1815-1834). . - 1841 (1820-1907) - , (1850-1931), (1854-1900), (1857- ; ), 5 (1859-1867) (1861-1942).
1881 - (1865-1939) , (1884-1944) (1899-1952). , () - (1890-1974) , (--) (1911-1998) (-) (1928-1965). () . . (1923-2000) , . (1949-) . (1952-) . - -
24
4 , 1834, , - , -
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5 - 8 1867.
-
, 1965. () . , , () , (1979-), (1981-) (1984-).
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. (1850-1931), . (1884-1944) , . (1911-1998). , - , , . (1817-1905), , () (1865-1939), - , . (1854-1900) . (1861-1942). , - . , (), , . (1899-1952) , () (1928-1965). - , - - , , , ,, , ..
. (1850-1931) 1850
1870 . 1891 . , .
- , , , , , , , - .
, (,, , , ) - 1896 1928. -, 4 , - 4 , , , -
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
25
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. - .
1931 , .
() (1865-1939) , ,
1865. , , . - 1891 1903.
. , - - - , - . , , , , - . , . , .
1939 - .
. (1884-1944) 25 1884 -
. -, , . - . : (1911-1998) (1928-1965).
- , - , .., , . 1913 - . 1920-1924 .
26
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1931 1941, . - , , , , ,, . . - , . , -. , , , . , , , .
1944, , .
() (1890-1974) , , -
, 1911-1912 , - .
, , . -, , - . , - , . 1974 - .
. (1899-1952) .
,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
27
-
, -. - 1944. - - , . . .. , , , - 1927, - .
() , , . - , . 1937. 1952 .
. (1911-1998) 19 1911
, . - . - . (1923-2000) , .
1944 1952, . . ... 1956, - . , 1958 - - . , . 1983 , - - .
1998 - .
28
-
: , , -
, . - , , , , .
. (1817-1905) . ,
, 1817 . , . 1838 . - 1863. 1905, - , .
(1854-1900) ,
1894. , , - , . , 1893 - . - - , 1891 . 1900.
() (1928-1965) ,
. . , , 1965 -, - .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
29
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30
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1891
. - , - , , -, , . - -. 1838 - , - , - . 1854 - , - , .
19 , - - 1. . , - , - , . , - . , , . -
1 Sevket Pamuk, 1988, The OttomanEmpire and European Capitalism. Trade,investment and Production, SUNY Press,
Resat Kasaba, 1998, The OttomanEmpire and the World Economy.TheNineteenth Century, SUNY Press
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
31
-
, - - . 1860, - , . , -, . - , - . - 1860-1875. , , - --, , , .. - , - , 2.
- 1875. , , , , -, -. , , , - , 1881 - -. . - , . , -
32
2 , 1990, - .
. , 1870-1881,
-
. , -. , - . 1893
, , . , , . , , -. , - , . - . -, - . , , -. , - , - . , , - , , - , , , , , , .., - -, . , - -, .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
33
-
, , , 3. , - , - , - (1882) . - - - .
1891
, 1901, -. . 6.000.000 264.000 () 24.000 250 11 . . , - , , , -, . -, . - 25, . - 5% , 10% - , 10% , 10% - 5% . .. . - 4.
34
3 , 2002, , - (),
20 , 1, 326-3314
, 1 1901
-
- . , , . . , , . , - , . -, . . , 1870. , - . - . , , - . - - . - . .
- , , . - , . - , . , , . , , . , ,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
35
-
. , - .
- , , - - . - . - 5. , , , , -. 1892 - 6. . - .. 1891, 166.586 (96.936 69.630 ) 313.203 , - 50%7. - 170.059 315.446 1892 248.400 320.647 18938. , . 1899 660.665 - 216.053 9] 1903 222.596 997.057 [0948].
- . - - . 20 . , .. 1903
36
5 . 6 ,
10 18937
11 18928
10 1893, 25 18949 LEcomoniste d Orient, 12 1900
-
. , . , - [0948]. - 1902 1903 - - . 10% - .
, .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
37
. , 1893-1909
(: E. Pech, Manuel des Societes Anonymes fonctionnant en Turquie, 133, 0162, 0280)
() %
1893 20.221 5
1894 7.964 5
1895 13.561 5
1896 13.110 5
1897 20.062 5
1898 20.511 5
1899 13.904 5
1900 16.547 5
1901 15.812 5
1902 709 -
1903 1.475 -
1904 17.985 5
1906 8.695 5
1909 5.616 -
-
- . 1905 - - . .. 168.000 - 7 . .. - 36.000 ( 7 ) - 10. 1905, 109.000 45.000 64.546 805.821 . [844]. . 1906 [0279] 1908 1909 982.602 , - 110.994 , - 11.
14 , - . , - . 25/8 1909 . , -
38
1900-1905
: E. Pech, Manuel des Societes Anonymes fonctionnant en Turquie, 134
( 31 )
1900 8.5
1901 8.75
1902 8.5
1903 6.75
1904 6.5
1905 6
10 E. Pech, 1906, Manuel des Societes Anony-mes fonctionnant en Turquie, Paris, 132-133
11 , 25 1909, 23 1909
-
, , 36.000 - (7 ). 10.000 7 16.000 , 8.000 1910. [1663] , 180.000 - . . -. 6 1909 350.000 , 50.000 7 . [ 0162].
, ., - . , , , . 1910 [1834]. , , . - 1911 - , [0098]. - 140.000 - . , - , (Bank of Egypt). - - , . , , . - , , - . , . - 65.000 . - 140.000 -
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
39
-
. 349.214 12. -, .. . . - . 50% /- 10, 10-50 5 . 10 % - 13. , - . , . , 14. .
- . , - - . -, , - - . , -, .
, . , 1890 - 1907. , 1911,
40
12 26 191113 , 10 1911 14 . .
-
. - , , , , -. ( ) - , , , , . , - 1909. . - .. 1909 - [0162] . , . .
.
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
41
1891
1891
1898
1899
1907
1907
1907
1907
1907
1910
1910
1910
1910
-
, , , - . - - . 3 5% . [1843]. - - . . . 1901 1901 . 1902 - , . - . , . - - . - . - - 250-300 [1854]. - - . , , , - . - 1500-2000 [1855] - , 2000 400 . , . , -
42
-
. - 200. [1842]. 1907.
- - . -, - - - . , - . . . - , -. - , ) -, , ) - , ) - . - - . - , 30% . - - - [1845]. 1907 [2131] , - .
, - - , , . -
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
43
-
. -, , . - -. - , - . , - , - .
, - , - [1841]. - -. .. - . - , - -. , . , [1841].
- , -, . , , , - , . , , . , . .. -
44
-
1905 1906, . , - , . [0186]. - . - 1904-1906 - 160.000 170.000 , [1844]. 1909, - 3.524.861 21.949.679 (- 28 1909) , , . - , , . , 1:1.
. - - . , 20 , - . , - , -, . - . - [1840]
- . . , - . , - - ,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
45
-
. , , - . , - - . -. . , -, , - , - () [] - .. [1847].
, - . , , - . , - , - , - . 1904 960.701 - 446.383. 1905 396.129 - 728.006 [1844]. , - - . , . . - 1891, - 27.756 . , 1.061 32.290
46
-
1893 - 2.760 28.489 . - . 1892 1893 . , - . , , . - , , - .
. "" , -, . - . - . , , -. - -. - . - .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
47
-
48
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19-20 .
, 19 20. - (1850), , - , , 19, - .
- , (1912). , , - 1. , - - , 1880 1912, .
, , , 1870-1895. - 2 - .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
49
1 . , 1996, . (1880-1912), _. , . , . -, 2002, , _ . , 2004, - - : , . (.), -. -
, ,10-12 2002, . , , 423-434.
2 . . , - : , , . , . 8, 1988, 82-83. - 1928-1936.
-
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, - . , 3. .
, , , , .
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PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
51
4 - . . ., 1976, , 4, , 11. , . - -
- - . . -, 1998 , , 16, , 169.
5 . , 1882, , 35.
-
1924, , , . .
, , , . 4 1924 -
, , - 6, modle 7, () . - - 8 . , . . -. , . , . - .
, , 50 cm . - . , - 50-60 . 500, 1000. - , . , o , ( ) . axe flexible engrenage demultiplication. . ( 20 cm ) ( - ).
. ( - ). , , . 9
.
flexible vibro masseur10. , , ....
52
6 .
7 .8 .9 ,
.
10
Courdzibad Amiens - . (0074 )
-
( ) - , 17 [].
O M. 19125 ( 1012)
(20-11-1926) ( 1807), - . . , - .
221 La Revue Olicole, (25 1925) (1012), . - , . - (- ARMI, )( 1089) -. (1357) Oesterreichische Werke G.A., ( 0073) 200 . (1358). , -, . . 11, .
, . -
12, . - -
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
53
11 . ., 2003, , - - -, E, , , - , .
12 E. Sifneos, "On Entrepreneurs andEntrepreneurship of the Olive-oilEconomy in the Aegean: The Case ofLesvos Island", The Historical Review,Institute for Neohellenic Research, . 1(2004), 245-273.
-
. , - . , , -, , .
(1885) (1289), , - , . - , ( ). , 2773 donm (- 3.438 ), 55.000 , . (, , - ), . - , . . , - (.. [ ]).
( - , ) - (1903-4) (1916-1917). - ( 1214) 1893, (1916-1920) , . - 1928-1929, - Michelle Vurro, Puglia, (1070)., - 1927-1928. ( 0897)
, - . . , , -
54
-
( - ), - . - - , , motto Cavour , 22-2-1936. The man who trusts men will make fewer mistakes than he whodistrusts them.
1930, , , , - .( 0991, 1416, 0963) - , ( 1804, 0976) (0078), , ( 0078, 0967) , , .13
, , - . , ( 0074), (1908), - 1914-1916 ( 0337, 0441, 0002) - .
- , (1933)(0294) - (0306).
, , -
.
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
55
13 - , , - 80-100 . , (1 = 640 ), -
. , , - , 1000 . - , 1900-1902, 874 . ( 1214).
-
, , . , -, . , , , - - , , (1354) .
, -.( 1354, 1216, 0073). - , 1927-1928, - ( 0649, 1169). - 1920, . 1928.
-
, - (1214) 32 , ( 1917 ), , (1 = 8,19 ) , . , , ( ) (0989, 1446), -. 1934 (0966) 15 . - (- ) (0427). - -. , -, , -
56
-
. 1970 .14
*** ,
. - . , - , - , , , 2004 , . :Nothing is impossible.
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
57
14 . , -, . , 1980, -
, ... ,, . 25-27.
-
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1880 - . , 50-100 5-6 2. , 1840, , . .., 1875, - , 2.300 . -, - 3. , - .
, - , , , -. ,
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
59
1 . , 1983, (1833-1856). - , , .
2 D. Quataert, 2000, The Ottoman Empire,1700-1922, Cambridge, 117.
3 . , . , . -, 2002, : - 18 . ,, , 22.
-
Messageries Fraissinet , - . - , .4
- . 19, -, (Norddeutsher Lloyd RPIT), Khedivie . 19 ., - Mahsouse, , 95 , -.5 - - - . , 1843, . 1857 - .6 1849-1855, , . .
, , , , . - , - ,
60
4 . , 1996, - , -, . , , 102-188_ . , 1996,. (1850-1912), .
5 S. Shaw & E.K.Shaw,1997, History of theOttoman Empire and Modern Turkey,Cambridge , . II, 228.
6 . , 1988, - (1855-1872). - , , .
-
- .7
8 1883,
. . (0074).9 - - , - . - . ( 0074).10
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
61
7 , . V.Kardassis, "Greek Steam Liner Companies,1858-1914", International Journal ofMaritime History, IX, 2 , 1997,107-127. - - , - - , - - 1850-1880.. . , - , 15 19 ., 2001,.166-167.
8 . Evridiki Sifneos, 2006, "P.M. Courdgisand the birth of a Greek Ottoman linercompany: The Aegean Steamship Company", . Chatziioannou-G. Harlaftis,Following the Nereids. Sea routes andmaritime business, 16th-20th centuries, - , 121-135.
9 - , - 1914, . -. , -
, . - - - .
10 , - - -, - . , . H. Exertzoglou, 1999,"The Development of a Greek OttomanBourgeoisie: Investment Patterns in theOttoman Empire, 1850-1912", D. Gondicasand Ch. Issawi, Ottoman Greeks in the Age ofNationalism, Princeton, 89-114. , 1989, - . -: "--", 1871-1881, . -, 2003, -. 19 ., .
-
- - , . . - - ( 0074) 25-30%. - - , -. - 1877-1878. 11
- . , . ( 0074) (1880-1892), . -12 ( 0074), , - . - , , , , . ( 0074 ).
1.
.13 -, - , - , - , - . , , .
62
11 E. Eldem, 1999, A History of theOttoman Bank, Istanbul, . 127-143.
12 , 9/21-2-1880. 13 ,
.. - (0037).
-
, - , , , , , - . : , - , . ( 0074). - , .14 . : - () - [,] [,] - ......... ... - ...(0074)
- . , . - . , , - - , , - -, . , - .
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
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14 A. , 1980, - 1850-1922,
- , . 23, A, .365-404.
-
, -
250 . - . - (.-.1884) ( 0648), .
. (1883-1895), (1891). , , , 1897 1903, 1904 - (. . ).
-, , , , - . - - 1883-1895(0648).15 -, , , .16 - ( 2366), 1887 , - (1901) . (2117)
,17 , ( 2129 2135) (2127-2128,2117,0248) - .
64
15 - , .
16 -
, . A. J. Arnold,1995 "Accounting information andHistorical Research in the ShippingIndustry", International Journal ofMaritime History, VII, 1 (1995), 105-115.
17 1901 33 - (2117).
-
, 1903-1904 - - . ( 1191, 0948)
,
- , - , . - .
(2366,0648), - . . 18
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
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: 1883-1895 (0648).
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1885 3.214.914 92 34.945
1886 3.288.798 93 35.363
1887 , , 4.481.706 203 22,077
,
+
1888 , , 4.967.313 193 25,737
,
+
1889 6.049.083 223 27,125
1890 7.511.655 258 29,002
1891 7.954.857 261 30,478
1892 8.054.734 285 28.262
1893 7.773.603 243 31.990
1894 7.427.879 271 27.409
1895 7.110.339 277 25.669
-
,
, - , , , , , , , .
1884(0648).
PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
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PXEIO KOYPTZH: TOPIKH TEKMHPIH
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