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Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

Chapter 9

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Classification

Concept Mapping

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Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Bellringer

Think about the different ways humans classify things. In your science journal, list at least five things that humans classify.

Chapter 9

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

•Explain why and how organisms are classified.

•List the eight levels of classification.

•Explain scientific names.

•Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

Objectives

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

Why Classify?•Answering Questions The classification of living

things makes it easier for biologist to answer many important questions such as:

1. How many known species are there?2. What are the defining characteristics of each

species?3. What are the relationships between these species?

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

How do Scientists Classify Organisms?•Classification Today Taxonomists use the

eight-level system to classify living things based on shared characteristics.

•Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram, several characteristics are listed along the line that points to the right. Each characteristic is shared by the animals to the right of it.

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

Levels of Classification•Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of

classification are:

1. Domain2. Kingdom3. Phylum4. Class5. Order6. Family7. Genus8. Species

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

Scientific Names•One Species, One Name A scientific name is

always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be.

•Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name.

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

Dichotomous Keys•What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous

key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.

•Two-Part Names By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown organism.

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

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Section 1 Sorting It All OutChapter 9

A Growing System•Still Discoveries to Make People are still

discovering and classifying organisms.

•Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.

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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

Bellringer

List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the names on your list by style of music. Describe in your science journal the categories you chose and explain which bands might fit into more than one category.

Chapter 9

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Chapter 9

•Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known.

•Describe the three domains.

•Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya

Objectives

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Chapter 9

What Is It?•What Is Used to Classify Organisms?

Organisms are classified by their characteristics.

•Adding New Classification Categories As scientists continue to learn about living things, they add classification categories that account for the characteristics of different organisms.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Chapter 9

The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria•The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two

kinds of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are known to live in extreme environments.

•The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Chapter 9

The Domain Eukarya•The Kingdom Protista Today members of the

kingdom Protista commonly called protists, are single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.

•Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Chapter 9

•The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi.

•Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food. Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

The Domain Eukarya, continued

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Chapter 9

The Kingdom Plantae•Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of

organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make food through photosynthesis.

•Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Chapter 9

The Kingdom Animalia•Animals The kingdom Animalia contains

complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls, are usually able to move around, and have specialized sense organs.

•Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.

•Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms

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Classification

Concept MappingUse the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping on the next slide.

Chapter 9

kingdomspeciesclassclassificationfamily

scientific nameordertaxonomyphylum

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Chapter 9 Classification

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Chapter 9 Classification