traditional chinese medicine background conceptual ba sis acupuncture acupuncture for pain...
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Acupuncture
Overview:Traditional Chinese Medicine
BackgroundConceptual basis Acupuncture
Acupuncture for Pain Management: an evidence based review
PurposeReview of LiteratureNursing Theory
Traditional Chinese Medicine
AcupunctureMassageTraditional Herbal RemediesMoxibustion(heat application)Tai chi, qi gong
The vital energy force Qi: The vital life force
~361 acupoints along 12 meridians ~
Our Paper:
Acupuncture: An Option for Pain Management in Primary Care
PurposeReview acupuncture studies found in the
literature
Examine theoretical frameworks that support acupuncture
Review cultural, ethical & legal issues surrounding acupuncture
Consider incorporation of acupuncture into advanced nursing practice
Review of Literature
CINAHL & Proquest databases searched
Search narrowed with keywords: Acupuncture & Pain Management
8 studies selected and analyzed
Review of LiteratureAUTHOR
SSTUDY SUBJECTS METHODS RESULTS
Martin, Sletten, Williams, & Berger,2006
50 Fibromyalgia patients: (25 in control group, 25 in acupuncture group)
Sham acupuncture vs. true acupuncture(6 bilateral points)
FIQ score improved with acupuncture group (p=.01) & MPI scores improved, (most in fatigue & anxiety scales)
Spira, 2008
132 sailors in Iraq Acupuncture offered w/ medical treatments for sprains, fractures, etc.
Return to duty 2 days (avg) sooner than conventional therapy group
Tam, Leung, Li, Zhang, & Li, 2007
36 patients from Prince of Wales Hospital w/ RA
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial analyzing effects of EA, TCA, & sham acupuncture
EA group: Reduced physician global assess. scores (p=0.04) & # of tender joints (p=0.03); TCA group: reduced pt global assess. scores & # of tender joints (p=0.01)
Review of LiteratureAUTHORS STUDY SUBJECTS METHODS RESULTS
Prady, Thomas, Esmonde, Crouch, & MacPherson, 2007
105 of 239 original ‘back pain trial’ participants
36-item quality of life questionnaire addressing pain
No significant differences after 7 years, although 90.8% (treatment group) would recommend acupuncture (62.1% of control group)
White, Foster, Cummings, & Barlas, 2007
2362 patients with chronic knee pain
Meta-analysis of 13 randomized control studies
Suggests that acupuncture is superior to sham treatment, but need more large, quality trials
Vas, Aguilar, Perea-Miller, Mendez, 2007
Patients @ Pain Treatment Unit in Spain (wide variety of non-onc pain complaints)
Retrospective review of 5981 records of patient treatment programs
Overall favorable responses; no severe adverse events, reduced analgesic & anti-inflammatory drug consumption
Review of LiteratureAUTHORS STUDY
SUBJECTSMETHODS RESULTS
Lind et al, 2005 302 patients with migraine headaches in Germany
Randomized control trial: acupuncture vs. sham acupuncture vs. none
# of days with HA decreased in acupuncture group (from 5.2 to 3 days) and sham group (from 5 to 2.2 days)
Reynolds, Bland & MacPherson, 2008
30 IBS patients: (20 in control group & 10 in acupuncture group)
Exploratory randomized control trial: general practitioner care w/ & w/o acupuncture treatment
No acupuncture group: scores down 322 to 287Acupuncture group: scores down 343 to 128.
Nursing Theory & AcupunctureSimultaneity Paradigm:
Human being as unitary wholeMutual, simultaneous, non-linear human-
environment interaction
Health=pattern of the whole
Nursing: attempts to stimulate re-patterning
Nursing Theory & AcupunctureExamples:
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
Rosemarie R. Parses’ Theory of Human Becoming
Susan K. Leddy’s Theory of Energetic Patterning
Cultural, Legal & Ethical Considerations
Cultural: Understand individual beliefs & needs; understand the philosophy behind healing
Legal: Referrals should be to practitioners who are board certified
Ethical: Balancing beneficence & patient autonomy
Incorporation into ANPType Indication
Respiratory Allergic rhinitis
GI Biliary colic, dysentery, epigastralgia (in peptic ulcer,
acute and chronic gastritis and gastrospasm
Pain Facial Pain, headache, knee pain, low back pain, neck
pain, dental and TMJ pain, periarthritis of the shoulder,
postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritis, sciatica,
sprain, tennis elbow
Gynecologic
al and Renal
Renal colic, primary dysmenorhhea, induction of labor,
correction of malposition of fetus
Cardiovascul
ar
Hypertension, hypotension, stroke
General Adverse reactions to radiotherapy and/or
chemotherapy, depression (including depressive
neurosis and depression following stroke), leukopenia,
morning sickness, nausea and vomiting
ContraindicationsPatients on anti-
coagulation therapy should not participate in acupuncture due to risk of bleeding
Acute emergency cases should seek Western medical attention (ex. Shock, septicemia, hemorrhage, MI, surgical emergencies)
THE END
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