01 - abap workbench environment & tools

ABAP Workbench Environment & Tools

Course Objectives

In this Course, the participant will learn:• ABAP Workbench Environment and Tools• An Introduction to ABAP Programming• Advanced techniques in ABAP Programming• BDCs and Interfacing in the SAP Environment• Enhancements & Modifications to SAP R/3• Designing and Using SAP Forms (SAP Script)• Dialog Programming

Course Objectives

In this Course, the participant will learn:• ABAP Workbench Environment and Tools• An Introduction to ABAP Programming• Advanced techniques in ABAP Programming• BDCs and Interfacing in the SAP Environment• Enhancements & Modifications to SAP R/3• Designing and Using SAP Forms (SAP Script)• Dialog Programming

ABAP Workbench Environment and Tools

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench

Environment and Tools• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench

In this section, we will…

• Learn the basics of the ABAP Workbench

• Introduce the Tools available in the Workbench

• Explain the Standard Menus in the ABAP Workbench

ABAP Workbench Environment

What is the Workbench?

• Graphical programming environment– Use it to create ABAP Applications– Enhance and change existing SAP Applications

• Use it to to do the following:– Write ABAP Code– Design dialogs or Screens– Create Menus with the Menu Painter– Maintain Database objects– Debug an Application– Do performance Analyses– Manage Conflicts and Versions

Workbench Menus Layout

• Overview menu• Development• Test menu• Utilities menu

Workbench Tools

• Object Browser SE80

• ABAP/4 Editor SE38

• Data Dictionary (DDIC) SE11

• Function Builder SE37

• Screen Painter SE51

• Menu Painter SE41

• Performance Trace ST05

• Runtime Analysis SE30

• ABAP Debugger

• Class builder SE24

Workbench Tools (contd.)

Navigate to the Workbench Tools from the main menu as follows:SAP menu Tools Development ABAP Dictionary(or)Type in the transaction code in the Command Field.

Navigate to the Workbench Tools from the main menu as follows:SAP menu Tools Development ABAP Dictionary(or)Type in the transaction code in the Command Field.

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

ABAP Editor and its functions

In this section, we will…

• Introduce navigation to the ABAP Editor

• Explain how to create programs in the Editor

• Describe the Attributes of an ABAP Program

• Learn how to Check syntax of programs

• Explain how to Activate ABAP Programs

Navigation to the ABAP Editor

• Navigate through SAP menu:

SAP menu Tools ABAP Workbench Development

ABAP Editor

• Type Transaction code SE38 in command field

• Double-click on a program name from any other workbench tool

Creating Programs – Step 1 of 5Initial Screen

Enter Program Name here. Begin with “Z” or “Y”.

Enter Program Name here. Begin with “Z” or “Y”.

Push this ButtonPush this Button

Creating Programs – Step 2 of 5Program Attributes

Give the title, program type,status, application (SD, MM etc) then press Save button.

Creating Programs – Step 3 of 5Program Attributes(contd.)

As soon as we press save button it will automatically ask for development class.Give the name of development class and press save button.

Creating Programs – Step 4 of 5Program Attributes(contd.)

The next dialog asks for the transport request. Give the name of transport request (or create own request with create button) and click on enter button.

Creating Programs – Step 5 of 5Edit, Check and Activate

Write ABAP Code in the ABAP Editor, Check Syntax, correct errors if there are any and Activate the program. A Program needs to be activated to be Executed.

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

ABAP Dictionary and its uses

In this section, we will…

• Describe the use of the Data Dictionary (DDIC)• Explain the different components of the DDIC• Explain how to navigate to the DDIC or one of its components• Define DDIC Objects such as Tables, Structures and Views• Define Table Types,Data Elements &Domains and their interrelationship

• Define Search Helps• Define Lock objects

What is the Data Dictionary?The Data Dictionary:• is a system-independent

interface to a database• is a “virtual database”

containing metadata (data about data)

• provides tools for data manipulation and data processing

• is also called DDIC or ABAP Dictionary

Necessity of Data Dictionary

• The DDIC facilitates the development of platform independent applications

• The DDIC eliminates the need for programmers to be concerned about specific storage locations, drive and directory names, etc.

ABAP Program X

ABAP Program X

ABAP Dictionary ABAP Dictionary

SAP Database(Oracle) Windows

NTSAP Database

(MS SQL Server)Unix

ABAP Dictionary Functionality

• ABAP Dictionary• Repository Info system

•Documentation

•ABAP Dict objects.

•Where used list

•RelationshipModification

Analysis

Analysis Activation

Administration

Integration

•ABAP Dict objects Time

Stamp Validation

•Entries in DB catalogue

•Records•Storage

ABAP Dictionary Transactions

• SE80 - Repository Browser• SE15 - Repository Information System• SE16 - Data Browser• SE17 - General Table Display• SM30 - Maintain Table Views• SM31 - Table Maintenance

ABAP Dictionary Objects

• Data base table• Data Element• Domain• Structure• View• Search Help• Lock Object

DDIC, Initial ScreenDDIC, Initial Screen

Domains

Table A

Data elements

Domain

A Domain describes the technical structure of a field that is its size and its data types.Domains are attached to Data Elements

Characteristics of Domains

Table A

Data elements

Domain

Fields (or Columns)

Allowed Values

Domain Domain

Value tableJanuary

February...December

Creating a Domain

Enter a description (short text)

Enter data type and length

Creating a domain (contd.)

Enter fixed value and description.

Value table may be entered

Two-Level Domain Concept

S_CITY

S_TO_CITYS_FROM_CIT

DepartureCity

DestinationCity

Domain

Dataelement

City

Data Elements

Table A Table B

Data element 1

A data element gives the description of the field of the Table.

Pre-Defined Data Elements

Data Element Documentation

Definition

Use

What to do

Creating a Data Element

Enter a description (short text)

Enter domain name

Creating a Data Element

Maintain field labels and column headers.

Difference between Domain &Data Element

DomainDefines Technical Attributes such as data type,length,allowed values,etc.A domain can be part of several data elementsUsed to define data elements,restrict values (using value range, value table, etc)

Data ElementDefines semantic attributes such as display length ,short text, long text,etc.A Data Element can point to only one domainUsed to define fields of tables and screens.

Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

Table A Table B Table C

Data element Data element

Domain

Tables: Basic Concepts

Table KNA1(Customers)

Table:KNA1

MANDT KUNNR NAME 1 ORT 02

• Tables are containers which stores data in the form of record• They are a central component of the SAP R/3 Application• One or more fields form a data record (also known as tupel)• A number of data records of the same type form a table

Tables

Table SCARR

Carrier ID

AADLLHUA...

Carrier Name

American AirlinesDeltaLufthansaUnited Airlines...

TABLE‘Airline Carriers’

Rows (tuples)

Primary key (Field) values

Tables: Concept of Foreign Key

Primary Key

PLANETYPE SEATSMAX

747-200 200 20000A310-200 211 24000757-300 301 17000

CARGOMAXCheckTable

Table 1: Airplane Details Table SAPLANE

FLDATECARRID PRICECONNID

AA 1234 03/22/1999 500 747-200 125 UA 5678 01/06/1999 600 A310-200 90

ForeignKeyTable

Table 2: Flight Table SFLIGHT

PLANETYPE SEATSOCC

Primary Key Foreign Key

Tables: Indexes for Fields

DBDB

S1 S2 ... F1 F2 ... F2 S1 S2

T1_KT1_KT1T1

S1 S2 ... F1 F2 ...T1T1 T1_KT1_K

Identific.UniqueDesc

ABAP Dictionary

IndexIndex

Creating a Table – Step 1 of 6

Enter the Name of the table (should begin with “Z” or “Y”)

Enter the Name of the table (should begin with “Z” or “Y”)

Press the Create ButtonPress the Create Button

Creating a Table – Step 2 of 6

Enter a description (short text)

Maintain delivery class

Table maintenance attribute

After making all entries, Press the “Fields” Tab

After making all entries, Press the “Fields” Tab

Creating a Table – Step 3 of 6

Maintain field attributes

Maintain data elements

After making all entries, Press the “Technical Settings” Button

After making all entries, Press the “Technical Settings” Button

Creating a Table – Step 4 of 6

After making all entries, Press the Save Button. Once Technical Settings are save, Press the “Back” Button (F3)

After making all entries, Press the Save Button. Once Technical Settings are save, Press the “Back” Button (F3)

Creating a Table – Step 5 of 6

Save, Check and Activate the Table. After that Press the “Indexes” Button on the Application Toolbar

Save, Check and Activate the Table. After that Press the “Indexes” Button on the Application Toolbar

Creating a Table – Step 6 of 6Steps to create an index

After entering the Index Fields and other parameters, save and activate the index, Z01

After entering the Index Fields and other parameters, save and activate the index, Z01

Maintaining Table Entries

Browsing Table Entries

You can navigate to the Data Browser from the DDIC or by typing the transaction code, SE16

You can navigate to the Data Browser from the DDIC or by typing the transaction code, SE16

Buffering and its uses

1st access

DBDB

T2T2G1 G2 S3 F1 ...

T3T3G1 G2 S3 ...

T1T1S1 S2 F1 ...

ABAP DictionaryABAP Dictionary

S1 S2 F1 ...T1T1 T3T3G1 G2 S3 ...

T2T2G1 G2 S3 F1 ...

T1T1S1 S2 F1 ...

TABL TABLP

Buffer: 100% and generic Buffer: partial

Yes Import record

No

Yes

NoYes

Generickeycomplete

SELECT SINGLErecord exists

No1st access

Yes

No

G1 G2 S3 F1 ...T2T2

S1 S2 F1 ...T3T3

Change numberof key fields100% generic

partial2

Using a Table in Program Code

Tables: YEMPLOY.SELECT *FROM YEMPLOY.

WRITE: / YEMPLOY-IDYEMPLOY-NAMEYEMPLOY-SALARY

ENDSELECT.

Foreign Keys

Uses:• Maintain data integrity• Provide help texts• Create aggregate dictionary objects

Prerequisites:• The foreign key text field and primary key of the check table must share the same domain• A value table must exist for that domain.

Creating Foreign Keys

Cardinality

• Cardinality defines the type of relationship between two tables

• The cardinality of a foreign key indicates how many dependent records a record in a check table may have

1:1

1:C

1:N

1:CN

Cardinality Types

Maintenance Dialog

Maintenance Dialog (contd.)

Types of Tables in SAP

Transparent

Cluster

Pool

Internal

ABAPDictionary

ABAPProgram

Structures

Views• View is the virtual table, it reflects the mirror image of the table.• Views are used to join more than one tables.

Table View

Creating a View

Search Helps

The Search path used thelast time is displayed

User selects row

Values are returned

User chooses F4 on field

The chosen search path is displayed

A B C

A B C

User chooses a

different search path

Hit List is displayed

Search Help

Lock object

• A lock object acts as a traffic light for a table.It is used to prevent concurrent use of database table

Data Browser: An Introduction

Enter Table NameTable Edit Goto Settings System Help

Table name

User parameters

ABAP Workbench

Tools

Overview

Data Browser ( SE16 )

TABNA

Data Browser: Parameters

Data Browser: Maintain Settings

Width of output list

Maximum no. of hits

Check conversion exits

Display maximum number of hits

80

500

Key word

Fld nameField ID

Data Browser: Selecting Data

Data Browser: Settings

Sort Sequence for output list ...

- List table fields

- Maximum 9 sort fields

- Flag fields with 1 to 9

Fields to be selected ...

- Lists table fields

- Flag the fields tobe included in thethe output list

affects theoutput list

Fields to be Fields to be used for data used for data selection ...selection ...

- Lists table fields- Flag the fields to

be used for dataselection

- Maximum 40

affects theselection screen

Personal Settings

- Width of output list- Maximum number ofentries to be selected

- Take into accountconversion exit

- Column headings canbe either:. Field Name, or. Field Text(from Data Element)

Data Browser: Table SPFLI.... .... .... Settings .... .... System Help

List format Sort Sort User parameters Choose FieldsChoose FieldsFields For SelectionFields For Selection

SAP Data

ConfigurationData

MasterData

TransactionData

SystemData

• Sales Orders• Purchase Orders• Journal Entries• Goods Receipts

• G/L Accounts• Vendors• Materials• Stock Locations

• Metadata• Programs• Documentation• System Settings

• Currency Codes• Order Types• Payment Terms• Field Status Codes

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

Using the Screen Painter

In this section, we will…

• Explain the use of the Screen Painter

• The different Components of a Screen in ABAP

• Understand the relationship between the Module and Screen

• Go through the steps in creation of an ABAP Screen

Screen Painter

Creating a Screen – Step 1 of 8

Creating a Screen – Step 2 of 8

After entering the other details, Press the “Create” button

After entering the other details, Press the “Create” button

Creating a Screen – Step 3 of 8

After entering the details, Press the “Layout” button

After entering the details, Press the “Layout” button

Creating a Screen – Step 4 of 8

Choose “Text Field” as shown

Choose “Text Field” as shown

Creating a Screen – Step 5 of 8

Enter the Text as shown. A name need not be entered for a text field.

Enter the Text as shown. A name need not be entered for a text field.

Press the “Refresh” button to validate the entries. Press the “Transfer” button to transfer the field to the screen layout

Press the “Refresh” button to validate the entries. Press the “Transfer” button to transfer the field to the screen layout

Creating a Screen – Step 6 of 8

Press the “Yes” Button

Press the “Yes” Button

Repeat the Process for several Input/Output fields and text fields. Press “Transfer” after designing each field

Repeat the Process for several Input/Output fields and text fields. Press “Transfer” after designing each field

Creating a Screen – Step 7 of 8

The box shown is designed by creating an element of type “Frame”

The box shown is designed by creating an element of type “Frame”

The Complete screen layout for Screen 0001.Save, Check Syntax and Activate the screen by pressing the “Activate” button.

The Complete screen layout for Screen 0001.Save, Check Syntax and Activate the screen by pressing the “Activate” button.

Creating a Screen – Step 8 of 8

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

Using the Menu Painter

In this section, we will…

• Explain the uses of a Menu Painter

• Describe the process of defining and Testing a GUI Status

GUI Status and the Menu Painter

Module Pool

Screens

GUI Status

• You define a GUI Status using the Menu Painter (SE41)

• You can define multiple screens and GUI Statuses for a Module Pool

• The Screens and GUI Statuses are called and controlled by “Modules” in the Module Pool

• After receiving input from user, the Screen passes control to the Module pool (Screen’s Flow logic does this) through the GUI Status

• The Screen acts as a container for the GUI Status

• A GUI Status can be associated with several screens and vice versa

Creating a GUI Status – Step 1 of 6

After entering the names of the Module Pool and GUI Status, Press the “Create” button

After entering the names of the Module Pool and GUI Status, Press the “Create” button

Prerequisite:• Module Pool Program• Screen (for testing)Since we have already created a Module Pool and a Screen in a previous section, we are going to use the same.

Prerequisite:• Module Pool Program• Screen (for testing)Since we have already created a Module Pool and a Screen in a previous section, we are going to use the same.

Creating a GUI Status – Step 2 of 6

Enter the Short Text, check “Online Status” as type and press Enter

Enter the Short Text, check “Online Status” as type and press Enter

Creating a GUI Status – Step 3 of 6

Creating a GUI Status – Step 4 of 6

Enter a unique “Function Code” for each of the slots in the Application Toolbar and the Standard Toolbar to perform specific functions.

Enter a unique “Function Code” for each of the slots in the Application Toolbar and the Standard Toolbar to perform specific functions.

Creating a GUI Status – Step 5 of 6

Creating a GUI Status – Step 6 of 6

Note the Application toolbar and the Menu bar are attached now to Screen 0001

Note the Application toolbar and the Menu bar are attached now to Screen 0001

Topic Objectives

In this Topic, the participant will learn:• An Introduction to the ABAP Workbench• ABAP Editor and its functions• ABAP Dictionary and its uses• Using the Screen Painter• Using the Menu Painter• Other Important Tools in the ABAP WorkbenchOther Important Tools in the ABAP Workbench

In this section, we will…

• Introduce other tools that are available in the ABAP Workbench

Object Navigator

• All Workbench objects are stored in ABAP “Repository”• Unified environment to access ABAP Repository Objects • Can navigate to the Workbench tool of the Object• Can Maintain ABAP repository objects such as Message Classes, Development Classes, Programs, Transactions, etc.

Transport Organizer

Other Tools in the Workbench

• Function Builder– Used to maintain and test function modules– Covered in “Advanced ABAP Programming”

• Performance Trace– Used to Monitor performance

• Runtime Analysis– Used to Analyze runtimes of routines in programs

• ABAP Debugger– Allows stepping through ABAP programs

• Class Builder– Used to build ABAP Classes